Showing papers by "Florida State University published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, a monomeric yellow green fluorescent protein, mNeonGreen, derived from a tetrameric fluorescent protein from the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum, was described.
Abstract: We report a monomeric yellow-green fluorescent protein, mNeonGreen, derived from a tetrameric fluorescent protein from the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum. mNeonGreen is the brightest monomeric green or yellow fluorescent protein yet described to our knowledge, performs exceptionally well as a fusion tag for traditional imaging as well as stochastic single-molecule superresolution imaging and is an excellent fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptor for the newest cyan fluorescent proteins.
1,043 citations
Federal Urdu University1, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution2, Columbia University3, Addis Ababa University4, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology5, University of Trieste6, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research7, University of Bergen8, University of Montpellier9, University of Chile10, Austral University of Chile11, Australian Antarctic Division12, University of Tasmania13, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration14, University of Mainz15, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden16, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology17, Chinese Academy of Sciences18, University of Melbourne19, Complutense University of Madrid20, Université catholique de Louvain21, University of the Witwatersrand22, Hydrologic Research Center23, University of Bern24, University of Helsinki25, Northern Arizona University26, Fukushima University27, Stockholm University28, Université Paris-Saclay29, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research30, University of Giessen31, Swansea University32, Desert Research Institute33, National Scientific and Technical Research Council34, British Antarctic Survey35, Nagoya University36, University of Brighton37, Florida State University38, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research39, University of Exeter40, University of New South Wales41, Centro de Estudios Científicos42, University of Florence43, University of Texas at Austin44, Russian Academy of Sciences45, University of Washington46, National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research47, University of Arizona48, Ghent University49, University of Ottawa50, University of Copenhagen51, University of Colorado Boulder52, Shinshu University53
TL;DR: The authors reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia and found that the most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century.
Abstract: Past global climate changes had strong regional expression To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971–2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years
885 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a genome-wide association study of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490 individuals, and three independent SNPs are genome wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266).
Abstract: A genome-wide association study of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent SNPs are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (R2 ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈ 2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.
791 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the four LEP experiments were combined to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory, including the branching fraction of W and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings.
684 citations
TL;DR: A new integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation is introduced that possesses a Lax pair and an infinite number of conservation laws and is PT symmetric.
Abstract: A new integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation is introduced. It possesses a Lax pair and an infinite number of conservation laws and is PT symmetric. The inverse scattering transform and scattering data with suitable symmetries are discussed. A method to find pure soliton solutions is given. An explicit breathing one soliton solution is found. Key properties are discussed and contrasted with the classical nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
682 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed description of the analysis used by the CMS Collaboration in the search for the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at the LHC, which led to the observation of a new boson.
Abstract: A detailed description is reported of the analysis used by the CMS Collaboration in the search for the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at the LHC, which led to the observation of a new boson. The data sample corresponds to integrated luminosities up to 5.1 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, and up to 5.3 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The results for five Higgs boson decay modes gamma gamma, ZZ, WW, tau tau, and bb, which show a combined local significance of 5 standard deviations near 125 GeV, are reviewed. A fit to the invariant mass of the two high resolution channels, gamma gamma and ZZ to 4 ell, gives a mass estimate of 125.3 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst) GeV. The measurements are interpreted in the context of the standard model Lagrangian for the scalar Higgs field interacting with fermions and vector bosons. The measured values of the corresponding couplings are compared to the standard model predictions. The hypothesis of custodial symmetry is tested through the measurement of the ratio of the couplings to the W and Z bosons. All the results are consistent, within their uncertainties, with the expectations for a standard model Higgs boson.
643 citations
TL;DR: This review describes the Procrustes paradigm and the current methodological toolkit of geometric morphometrics, and highlights some of the theoretical advances that have occurred over the past ten years since the prior review (Adams et al., 2004).
Abstract: Twenty years ago, Rohlf and Marcus proclaimed that a “revolution in morphometrics” was underway, where classic analyses based on sets of linear distances were being supplanted by geometric approaches making use of the coordinates of anatomical landmarks. Since that time the field of geometric morphometrics has matured into a rich and cohesive discipline for the study of shape variation and covariation. The development of the field is identified with the Procrustes paradigm, a methodological approach to shape analysis arising from the intersection of the statistical shape theory and analytical procedures for obtaining shape variables from landmark data. In this review we describe the Procrustes paradigm and the current methodological toolkit of geometric morphometrics. We highlight some of the theoretical advances that have occurred over the past ten years since our prior review (Adams et al., 2004), what types of anatomical structures are amenable to these approaches, and how they extend the reach of geometric morphometrics to more specialized applications for addressing particular biological hypotheses. We end with a discussion of some possible areas that are fertile ground for future development in the field.
588 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate individual barriers that affect consumers' evaluations of the green products found in retail outlets and conclude that altering the number and form of informational product cues may overcome purchase barriers.
586 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are presented.
575 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a large survey revealed multiple differing predictors of happiness (controlling for meaning) and meaningfulness, including worry, stress, and anxiety, which were linked to higher meaningfulness but lower happiness.
Abstract: Being happy and finding life meaningful overlap, but there are important differences A large survey revealed multiple differing predictors of happiness (controlling for meaning) and meaningfulness (controlling for happiness) Satisfying one’s needs and wants increased happiness but was largely irrelevant to meaningfulness Happiness was largely present oriented, whereas meaningfulness involves integrating past, present, and future For example, thinking about future and past was associated with high meaningfulness but low happiness Happiness was linked to being a taker rather than a giver, whereas meaningfulness went with being a giver rather than a taker Higher levels of worry, stress, and anxiety were linked to higher meaningfulness but lower happiness Concerns with personal identity and expressing the self contributed to meaning but not happiness We offer brief composite sketches of the unhappy but meaningful life and of the happy but meaningless life
559 citations
TL;DR: A controlled thermal reduction-sulfurization method is used to synthesize large-area WS2 sheets with thicknesses ranging from monolayers to a few layers, thus shedding light on the controlled production of heterolayered devices from transition metal chalcogenides.
Abstract: The isolation of few-layered transition metal dichalcogenides has mainly been performed by mechanical and chemical exfoliation with very low yields. In this account, a controlled thermal reduction–sulfurization method is used to synthesize large-area (∼1 cm2) WS2 sheets with thicknesses ranging from monolayers to a few layers. During synthesis, WOx thin films are first deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates, which are then sulfurized (under vacuum) at high temperatures (750–950 °C). An efficient route to transfer the synthesized WS2 films onto different substrates such as quartz and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids has been satisfactorily developed using concentrated HF. Samples with different thicknesses have been analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and TEM, and their photoluminescence properties have been evaluated. We demonstrated the presence of single-, bi-, and few-layered WS2 on as-grown samples. It is well known that the electronic structure of these materials is very sensitive to the number of la...
Columbia University1, Goddard Institute for Space Studies2, Centre national de la recherche scientifique3, University of Sheffield4, University of North Carolina at Wilmington5, University of Queensland6, Florida State University7, University of Texas at Austin8, University of Plymouth9, Stockholm University10, University of Southampton11, Australian National University12, University of Aberdeen13, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne14, Harvard University15, IFREMER16, University of California, Santa Cruz17
TL;DR: Climate impacts of global warming is assessed using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avoid potentially disastrous impacts on today’s young people, future generations, and nature.
Abstract: We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avoid potentially disas- trous impacts on today's young people, future genera- tions, and nature. A cumulative industrial-era limit of ,500 GtC fossil fuel emissions and 100 GtC storage in the biosphere and soil would keep climate close to the Holocene range to which humanity and other species are adapted. Cumulative emissions of ,1000 GtC, sometimes associated with 2uC global warming, would spur ''slow'' feedbacks and eventual warming of 3-4uC with disastrous consequences. Rapid emissions reduction is required to restore Earth's energy balance and avoid ocean heat uptake that would practically guarantee irreversible effects. Continuation of high fossil fuel emissions, given current knowledge of the consequences, would be an act of extraordinary witting intergenerational injustice. Re- sponsible policymaking requires a rising price on carbon emissions that would preclude emissions from most remaining coal and unconventional fossil fuels and phase down emissions from conventional fossil fuels.
TL;DR: New paradigms for the monsoon and associated ITCZ and for interannual variability have emerged, and features in the upper atmosphere, as well as the Saharan Heat Low are emphasized.
Abstract: The West African Sahel is well known for the severe droughts that ravaged the region in the 1970s and 1980s. Meteorological research on the region has flourished during the last decade as a result of several major field experiments. This paper provides an overview of the results that have ensued. A major focus has been on the West African monsoon, a phenomenon that links all of West Africa. The characteristics and revised picture of the West African monsoon are emphasized. Other topics include the interannual variability of rainfall, the atmospheric circulation systems that govern interannual variability, characteristics of precipitation and convection, wave activity, large-scale factors in variability (including sea-surface temperatures), and land-atmosphere relationships. New paradigms for the monsoon and associated ITCZ and for interannual variability have emerged. These emphasize features in the upper atmosphere, as well as the Saharan Heat Low. Feedback mechanisms have also been emphasized, especially the coupling of convection with atmospheric dynamics and with land surface characteristics. New results also include the contrast between the premonsoon and peak monsoon seasons, two preferred modes of interannual variability (a latitudinal displacement of the tropical rainbelt versus changes in its intensity), and the critical importance of the Tropical Easterly Jet.
TL;DR: Analysis of participant/descriptive, intervention, and methodological moderators shed some light on factors that may be important to the success of tailored interventions and provided further support for the differential benefits of tailored web-based interventions over nontailed approaches.
Abstract: Web-based tailored intervention programs show considerable promise in effecting health-promoting behaviors and improving health outcomes across a variety of medical conditions and patient populations. This meta-analysis compares the effects of tailored versus nontailored web-based interventions on health behaviors and explores the influence of key moderators on treatment outcomes. Forty experimental and quasi-experimental studies (N =20,180) met criteria for inclusion and were analyzed using meta-analytic procedures. The findings indicated that web-based tailored interventions effected significantly greater improvement in health outcomes as compared with control conditions both at posttesting, d =.139 (95% CI = .111, .166, p <.001, k =40) and at follow-up, d =.158 (95% CI = .124, .192, p <.001, k =21). The authors found no evidence of publication bias. These results provided further support for the differential benefits of tailored web-based interventions over nontailored approaches. Analysis of participa...
TL;DR: The history of the attempt to cast teleology out of science is reviewed, culminating in the failures of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to account adequately for action without teleology.
Abstract: Prospection (Gilbert & Wilson, 2007), the representation of possible futures, is a ubiquitous feature of the human mind. Much psychological theory and practice, in contrast, has understood human action as determined by the past and viewed any such teleology (selection of action in light of goals) as a violation of natural law because the future cannot act on the present. Prospection involves no backward causation; rather, it is guidance not by the future itself but by present, evaluative representations of possible future states. These representations can be understood minimally as “If X, then Y” conditionals, and the process of prospection can be understood as the generation and evaluation of these conditionals. We review the history of the attempt to cast teleology out of science, culminating in the failures of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to account adequately for action without teleology. A wide range of evidence suggests that prospection is a central organizing feature of perception, cognition, affect, memory, motivation, and action. The authors speculate that prospection casts new light on why subjectivity is part of consciousness, what is “free” and “willing” in “free will,” and on mental disorders and their treatment. Viewing behavior as driven by the past was a powerful framework that helped create scientific psychology, but accumulating evidence in a wide range of areas of research suggests a shift in framework, in which navigation into the future is seen as a core organizing principle of animal and human behavior.
North Carolina State University1, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2, University at Albany, SUNY3, Northern Illinois University4, University of South Carolina5, Colorado State University6, Massachusetts Institute of Technology7, National Center for Atmospheric Research8, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory9, Florida State University10, University of California, Berkeley11, Desert Research Institute12, Rutgers University13, Purdue University14, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory15, University of Colorado Boulder16, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign17
TL;DR: The state of knowledge regarding trends and an understanding of their causes for a specific subset of extreme weather and climate types is presented in this paper for severe convective storms (tornadoes, hailstorms, and severe thunderstorms).
Abstract: The state of knowledge regarding trends and an understanding of their causes is presented for a specific subset of extreme weather and climate types. For severe convective storms (tornadoes, hailstorms, and severe thunderstorms), differences in time and space of practices of collecting reports of events make using the reporting database to detect trends extremely difficult. Overall, changes in the frequency of environments favorable for severe thunderstorms have not been statistically significant. For extreme precipitation, there is strong evidence for a nationally averaged upward trend in the frequency and intensity of events. The causes of the observed trends have not been determined with certainty, although there is evidence that increasing atmospheric water vapor may be one factor. For hurricanes and typhoons, robust detection of trends in Atlantic and western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) activity is significantly constrained by data heterogeneity and deficient quantification of internal variab...
TL;DR: This work illustrates the need to match expectations between treatment and control groups with a detailed example from the video-game-training literature showing how the use of an active control group does not eliminate expectation differences.
Abstract: To draw causal conclusions about the efficacy of a psychological intervention, researchers must compare the treatment condition with a control group that accounts for improvements caused by factors other than the treatment. Using an active control helps to control for the possibility that improvement by the experimental group resulted from a placebo effect. Although active control groups are superior to "no-contact" controls, only when the active control group has the same expectation of improvement as the experimental group can we attribute differential improvements to the potency of the treatment. Despite the need to match expectations between treatment and control groups, almost no psychological interventions do so. This failure to control for expectations is not a minor omission—it is a fundamental design flaw that potentially undermines any causal inference. We illustrate these principles with a detailed example from the video-game-training literature showing how the use of an active control group does not eliminate expectation differences. The problem permeates other interventions as well, including those targeting mental health, cognition, and educational achievement. Fortunately, measuring expectations and adopting alternative experimental designs makes it possible to control for placebo effects, thereby increasing confidence in the causal efficacy of psychological interventions.
TL;DR: This review presents recent advances in laboratory methods for collection of high-throughput phylogenetic data and challenges and constraints for phylogenetic analysis of these data, and offers recommendations for the most promising protocols and data-analysis workflows currently available.
Abstract: High-throughput genomic sequencing is rapidly changing the field of phylogenetics by decreasing the cost and increasing the quantity and rate of data collection by several orders of magnitude. This deluge of data is exerting tremendous pressure on downstream data-analysis methods providing new opportunities for method development. In this review, we present (a) recent advances in laboratory methods for collection of high-throughput phylogenetic data and (b) challenges and constraints for phylogenetic analysis of these data. We compare the merits of multiple laboratory approaches, compare methods of data analysis, and offer recommendations for the most promising protocols and data-analysis workflows currently available for phylogenetics. We also discuss several strategies for increasing accuracy, with an emphasis on locus selection and proper model choice.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed studies concerned with abusive supervision and provided a constructive revision of Tepper's 2007 model and added additional variables and casual paths to increase its explanatory potential, emphasizing the importance of subordinates' individual differences such as attribution style, negative affectivity, and implicit work theories to account for significant variability in subordinates' perceptions of abuse.
Abstract: This paper reviews studies concerned with abusive supervision and provides a constructive revision of Tepper’s 2007 model. As a result of our review of the recent research, we revised the 2007 Tepper model and added additional variables and casual paths to increase its explanatory potential. The model we propose distinguishes between abusive supervisory behavior and abusive supervisory perceptions, suggesting that each of these variables needs to be studied separately until we know more about how they are related. The revised model also explicitly recognizes possibilities for reverse causation and stresses the importance of subordinates’ individual differences such as attribution style, negative affectivity, and implicit work theories, which have the potential to account for significant variability in subordinates’ perceptions of abuse. Suggestions for future research based on the original relationships identified by the Tepper review as well as the variables and causal paths suggested in the revised model are provided.
TL;DR: In this article, a vector calculus for non-local divergence, gradient, and curl operators is developed, including the definition of nonlocal divergence and the derivation of the corresponding adjoint operators.
Abstract: A vector calculus for nonlocal operators is developed, including the definition of nonlocal divergence, gradient, and curl operators and the derivation of the corresponding adjoint operators. Nonlo...
TL;DR: Evidence is found that a sense of belonging predicts how meaningful life is perceived to be and how independent evaluations of participants essays on meaning in life are evaluated.
Abstract: In four methodologically diverse studies (N = 644), we found correlational (Study 1), longitudinal (Study 2), and experimental (Studies 3 and 4) evidence that a sense of belonging predicts how meaningful life is perceived to be. In Study 1 (n = 126), we found a strong positive correlation between sense of belonging and meaningfulness. In Study 2 (n = 248), we found that initial levels of sense of belonging predicted perceived meaningfulness of life, obtained 3 weeks later. Furthermore, initial sense of belonging predicted independent evaluations of participants essays on meaning in life. In Studies 3 (n = 105) and 4 (n = 165), we primed participants with belongingness, social support, or social value and found that those primed with belongingness (Study 3) or who increased in belongingness (Study 4) reported the highest levels of perceived meaning. In Study 4, belonging mediated the relationship between experimental condition and meaning.
TL;DR: A simple climate-based model rooted in empirical data that accounts for the diversity of seasonal influenza patterns observed across temperate, subtropical and tropical climates is provided.
Abstract: Human influenza infections exhibit a strong seasonal cycle in temperate regions. Recent laboratory and epidemiological evidence suggests that low specific humidity conditions facilitate the airborne survival and transmission of the influenza virus in temperate regions, resulting in annual winter epidemics. However, this relationship is unlikely to account for the epidemiology of influenza in tropical and subtropical regions where epidemics often occur during the rainy season or transmit year-round without a well-defined season. We assessed the role of specific humidity and other local climatic variables on influenza virus seasonality by modeling epidemiological and climatic information from 78 study sites sampled globally. We substantiated that there are two types of environmental conditions associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: “cold-dry” and “humid-rainy”. For sites where monthly average specific humidity or temperature decreases below thresholds of approximately 11–12 g/kg and 18–21°C during the year, influenza activity peaks during the cold-dry season (i.e., winter) when specific humidity and temperature are at minimal levels. For sites where specific humidity and temperature do not decrease below these thresholds, seasonal influenza activity is more likely to peak in months when average precipitation totals are maximal and greater than 150 mm per month. These findings provide a simple climate-based model rooted in empirical data that accounts for the diversity of seasonal influenza patterns observed across temperate, subtropical and tropical climates.
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of two-and four-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in pPb collisions are presented over a wide range in pseudorapidity and full azimuth.
TL;DR: Algorithms are presented that overcome limitations in sCMOS-intrinsic pixel-dependent readout noise and provide unbiased, precise localization of single molecules at the theoretical limit and demonstrate single-molecule localization super-resolution imaging in fixed and living cells.
Abstract: Newly developed scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) cameras have the potential to dramatically accelerate data acquisition, enlarge the field of view and increase the effective quantum efficiency in single-molecule switching nanoscopy. However, sCMOS-intrinsic pixel-dependent readout noise substantially lowers the localization precision and introduces localization artifacts. We present algorithms that overcome these limitations and that provide unbiased, precise localization of single molecules at the theoretical limit. Using these in combination with a multi-emitter fitting algorithm, we demonstrate single-molecule localization super-resolution imaging at rates of up to 32 reconstructed images per second in fixed and living cells.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of informal institutions on formal institutions and the effects of formal institutions on inward foreign direct investment was examined by integrating prior research from multiple disciplines to identify and examine the roles of a country's formal regulatory, political, and economic institutions.
TL;DR: The authors analyzed the impact of classroom peers' ability (measured by their individual fixed effects) on student achievement for all Florida public school students in grades 3-10 over a 6-year period and found that classroom peers, as compared with the broader group of grade-level peers at the same school, exert a greater influence on individual achievement gains.
Abstract: We analyze the impact of classroom peers’ ability (measured by their individual fixed effects) on student achievement for all Florida public school students in grades 3–10 over a 6-year period. We control for both student and teacher fixed effects, thereby alleviating biases due to endogenous assignment of both peers and teachers. Under linear-in-means specifications, estimated peer effects are small to nonexistent, but we find some sizable and significant peer effects within nonlinear models. We also find that classroom peers, as compared with the broader group of grade-level peers at the same school, exert a greater influence on individual achievement gains.
TL;DR: The ESA's Planck satellite was launched 14 May 2009 and has been scanning the microwave and sub-millimetre sky continuously since 12 August 2009 as discussed by the authors, where it has measured gravitational lensing of CMB anisotropies at greater than 25 sigma.
Abstract: The ESA's Planck satellite, dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched 14 May 2009 and has been scanning the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously since 12 August 2009. This paper gives an overview of the mission and its performance, the processing, analysis, and characteristics of the data, the scientific results, and the science data products and papers in the release. The science products include maps of the CMB and diffuse extragalactic foregrounds, a catalogue of compact Galactic and extragalactic sources, and a list of sources detected through the SZ effect. The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data and a lensing likelihood are described. Scientific results include robust support for the standard six-parameter LCDM model of cosmology and improved measurements of its parameters, including a highly significant deviation from scale invariance of the primordial power spectrum. The Planck values for these parameters and others derived from them are significantly different from those previously determined. Several large-scale anomalies in the temperature distribution of the CMB, first detected by WMAP, are confirmed with higher confidence. Planck sets new limits on the number and mass of neutrinos, and has measured gravitational lensing of CMB anisotropies at greater than 25 sigma. Planck finds no evidence for non-Gaussianity in the CMB. Planck's results agree well with results from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations. Planck finds a lower Hubble constant than found in some more local measures. Some tension is also present between the amplitude of matter fluctuations derived from CMB data and that derived from SZ data. The Planck and WMAP power spectra are offset from each other by an average level of about 2% around the first acoustic peak.
TL;DR: In this article, a correlation between replication timing and the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes has been found, which suggests that replication timing is controlled at the level of chromosomal domains, and this conclusion dovetails with parallel work on the heterogeneity of origin firing and the competition between origins for limiting activators to suggest a model in which the stochastic probability of individual origin firing is modulated by chromosomal domain structure.
Abstract: Patterns of replication within eukaryotic genomes correlate with gene expression, chromatin structure, and genome evolution Recent advances in genome-scale mapping of replication kinetics have allowed these correlations to be explored in many species, cell types, and growth conditions, and these large data sets have allowed quantitative and computational analyses One striking new correlation to emerge from these analyses is between replication timing and the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes This correlation, which is significantly stronger than with any single histone modification or chromosome-binding protein, suggests that replication timing is controlled at the level of chromosomal domains This conclusion dovetails with parallel work on the heterogeneity of origin firing and the competition between origins for limiting activators to suggest a model in which the stochastic probability of individual origin firing is modulated by chromosomal domain structure to produce patterns of replication Whether these patterns have inherent biological functions or simply reflect higher-order genome structure is an open question
TL;DR: Simulations using real-world case studies illuminate several practical aspects, such as the role of noise in T-F localization, dealing with unbalanced multichannel data, and nonuniform sampling for computational efficiency.
Abstract: This article addresses data-driven time-frequency (T-F) analysis of multivariate signals, which is achieved through the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm and its noise assisted and multivariate extensions, the ensemble EMD (EEMD) and multivariate EMD (MEMD). Unlike standard approaches that project data onto predefined basis functions (harmonic, wavelet) thus coloring the representation and blurring the interpretation, the bases for EMD are derived from the data and can be nonlinear and nonstationary. For multivariate data, we show how the MEMD aligns intrinsic joint rotational modes across the intermittent, drifting, and noisy data channels, facilitating advanced synchrony and data fusion analyses. Simulations using real-world case studies illuminate several practical aspects, such as the role of noise in T-F localization, dealing with unbalanced multichannel data, and nonuniform sampling for computational efficiency.
National Institutes of Health1, University College London2, Newcastle University3, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology4, University of Antwerp5, University of Manchester6, Columbia University7, Magna Græcia University8, University of Toronto9, Sunnybrook Research Institute10, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis11, University of Cincinnati12, University of Minnesota13, University of New South Wales14, French Institute of Health and Medical Research15, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University16, Centre national de la recherche scientifique17, Florida State University18, University of Pennsylvania19, University of Washington20
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found a significant association between GBA1 mutation carrier status and DLB, with an odds ratio of 8.28 (95% CI, 4.78-14.88).
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: While mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) are associated with an increased risk for Parkinson disease (PD), it is important to establish whether such mutations are also a common risk factor for other Lewy body disorders. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether GBA1 mutations are a risk factor for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). DESIGN We compared genotype data on patients and controls from 11 centers. Data concerning demographics, age at onset, disease duration, and clinical and pathological features were collected when available. We conducted pooled analyses using logistic regression to investigate GBA1 mutation carrier status as predicting DLB or PD with dementia status, using common control subjects as a reference group. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to account for additional heterogeneity. SETTING: Eleven centers from sites around the world performing genotyping. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred twenty-one cases met diagnostic criteria for DLB and 151 had PD with dementia. We compared these cases with 1962 controls from the same centers matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of GBA1 mutations in cases and controls. RESULTS We found a significant association between GBA1 mutation carrier status and DLB, with an odds ratio of 8.28 (95% CI, 4.78-14.88). The odds ratio for PD with dementia was 6.48 (95% CI, 2.53-15.37). The mean age at diagnosis of DLB was earlier in GBA1 mutation carriers than in noncarriers (63.5 vs 68.9 years; P < .001), with higher disease severity scores. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Mutations in GBA1 are a significant risk factor for DLB. GBA1 mutations likely play an even larger role in the genetic etiology of DLB than in PD, providing insight into the role of glucocerebrosidase in Lewy body disease.