Showing papers by "Florida State University published in 1994"
Tohoku University1, University of Zurich2, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory3, Stanford University4, College of William & Mary5, University of Urbino6, CERN7, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics8, University of California, Irvine9, Cornell University10, Argonne National Laboratory11, ETH Zurich12, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research13, Hillsdale College14, Spanish National Research Council15, Ohio State University16, University of Notre Dame17, Kent State University18, University of California, San Diego19, University of California, Berkeley20, University of Minnesota21, University of Alabama22, University of Helsinki23, Los Alamos National Laboratory24, California Institute of Technology25, George Washington University26, Syracuse University27, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory28, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater29, University of Washington30, Max Planck Society31, Boston University32, University of California, Los Angeles33, Royal Holloway, University of London34, Université Paris-Saclay35, University of Pennsylvania36, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign37, University of Bristol38, University of Tokyo39, University of Delaware40, Carnegie Mellon University41, University of California, Santa Cruz42, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology43, Heidelberg University44, Florida State University45, University of Mainz46, University of Edinburgh47, Brookhaven National Laboratory48, Durham University49, University of Lausanne50, Massachusetts Institute of Technology51, University of Southampton52, Nagoya University53, University of Oxford54, Northwestern University55, University of British Columbia56, Columbia University57, Lund University58, University of Sheffield59, University of California, Santa Barbara60, Iowa State University61, University of Alberta62, University of Cambridge63
TL;DR: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, and features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations. For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review). Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
5,143 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors respond to concerns raised by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry about the relative efficacy of performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measures of service quality.
Abstract: The authors respond to concerns raised by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1994) about the relative efficacy of performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measures of service quality. Th...
2,825 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical ideas and experimental results concerning high-temperature superconductors are reviewed in this article, with special emphasis on calculations performed with the help of computers applied to models of strongly correlated electrons proposed to describe the two-dimensional Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2} planes.
Abstract: Theoretical ideas and experimental results concerning high-temperature superconductors are reviewed Special emphasis is given to calculations performed with the help of computers applied to models of strongly correlated electrons proposed to describe the two-dimensional Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ planes The review also includes results using several analytical techniques The one- and three-band Hubbard models and the $t\ensuremath{-}J$ model are discussed, and their behavior compared against experiments when available The author found, among the conclusions of the review, that some experimentally observed unusual properties of the cuprates have a natural explanation through Hubbard-like models In particular, abnormal features like the mid-infrared band of the optical conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$, the new states observed in the gap in photoemission experiments, the behavior of the spin correlations with doping, and the presence of phase separation in the copper oxide superconductors may be explained, at least in part, by these models Finally, the existence of superconductivity in Hubbard-like models is analyzed Some aspects of the recently proposed ideas to describe the cuprates as having a ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ superconducting condensate at low temperatures are discussed Numerical results favor this scenario over others It is concluded that computational techniques provide a useful, unbiased tool for studying the difficult regime where electrons are strongly interacting, and that considerable progress can be achieved by comparing numerical results against analytical predictions for the properties of these models Future directions of the active field of computational studies of correlated electrons are briefly discussed
2,262 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that expert performance is predominantly mediated by acquired complex skills and physiological adaptations, and that deliberate practice can also lead to anatomical changes resulting from adaptations to intense physical activity, which has important implications for the structure and limits of human adaptation and optimal learning.
Abstract: Counter to the common belief that expert performance reflects innate abilities and capacities, recent research in different domains of expertise has shown that expert performance is predominantly mediated by acquired complex skills and physiological adaptations. For elite performers, supervised practice starts at very young ages and is maintained at high daily levels for more than a decade. The effects of extended deliberate practice are more far-reaching than is commonly believed. Performers can acquire skills that circumvent basic limits on working memory capacity and sequential processing. Deliberate practice can also lead to anatomical changes resulting from adaptations to intense physical activity. The study of expert performance has important implications for our understanding of the structure and limits of human adaptation and optimal learning.
2,009 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that young children's phonological processing abilities are well-described by five correlated latent abilities: phonological analysis, phonological synthesis, phonology coding in working memory, isolated naming, and serial naming.
Abstract: Results from a longitudinal correlational study of 244 children from kindergarten through 2nd grade indicate that young children's phonological processing abilities are well-described by 5 correlated latent abilities: phonological analysis, phonological synthesis, phonological coding in working memory, isolated naming, and serial naming. These abilities are characterized by different developmental rates and remarkably stable individual differences. Decoding did not exert a causal influence on subsequent phonological processing abilities, but letter-name knowledge did. Causal relations between phonological processing abilities and reading-related knowledge are bidirectional: Phonological processing abilities exert strong causal influences on word decoding; letter-name knowledge exerts a more modest causal influence on subsequent phonological processing abilities. In the context of beginning reading, phonological processing refers to making use of the phonological or sound structure of oral language when learning how to decode written language (see Adams, 1990; Brady & Shankweiler, 1991; Crowder &
1,405 citations
TL;DR: The last 20 years of research have produced a broad variety of converging evidence that at least three kinds of phonological processing skills are positively related to individual differences in the rate at which beginning reading skills are acquired.
Abstract: O ne of the most exciting developments in research on reading over the last two decades is the emerging consensus about the importance of phonological processing abilities in the acquisition of early reading skills (Shankweiler & Liberman, 1989; Stanovich, 1988; Wagner & Torgesen, 1987) As the term is used by those who study early reading development, phonological processing refers to an individual's mental operations that make use of the phonological or sound structure of oral language when he or she is learning how to decode written language The last 20 years of research have produced a broad variety of converging evidence that at least three kinds of phonological processing skills are positively related to individual differences in the rate at which beginning reading skills are acquired (see Adams, 1990; Brady & Shankweiler, 1991; Crowder & Wagner, 1991; and Torgesen, 1993, for recent reviews of this work) The kinds of phonological processing skills and knowledge that have been most frequently studied include phonological awareness, phonological memory, and rate of access for phonological information Types of Reading-Related Phonological Skill
913 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the current status of nonperturbative studies of gauge field theory using the Dyson-Schwinger equation formalism and its application to hadronic physics.
913 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented to demonstrate that the literature that indicates that criminal psychopaths do not show the expected potentiation of the startle reflex that normally occurs during processing of aversive stimuli such as unpleasant photographs or punishment cues is reviewed.
Abstract: Abnormal affective response in psychopaths is conceptualized within a broad theory of emotion that emphasizes reciprocal appetitive and defensive motivational systems. The startle response is proposed as a specific measure of the directional component of emotional activation. I review the literature that indicates that criminal psychopaths do not show the expected potentiation of the startle reflex that normally occurs during processing of aversive stimuli such as unpleasant photographs or punishment cues. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that this deviant response pattern is specific to individuals who display the classic affective symptoms of psychopathy. The core emotional deviation in psychopathy could be a deficit in fear response, which is defined as a failure of aversive cues to prime normal defensive actions. This emotional deficit may represent an extreme variant of normal temperament.
751 citations
TL;DR: The study's findings indicate that managerial IT knowledge is a dominant factor in explaining high levels of IT use and that both managerial ITknowledge and IT-management-process effectiveness are influenced by IT management climate.
Abstract: This paper draws upon the absorptive capacity as the theoretical basis for a pragmatic explanation of key factors affecting information technology (IT) use in large, complex organizations. IT use is defined as the extent to which an organization deploys IT to support operational and strategic tasks. The study uses results from a survey of senior IT managers from 132 firms to examine hypothesized relationships among the following constructs: IT management climate, managerial IT knowledge, IT-management-process effectiveness, and IT use. A structural-equation model is developed using LISREL to assess the relative effects of and interrelationships among these constructs. The study's findings indicate that managerial IT knowledge is a dominant factor in explaining high levels of IT use and that both managerial IT knowledge and IT-management-process effectiveness are influenced by IT management climate.
741 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method is explored for estimating the residence time of suspended particles by combining the Ce concentration data of dissolved and surface-bound phases with the Ce(III) oxidation rate measurements of MOFFETT (1990).
644 citations
TL;DR: The authors compare five estimators of Tobin's q that range from a simple-to-construct estimator based on book-values to a relatively complex estimators based upon the methodology developed by Lindenberg and Ross (1981).
TL;DR: Results are consistent with the idea that semantic and emotional processes are dissociated in psychopaths, and high scores on the antisocial behavior factor of psychopathy predicted imagery response deficits.
Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that the response mobilization that normally accompanies imagery of emotional situations is deficient in psychopaths. Cardiac, electrodermal, and facial muscle responses of 54 prisoners, assigned to low- and high-psychopathy groups using R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist--Revised, were recorded while subjects imagined fearful and neutral scenes in a cued sentence-processing task. Groups did not differ on self-ratings of fearfulness, imagery ability, or imagery experience. Low-psychopathy subjects showed larger physiological reactions during fearful imagery than high-psychopathy subjects. Extreme scores on the antisocial behavior factor of psychopathy predicted imagery response deficits. Results are consistent with the idea that semantic and emotional processes are dissociated in psychopaths.
TL;DR: Level of trait anxiety appears to be the single strongest risk for the development of severe post-traumatic reactions after a disaster, suggesting that females and younger children are more likely to develop posttraumatic reactions following a disaster.
Abstract: Objective To examine the influence of subject and exposure variables on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and syndrome in children exposed to disaster. Method Three months after Hurricane Hugo, 5,687 school-aged children were surveyed about their experiences and reactions to the hurricane. Self-reports of PTSD symptoms were obtained by use of a PTSD Reaction Index. Results The presence of PTSD symptoms was strongly related to children's reported severity of the hurricane, degree of home damage sustained, and continued displacement; however, children's level of trait anxiety and their reported emotional reactivity during the hurricane were more strongly related to the presence of PTSD symptoms than were the exposure factors. Different sets of risk factors appeared to differentially influence the development of the three DSM-III-R PTSD symptom clusters. Little evidence for a differential effect of the risk factors between females and males and younger and older children was found. Conclusions Level of trait anxiety appears to be the single strongest risk for the development of severe post-traumatic reactions. The higher rate of post-traumatic symptoms in females and younger children in combination with the absence of differential reaction to the risk factors suggests that females and younger children are more likely to develop posttraumatic reactions following a disaster.
TL;DR: A sociologist applied individual and aggregate-level 1982 data on 11620 observations and 1180 first intercourse events to multivariate hazard models to examine the role of neighborhood characteristics in determining racial differences in nonmarital sexual activity of US adolescents.
Abstract: A sociologist applied individual and aggregate-level 1982 data on 11620 observations and 1180 first intercourse events to multivariate hazard models to examine the role of neighborhood characteristics in determining racial differences in nonmarital sexual activity of US adolescents. The hypothesis is that racially-differentiated community environments generate and maintain race differences in fertility-related behaviors. The dependent variable is risk of nonmarital first intercourse. Socioeconomic status of the neighborhood (p < 0.05) and labor market experiences of neighborhood women (p < 0.001) were very important determinants of the strong race difference in risk of first intercourse. Both white and black female adolescents were more likely to have nonmarital sexual intercourse when the potential consequences of this sexual activity (as evidenced by the economic characteristics of the neighborhood and the experiences and behaviors of neighborhood adults) appeared rather low. When these potential costs appeared high however they tended to delay first intercourse. There were no cross-level race interactions suggesting that black and white female teens respond alike to structural constraints and opportunities. These findings indicate that race differences in adolescent sexual activity and its negative consequences will continue as long as the US has segregated housing patterns.
TL;DR: This article investigated whether expectations about discourse genre influence the process and products of text comprehension and found that readers differentially allocate their processing resources according to their expectations about the genre of a text.
Abstract: This article investigates whether expectations about discourse genre influence the process and products of text comprehension. Ss read texts either with a literary story or with a news story as the purported genre. Subsequently, they verified statements pertaining to the texts. Two experiments demonstrated that Ss reading under a literary perspective had longer reading times, better memory for surface information, and a poorer memory for situational information than those reading under a news perspective. Regression analyses of reading times produced findings that were consistent with the memory data. The results support the notion that readers differentially allocate their processing resources according to their expectations about the genre of a text
TL;DR: It is shown that if knowledge of the domain is available, it is exploited by the genetic algorithm leading to an even better performance of the fuzzy controller.
Abstract: The successful application of fuzzy reasoning models to fuzzy control systems depends on a number of parameters, such as fuzzy membership functions, that are usually decided upon subjectively. It is shown in this paper that the performance of fuzzy control systems may be improved if the fuzzy reasoning model is supplemented by a genetic-based learning mechanism. The genetic algorithm enables us to generate an optimal set of parameters for the fuzzy reasoning model based either on their initial subjective selection or on a random selection. It is shown that if knowledge of the domain is available, it is exploited by the genetic algorithm leading to an even better performance of the fuzzy controller. >
[...]
15 Jan 1994-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The DO detector as discussed by the authors is a large general purpose detector for the study of short-distance phenomena in high energy antiproton-proton collisions, now in operation at the Fermilab Tevatron collider.
Abstract: The DO detector is a large general purpose detector for the study of short-distance phenomena in high energy antiproton-proton collisions, now in operation at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The detector focusses upon the detection of electrons, muons, jets and missing transverse momentum. We describe the design and performance of the major elements of the detector, including the tracking chambers, transition radiation detector, liquid argon calorimetry and muon detection. The associated electronics, triggering systems and data acquisition systems are presented. The global mechanical, high voltage, and experiment monitoring and control systems which support the detector are described. We also discuss the design and implementation of software and software support systems that are specific to DO.
TL;DR: In this paper, a luminescence study of Cm(III) has shown a linear correlation between the decay constant kobs (the reciprocal of the excited-state lifetime) and the number of water molecules nH2o in the first coordination sphere of complexes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the role played by group attitudes in mediating the impact of GDSS designs on group decision-making performance and found that group attitudes were influential in affecting group decision making performance.
Abstract: Empirical investigations of the effects of group decision support systems (GDSS) accord relatively little attention to the role of attitudes developed by groups toward the GDSS. This study draws upon the theory of social influence to examine the role played by group attitudes in mediating the impact of GDSS designs on group decision-making performance. We found that, in addition to capabilities of GDSS designs, group attitudes toward GDSS were influential in affecting group decision-making performance. The managerial implications of the study are: (1) effective GDSS designs for supporting groups in equivocal decision-making contexts should include structures for communication and consensus support and (2) attempts should be made to enhance user attitudes toward the GDSS through design features of the GDSS, training, and facilitation of positive social influences within the group. The study also provides encouraging evidence about the value of social theories, such as the social influence model and the adaptive structuration theory, in investigating GDSS effects. Further, this study illustrates the value of the partial least squares (PLS) analysis method for testing holistic structural models of GDSS effects.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a model that takes the additive structure of Aalen's model and imposes parametric constraints to obtain a semiparametric submodel, which may be more appropriate in some applications.
Abstract: SUMMARY Aalen's additive risk model allows the influence of each covariate to vary separately over time. Although allowing greater flexibility of temporal structure than a Cox model, Aalen's model is more limited in the number of covariates it can handle. We introduce a partly parametric version of Aalen's model in which the influence of only a few covariates varies nonparametrically over time, and that of the remaining covariates is constant. Efficient procedures for fitting this new model are developed and studied. The approach is applied to data from the Medical Research Council's myelomatosis trials. it is the first step of a Taylor series expansion of a general hazard function about the zero of the covariate vector. However, in estimating the unknown functions in such a general model there is a variance-bias trade-off that may be critical in small and medium samples. Also, after fitting the model one does not have parameters or formulae that are easily reported. We propose a model that takes the additive structure of Aalen's model and imposes parametric constraints to obtain a semiparametric submodel, which may be more appropriate in some applications. The model will be illustrated with data from clinical trials on myelomatosis. Covariates include treatment, sex and four age strata, which will be treated parametrically, together with serum levels of haemoglobin and f32-microglobulin, whose effects will be investigated nonparametrically. The additive form can be interpreted loosely in terms of unobserved competing risks since the hazard function for the minimum of independent random vari- ables is the sum of the hazard functions for the individual variables. Microglobulin levels are related to kidney function and tumour mass, whereas haemoglobin is unaffected by kidney function. Hence one might anticipate that the hazard function associated with each covariate represents a different cause of death.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set wind stress as input to a simple model to examine interannual sea level variability in the northern Indian Ocean.
Abstract: Monthly Indian and Pakistani sea level records, adjusted for the effect of atmospheric pressure, were used to examine interannual sea level variability in the northern Indian Ocean. The interannual sea level is correlated along the boundary. The observations hint that interannual sea level propagates along the boundary, but the evidence is not conclusive. Calculations with the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set wind stress as input to a simple model suggest that the interannual sea level signal occurs along more than 8000 km of Indian Ocean coastline extending from southern Java to Bombay and is generated remotely by zonal interannual winds blowing along the equator. The eastern Indian Ocean boundary is broken between Indonesia and Australia and examination of north- western Australian interannual sea level shows that it is not well correlated with that in the northern Indian Ocean. The northwestern Australian sea level is larger in amplitude, related to ENSO, and of Pacific origin. Calculat...
07 Dec 1994
TL;DR: This paper describes an approach for bounding the worst-case instruction cache performance of large code segments by using static cache simulation to analyze a program's control flow to statically categorize the caching behavior of each instruction.
Abstract: The use of caches poses a difficult tradeoff for architects of real-time systems. While caches provide significant performance advantages, they have also been viewed as inherently unpredictable, since the behavior of a cache reference depends upon the history of the previous references. The use of caches is only suitable for real-time systems if a reasonably tight bound on the performance of programs using cache memory can be predicted. This paper describes an approach for bounding the worst-case instruction cache performance of large code segments. First, a new method called static cache simulation is used to analyze a program's control flow to statically categorize the caching behavior of each instruction. A timing analyzer, which uses the categorization information, then estimates the worst-case instruction cache performance for each loop and function in the program. >
TL;DR: Significant differences in size between some of the British and Irish populations of the same morphospecies suggest the possibility of ecological release among Irish mustelids, whose populations originally derive from British ones.
Abstract: Five native terrestrial mustelids are found in Great Britain. Only three of these occur in Ireland. Farmed American mink have recently established feral populations on both islands. We studied inter- and intraspecific size relationships, sexual size dimor- phism, and morphological variation among these mustelids. We viewed each sex as a separate morphospecies, skull length as a measure of body size, and the upper canine tooth as the organ used to kill prey. Geographic variation was low in both islands, so we considered the mustelid population of each island a single unit. Community-wide character displacement (evidenced by equal size ratios) was found among British mustelids for canine diameter. For skull length it was seen only when the largely vermivorous badger was excluded. When we added feral mink the regular pattern disappeared, but when we substituted the mink for the polecat, which is now restricted to parts of Wales and adjacent England, community-wide character displacement was man- ifest. For Irish mustelids size ratios were not equal, but the pattern for canines was more regular than for skull lengths. Adding the local feral mink did not result in a regular pattern, but addition of the mink and exclusion of the badger yielded equal ratios for skull length but not for canines. These patterns plus published empirical data support a hypothesis of prey size partitioning. The significant differences in size between some of the British and Irish populations of the same morphospecies suggest the possibility of ecological release among Irish mustelids, whose populations originally derive from British ones. In particular, canine sexual size dimorphism is greater for Irish pine martens, stoats, and mink, as would be expected if there were fewer competitors. For the marten and the stoat, Irish females have evolved to be strikingly smaller than their British counterparts, in each case approximating the size of the male of a missing species (polecat for the marten, weasel for the stoat). For skull length there is no consistent pattern. Finally, morphological variation is greater in Ireland for five of six morphospecies, as predicted by the niche-variation hypothesis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of numerical boundary conditions simulating the presence of a solid wall for high-order finite-difference schemes using a minimum number of ghost values is proposed, which is analyzed and demonstrated by comparing the results of direct numerical simulations and exact solutions.
Abstract: High-order finite-difference schemes are less dispersive and dissipative but, at the same time, more isotropic than low-order schemes. They are well suited for solving computational acoustics problems. High-order finite-difference equations, however, support extraneous wave solutions which bear no resemblance to the exact solution of the original partial differential equations. These extraneous wave solutions, which invariably degrade the quality of the numerical solutions, are usually generated when solid-wall boundary conditions are imposed. A set of numerical boundary conditions simulating the presence of a solid wall for high-order finite-difference schemes using a minimum number of ghost values is proposed. The effectiveness of the numerical boundary conditions in producing quality solutions is analyzed and demonstrated by comparing the results of direct numerical simulations and exact solutions.
TL;DR: It is shown that PT fluorescence of HAP can serve as a protein-binding-site static-polarity calibrator, shifting from a lambda max of 612 nm in cyclohexane to 585 nm in ethanol at 298 K, contrary to the usual dispersion red shift.
Abstract: A fluorescence probe is introduced for protein conformation and binding-site monitoring as the proton-transfer (PT) tautomer fluorescence by using 4-hydroxy-5-azaphenanthrene (HAP) as a prototype. A typical grossly-wavelength-shifted PT fluorescence for HAP is observed in the 600-nm spectral region for this UV-absorbing molecule (absorption onset, 400 nm), for which case PT occurs even in protic solvents. It is shown that PT fluorescence of HAP can serve as a protein-binding-site static-polarity calibrator, shifting from a lambda max of 612 nm in cyclohexane to 585 nm in ethanol at 298 K, contrary to the usual dispersion red shift. A small mechanical solvent-cage effect is noted in ethanol at 77 K, but solvent dielectric relaxation is not apparent from the fluorescence spectrum. Thus, HAP serves to distinguish static solvent-cage polarity from dynamical solvent dielectric relaxation and other solvent-cage effects (mechanical restriction of molecular conformation). HAP as a PT-fluorescence probe is applied to human serum albumin (HSA) and beaver apomyoglobin.
TL;DR: The utility of DHF as a discriminating fluorescence probe for protein binding sites is suggested by the strong dependence of the charge-transfer fluorescence on polarity of the environment and by various static and dynamic parameters of the Charge-transfer and proton- transfer fluorescence which can be determined.
Abstract: A comparative study is presented of competitive fluorescences of three flavonols, 3-hydroxyflavone, 3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone (fisetin), and 4'-diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (DHF). The normal fluorescence S1-->S0 (400-nm region) is largely replaced by the proton-transfer tautomer fluorescence S'1-->S'0 in the 550-nm region for all three of the flavonols in aprotic solvents at room temperature. For DHF in polar solvents the normal fluorescence becomes a charge-transfer fluorescence (460-500 nm) which competes strongly with the still dominant proton-transfer fluorescence (at 570 nm). In protic solvents, and at 77 K, the interference with intramolecular hydrogen bonding gives rise to greatly enhanced normal fluorescence, lowering the quantum yield of proton-transfer fluorescence. The utility of DHF as a discriminating fluorescence probe for protein binding sites is suggested by the strong dependence of the charge-transfer fluorescence on polarity of the environment and by various static and dynamic parameters of the charge-transfer and proton-transfer fluorescence which can be determined.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that there is a fundamental instability in the asymptotic variance of wavelet estimators caused by the lack of translation invariance of the wavelet transform.
Abstract: The theory of wavelets is a developing branch of mathematics with a wide range of potential applications. Compactly supported wavelets are particularly interesting because of their natural ability to represent data with intrinsically local properties. They are useful for the detection of edges and singularities in image and sound analysis and for data compression. But most of the wavelet-based procedures currently available do not explicitly account for the presence of noise in the data. A discussion of how this can be done in the setting of some simple nonparametric curve estimation problems is given. Wavelet analogies of some familiar kernel and orthogonal series estimators are introduced, and their finite sample and asymptotic properties are studied. We discover that there is a fundamental instability in the asymptotic variance of wavelet estimators caused by the lack of translation invariance of the wavelet transform. This is related to the properties of certain lacunary sequences. The practi...
TL;DR: The results suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic status, female employment and marital dissolution rates, and peers’ departure from mainstream lifecourse trajectories influence young black women’s sexual and contraceptive behavior.
Abstract: Previous studies report that neighborhood characteristics influence pregnancy and childbearing risk among African-American adolescent women. These studies, however, leave unidentified the effects of many neighborhood properties on the proximate determinants of nonmarital fertility. In this study I examine the effects of neighborhood characteristics on the risk of nonmarital first intercourse and on contraceptive use among black female adolescents. The results suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic status, female employment and marital dissolution rates, and peers’ departure from mainstream lifecourse trajectories influence young black women’s sexual and contraceptive behavior. The effects of female employment and socioeconomic status are greater for teens in urban neighborhoods than for teens living elsewhere.