Showing papers by "Ford Motor Company published in 1986"
TL;DR: The capability indices Cp, CPU, CPL, k and Cpk are presented and related to process parameters to form a complementary system of measures of process performance.
Abstract: The capability indices Cp, CPU, CPL, k and Cpk are presented and related to process parameters These indices are shown to form a complementary system of measures of process performance, and can be used with bilateral and unilateral tolerances, with or
1,330 citations
TL;DR: The use of composites in primary structural areas of the vehicle, such as body structures, has been very limited to date as discussed by the authors, with the exception of a few specialized low volume vehicles, having been used in semi-structural or decorative parts.
211 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a submersible on a seamount off San Salvador (Bahamas) revealed a diverse multilayered macrophyte community, with net productivity levels comparable to shallow water seaweeds although receiving only 1-2% of the light energy available at the surface.
177 citations
Patent•
28 Nov 1986TL;DR: In this paper, a frequency independent beam waveguide comprises a row of equispaced identical axisymmetric phase setting, which may be lenses or reflectors, or a combination of both, spaced a distance D apart from each other.
Abstract: A frequency independent beam waveguide comprises a row of equispaced identical axisymmetric phase setting means (1), which may be lenses or reflectors, or a combination of both, spaced a distance D apart from each other. The focal length of each phase setting means (1) is D/2. A launcher (2) spaced a distance D away from the first phase setting means (1A) in the row emits a beam of electromagnetic energy in the direction of said row. The phase and amplitude distribution in the cross-section (A) of the beam at the mouth of the launcher (2) is duplicated every other phase setting means (1) along the row (at locations B), independent of the frequency of the launched beam. As a result, the beam propagates along the row.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the dynamic behavior of a monolith three-way catalysts with the ultimate goal to obtain quantitative descriptions of the transient reactions involved was conducted, with the goal of obtaining quantitative description of the reactions involved.
120 citations
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of carbonaceous aerosol, aerosol light absorption and light scattering were made at two rural sites in southwestern Pennsylvania during August 1983, and the results showed that carbon dioxide, averaging 1.3 μg m−3 at the two sites, accounted for approximately 95 % of the total light extinction.
111 citations
Patent•
07 Feb 1986TL;DR: In this paper, a method for controlling the amount of fuel mixture, including a first and second fuel of different volatility, to be supplied to an internal combustion engine includes calculating a base amount offuel mixture needed to achieve a desired air to fuel ratio at a predetermined engine operating condition.
Abstract: A method for controlling the amount of fuel mixture, including a first and second fuel of different volatility, to be supplied to an internal combustion engine includes calculating a base amount of fuel mixture needed to achieve a desired air to fuel ratio at a predetermined engine operating condition. Such a base amount of fuel mixture is modified as a function of the temperature of the internal combustion engine and is a function of the percentage of the first fuel.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, temperature distribution with an Nd3+-doped multimode optical fiber was measured to an accuracy of 2°C over the range -50°C to +100°C.
Abstract: We report the measurement of temperature distribution with an Nd3+-doped multimode optical fibre. By exploiting the temperature-sensitive absorption bands of the doped-glass core, temperature was measured to an accuracy of 2°C over the range -50°C to +100°C. A spatial resolution of 15m over a fibre length of 140m was obtained.
100 citations
Patent•
30 Oct 1986TL;DR: In this article, two highly-doped electrically semiconductive feedthrough paths are formed through one wafer, each path contacting one of the capacitive plates, and a glass layer is formed on one of them where bonding is desired between the two wafers.
Abstract: A method of bonding two silicon wafers each having a capacitive plate. Two highly-doped electrically semiconductive feedthrough paths are formed through one wafer, each path contacting one of the capacitive plates. A glass layer is formed on one of the silicon wafers where bonding is desired between the two wafers. The glass layer is anodically bonded to the other of the silicon layers.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism was used to construct and validate the reaction mechanism, which was then used to examine acetaldehyde oxidation in the negative temperature coefficient regime, and the overall rate of reaction and the properties of the Negative Temperature Coefficient regime were found to be sensitive to the competition between radical decomposition reactions and the addition of molecular oxygen to acetyl and methyl radicals.
Abstract: Acetaldehyde oxidation at temperatures between 500 and 850/sup 0/K has been studied in experiments carried out in a low-pressure static reactor and in numerical modeling calculations using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. Results of the experimental study were used to construct and validate the reaction mechanism, which was then used to examine acetaldehyde oxidation in the negative temperature coefficient regime. The overall rate of reaction and the properties of the negative temperature coefficient regime were found to be sensitive to the competition between radical decomposition reactions and the addition of molecular oxygen to acetyl and methyl radicals. Implications of the results for future kinetic modeling of engine knock are discussed.
89 citations
TL;DR: Reticulation de ces revetements: cinetique, modeles pour les reactions a forte conversion, degradation reticulante: hydrolyse and degradation photochimique as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: A finite element model of a bioprosthetic heart valve was developed and predicted an increase of stresses on the closed leaflets as the stent height was reduced, which appears to mitigate, to some extent, the hemodynamic benefits thought to accompany the reduction ofStent height of bioposthetic valves.
Patent•
06 May 1986TL;DR: In this article, a computer on the earth generates models (40, 50) of the satellite's orbit and attitude, respectively, from measurements of stars and landmarks taken by the camera (1, 2), and by range data.
Abstract: Pixels within a satellite camera (1, 2) image are precisely located in terms of latitude and longitude on a celestial body, such as the earth, being imaged. A computer (60) on the earth generates models (40, 50) of the satellite's orbit and attitude, respectively. The orbit model (40) is generated from measurements of stars and landmarks taken by the camera (1, 2), and by range data. The orbit model (40) is an expression of the satellite's latitude and longitude at the subsatellite point, and of the altitude of the satellite, as a function of time, using as coefficients (K) the six Keplerian elements at epoch. The attitude model (50) is based upon star measurements taken by each camera (1, 2). The attitude model (50) is a set of expressions for the deviations in a set of mutually orthogonal reference optical axes (x, y, z) as a function of time, for each camera (1, 2). Measured data is fit into the models (40, 50) using a walking least squares fit algorithm. A transformation computer (66 ) transforms pixel coordinates as telemetered by the camera (1, 2) into earth latitude and longitude coordinates, using the orbit and attitude models (40, 50).
TL;DR: Standardized questionnaire and physical examinations can be as sensitive as the use of unusually thorough existing occupational medical records; however, it is unclear whether the additional cost of an active surveillance system will deter the routine use of such systems.
Abstract: Surveillance for musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity in industry is in its infancy. Research efforts to elucidate the causal factors of these disorders often rely on either the analysis of existing medical records, worker compensation records (passive surveillance), or the surveying of workers with questionnaire and physical examination (active surveillance). The use of either type of data for routine surveillance presents several difficulties illustrated with the results presented in this paper. The analysis of existing records is generally less costly but the reliability of the data is difficult to assess. Standardized questionnaire and physical examinations can be as sensitive as the use of unusually thorough existing occupational medical records; however, it is unclear whether the additional cost of an active surveillance system will deter the routine use of such systems.
Patent•
22 Dec 1986
TL;DR: An on-board sensor system which compares the dielectric properties of the lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine with the non-diesel properties of unused oil in a contained volume and provides an output signal indicative of the changes in viscosity correlated to the die-lectric constant changes of the oil is presented in this article.
Abstract: An on-board sensor system which compares the dielectric properties of lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine with the dielectric properties of unused oil in a contained volume and providing an output signal indicative of the changes in viscosity correlated to the dielectric constant changes of the lubricating oil.
TL;DR: A reliability model that reflects the dynamic dependency between system failure and system stress is discussed, and a shot-noise process is used to model "residual system stress," which drives a doubly stochastic Poisson process model for system failures.
Abstract: We discuss a reliability model that reflects the dynamic dependency between system failure and system stress For example, the mortality rate for individuals who have had a heart attack declines with time In particular, we use a shot-noise process to model "residual system stress," which in turn drives a doubly stochastic Poisson process model for system failures Intuitively, residual stress or susceptibility to failure may vary in a random manner yet be essentially unobservable, while system failures may be readily detectable and observable Shot-noise distributions have a richness and subtlety that suggest untapped potential for applications The doubly stochastic Poisson process provides a reasonable framework for modeling randomly varying rates of occurrence in a broad variety of settings
TL;DR: Observations suggest a possible causative relation between the magnitude of mechanical stresses and the site of calcification of PBV leaflets.
Patent•
12 May 1986TL;DR: In this article, an adjustable stabilizer bar for a vehicle comprises a primary torsional reaction segment, which is used to adjust the torque reactive capacity of the primary reaction segment in response to manual or automatic control.
Abstract: An adjustable stabilizer bar for a vehicle comprises a primary torsional reaction segment (4), means for operatively connecting the primary reaction segment with the suspension of the vehicle roadwheels such that the primary reaction segment will be torsionally loaded during jounce and rebound motion of the roadwheels, and means (6,8,10a,10b,16,28) for selectively modifying the torque reactive capacity of the primary reaction segment. The torque reactive capacity of the primary reaction segment may be modified in response to manual or automatic controls (28).
TL;DR: In this article, the future potential for composites in these types of applications is discussed in terms of the fabrication developments which appear likely in the next decade, and several examples of composite automotive structures are described.
Patent•
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TL;DR: In this paper, an engine oil pan is divided into inner and outer parts by a funnel-like baffle with a hole in the bottom, the hole being of a controlled vertical height, the outer part being an oil reservoir connected to the engine suction side of the engine positive crankcase ventilating (PCV) system.
Abstract: An engine oil pan of the dry sump type is divided into inner and outer parts by a funnel-like baffle with a hole in the bottom, the hole being of a controlled vertical height, the outer part being an oil reservoir connected to the engine suction side of the engine positive crankcase ventilating (PCV) system, the inner part receiving the oil therein from the various engine parts and being connected to the fresh air inlet side of the PCV system, thereby, during normal engine operation, establishing a constant pressure differential across the baffle to force oil collected in the inner part through the hole into the outer part, the oil level in the inner part stabilizing at the level of the hole in the baffle, the oil in the outer part stabilizing at a level dependent upon the total quantity of oil in the system and the volume of the reservoir, thereby removing standing oil from the vicinity of the moving parts in the crankcase which reduces friction and aeration of the oil and yet provides an adequate supply of oil to the engine oil pump.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the design, fabrication, weight analysis and testing of a composite integrated rear suspension in a Ford Escort vehicle, which utilizes a transverse FRP leaf spring to integrate the functions of the stamped steel lower arms and coil springs.
Patent•
30 Oct 1986TL;DR: In this paper, an insulating layer is attached to the first and second wafers of a variable capacitance pressure sensor to prevent electrically conductive coupling between the two semiconductor paths.
Abstract: A silicon variable capacitance pressure sensor has two silicon wafers. The first wafer has a first capacitor plate contacting a highly doped first semiconductor path through the first wafer. The second wafer has a second capacitor plate contacting a highly doped second semiconductor path through the second wafer. An insulating layer is attached to the first and second wafers for preventing electrically conductive coupling between the first and second wafers, thereby reducing parasitic capacitance between the first and second semiconductor paths.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for generating the composition profiles of compound semiconductor multilayer structures while growth and composition dependent interdiffusion are simultaneously occurring is developed, and the following composition dependent intra-diffusion coefficient for HgCdTe was determined: DHg 1-xCdx(μm2/sec) = 3.15 × 1010 · 103.53x · exp(−2.24 × 104/K)
Abstract: A method for generating the composition profiles of compound semiconductor multilayer structures while growth and composition dependent interdiffusion are simultaneously occurring is developed. The following composition dependent interdiffusion coefficient for HgCdTe was determined: DHg
1-xCdx(μm2/sec) = 3.15 × 1010 · 103.53x · exp(−2.24 × 104/K) Model profiles compare favorably with experimental profiles for HgCdTe multilayer structures prepared from 180° C to 550° C by VPE, LPE, MOCVD, and UHV methods. At high temperatures, the shape of the experimental profiles are determined by interdiffusion. Because at lower temperatures experimental data is characteristic of the profiling technique, model profiles are convoluted with the resolution of the measurement technique (i.e., scanning and sputter Auger and sputter XPS) to extract the actual profiles from the data.
Patent•
28 Mar 1986TL;DR: In this paper, an automotive type diesel engine provided with a conventional fuel filter water separator has a solenoid operated drain or dump valve for removing liquid contaminant/water automatically when the contaminant or water reaches a predetermined level actuating a sensor.
Abstract: An automotive type diesel engine provided with a conventional fuel filter water separator has a solenoid operated drain or dump valve for removing liquid contaminant/water automatically when the contaminant or water reaches a predetermined level actuating a sensor. The removed contaminant or water is then inducted into the engine by means of a venturi/aspirator which in one embodiment has an outlet connected directly to the engine intake manifold to provide the necessary pressure drop or, in another turbocharged diesel engine embodiment, the boost pressure is connected to the inlet of the venturi/aspirator to again induct the liquid contaminant/water into and through the aspirator to be disposed of in the exhaust system of the engine, both embodiments thereby automatically providing for a complete disposal of liquid contaminant/water within the engine and thereby eliminating the need of a periodic draining of the same from the fuel filter by the vehicle operator, for example.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the geometry of the trigger trigger initiator on the energy absorption capacity of glass fiber reinforced plastic tubes were studied with particular reference to the effect of small samples cut from these tubes.
Patent•
11 Jul 1986TL;DR: In this article, a piezoelectric element energized to exhibit thickness-shear mode vibration is used to measure the viscosity of liquids and an inert material is bonded to the major faces of the disc shaped crystal and is of a lesser diameter than the crystal surfaces.
Abstract: A piezoelectric element energized to exhibit thickness-shear mode vibration is utilized to measure the viscosity of liquids. Electrodes, of an inert material are bonded to the major faces of the disc shaped crystal and are of a lesser diameter than the crystal surfaces so as to provide a concentric ring area of the crystal that is unenergized.
Patent•
07 May 1986TL;DR: In this paper, a cooling system for an internal combustion engine is provided with coolant paths through the cylinder block and cylinder head which are connected in serial fluid communication with each other.
Abstract: A cooling system for an internal combustion engine is provided with coolant paths through the cylinder block and cylinder head which are connected in serial fluid communication with each other In parallel with the cooling path through the cylinder head, a first drain is connected in serial fluid communication with a pressure responsive valve and the path through the cylinder block A temperature responsive valve 64 is connected in serial fluid communication with the cylinder head path and in parallel fluid communication with the first drain A pump is provided to induce fluid flow through the first and second coolant conduits and the first and second drains, depending on the space of the pressure responsive valve and the temperature responsive valve
Patent•
04 Dec 1986TL;DR: A diagnostic microscope slide includes a base plate and a cover plate as discussed by the authors, each of which has an upper surface from which a plurality of ring-shaped walls extend, each surrounding a shallow well for holding a biological sample.
Abstract: A diagnostic microscope slide includes a base plate and a cover plate. The base plate has an upper surface from which a plurality of ring-shaped walls extend, each surrounding a shallow well for holding a biological sample. The portions of the base plate directly beneath each sample well form a thin transparent bottom lens that defines the bottom of that sample well. The cover plate includes an upper surface and a lower surface having a plurality of cover lens recesses into which the respective ring shaped walls extend when the cover plate is in place on the base plate. The top of each cover plate recess in the cover plate is defined by a thin transparent cover lens. The bottom surface of each cover lens rests on and forms a seal with the upper rim surface of the ring shaped wall, thereby preventing migration of biological sample material from one sample well to another. Alignment pins extend into holes of the base plate to provide a frictional, snap-fit attachment of the cover plate to the base plate, sealing various biological samples in the various sample wells.