Institution
Ford Motor Company
Company•Dearborn, Michigan, United States•
About: Ford Motor Company is a company organization based out in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Signal. The organization has 36123 authors who have published 51450 publications receiving 855200 citations. The organization is also known as: Ford Motor & Ford Motor Corporation.
Topics: Internal combustion engine, Signal, Clutch, Control theory, Torque
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: M Males and females with nicotine dependence had increased odds for alcohol and illicit drug disorders, major depression, and anxiety disorders, compared with nondependent smokers and nonsmokers combined, and major depression and any anxiety disorder were associated specifically with nicotine addiction.
Abstract: Recent epidemiologic studies have revealed that comorbidity of psychiatric disorders is far more pervasive than previously suspected. Strong associations have been reported between specific substance use disorders and between any mental disorder and any substance use disorder. This report focuses on comorbidity of nicotine dependence, a substance use disorder on which little epidemiologic information is available. Data come from an epidemiologic study of approximately 1000 young adults in southeast Michigan, in which the NIMH-DIS, revised according to DSM-III-R, was used. Lifetime prevalence of nicotine dependence was 20%. Males and females with nicotine dependence had increased odds for alcohol and illicit drug disorders, major depression, and anxiety disorders, compared with nondependent smokers and nonsmokers combined. Major depression and any anxiety disorder were associated specifically with nicotine dependence. Increased odds for alcohol or illicit drug disorders were observed also in nondependent smokers, compared to nonsmokers. History of early conduct problems increased the odds for nicotine dependence among smokers. Potential mechanisms in the comorbidity of nicotine dependence are discussed.
397 citations
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395 citations
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TL;DR: Detailed policy roadmaps and technical options related to these future emission reductions for governmental stakeholders are provided.
395 citations
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TL;DR: A differential mRNA display analysis comparing six GBM-derived primary cell cultures from patients having tumors with varied histomorphological features suggests that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) and CXCR4 expressions may serve to characterize subsets of GBMs.
Abstract: Glioblastoma
multiforme (GBM) tumors display extensive histomorphological
heterogeneity, with great variability in the extent of invasiveness,
angiogenesis, and necrosis. The identification of genes associated with
these phenotypes should further the molecular characterization,
permitting better definition of glioma subsets that may ultimately lead
to better treatment strategies. Therefore, we performed a differential
mRNA display analysis comparing six GBM-derived primary cell cultures
from patients having tumors with varied histomorphological features. We
identified stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) as a
gene with varied expression. SDF1 (cytokine) and CXC chemokine
receptor 4 (CXCR4) interactions are implicated in modulating cell
migration. They are also implicated in modulating the immune response
in AIDS patients by macrophage-mediated T-cell apoptosis. GBM patients
also fail to mount an immune response, although their tumors are
seemingly exposed to immune cells in regions of angiogenesis, where the
blood-brain barrier is absent, or in areas of necrosis. To determine
whether the expression and localization of SDF1 and CXCR4 are
consistent with such a role in these brain tumors, immunohistochemical
analyses of these proteins were performed on normal brain and
astrocytomas (grades II-IV). In normal brain tissue, low levels of SDF1
(0.5+) were observed in astrocytic processes, in neurons, and in the
occasional phagocytic cells around vessels. CXCR4 expression was
negative in brain tissue but was observed in phagocytic cells within
the vessel lumen. In tumors, SDF1 and CXCR4 expression was colocalized
when both were expressed, and SDF1 and CXCR4 expression
increased with increasing tumor grade (from 0.5+ to 6+).
Additionally, CXCR4 was expressed in neovessel endothelial cells. The
proteins were expressed in regions of angiogenesis and degenerative,
necrotic, and microcystic changes. Those tumors displaying greater
amounts of these features had greater staining intensity of the
proteins. The expression of SDF1 and CXCR4 did not colocalize with the
proliferation marker MIB-1. Thus, our data suggest that SDF1 and CXCR4
expressions: (a) increase with increasing grade;
(b) colocalize to regions within these tumors where
their interaction may contribute to angiogenesis and/or modulation of
the immune response; and (c) may serve to characterize
subsets of GBMs.
394 citations
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TL;DR: Progress in this field is hampered by the inability to study cardiomyocytes from early, embryonal hearts because of their very small size and because of the lack of cardiac cell lines that mimic various stages of cardiac development.
Abstract: Time for primary review 20 days.
In order to study cardiac myocyte development different approaches were established during the last decades. The main purpose of these studies was the differentiation of cardiac precursor cells into specialized, differentiated cell types, as well as the development of functional properties such as Ca2+ handling, rhythm generation and excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes during development. Although considerable data exist about skeletal myogenesis [1–3], limited knowledge is available with regard to the origin of the commitment and differentiation of cardiac cells. A comprehensive, morphological study on the cytodifferentiation from mesenchymal cells into cardiac myocytes is described in the embryonic murine heart [4]: According to the authors, different stages of myofibrillogenesis are present during embryological myocardial development. Cells with no or only little myofibrillar arrangement develop to myocardial cells with orientated myofibrils [5, 6]. A number of morphological studies have investigated heart development on embryonic, neonatal and adult isolated cardiomyocytes also from different species [7–16].
Although the ultrastructure during cardiac development has been thoroughly investigated [17], still relatively little is known on the development of excitability of the mammalian heart, most importantly: (1): The relation between expression of cardio-specific genes (see review [23]), the formation of cardiac phenotypes and the functional expression of different types of ion channels; (2): The regulation and genetic control of expression of ion channels (e.g. by growth factors, hormones, extracellular matrix); (3): The development of the regulation of ion channels and morphological correlates. The progress in this field is hampered by the inability to study cardiomyocytes from early, embryonal hearts because of their very small size and because of the lack of cardiac cell lines that mimic various stages of cardiac development. The development of ion currents has been studied in cardiomyocytes prepared from mammalian embryos …
* Corresponding author. Tel.: (+49-221) 4786960; Fax: (+49-221) 4786965.
393 citations
Authors
Showing all 36140 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Markus Antonietti | 176 | 1068 | 127235 |
Christopher M. Dobson | 150 | 1008 | 105475 |
Jack Hirsh | 146 | 734 | 86332 |
Galen D. Stucky | 144 | 958 | 101796 |
Federico Capasso | 134 | 1189 | 76957 |
Peter Stone | 130 | 1229 | 79713 |
Gerald R. Crabtree | 128 | 371 | 60973 |
Douglas A. Lauffenburger | 122 | 705 | 55326 |
Abass Alavi | 113 | 1298 | 56672 |
Mark E. Davis | 113 | 568 | 55334 |
Keith Beven | 110 | 514 | 61705 |
Naomi Breslau | 107 | 254 | 42029 |
Fei Wang | 107 | 1824 | 53587 |
Jun Yang | 107 | 2090 | 55257 |