Ford Motor Company

About: Ford Motor Company is a company organization based out in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Clutch. The organization has 36123 authors who have published 51450 publications receiving 855200 citations. The organization is also known as: Ford Motor & Ford Motor Corporation.

Augmentation of tendon healing in an intraarticular bone tunnel with use of a bone growth factor

Abstract: We hypothesized that an exogenous bone growth factor could augment healing of a tendon graft in a bone tunnel in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament-reconstruction model. Seventy rabbits underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with a semitendinosus tendon graft. One limb received a collagen sponge carrier vehicle containing a mixture of bone-derived proteins while the contralateral limb was treated with either no sponge or a sponge without bone-derived proteins. The reconstruction was evaluated at 2, 4, or 8 weeks with histologic, biomechanical, and magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Histologic analysis demonstrated that specimens treated with bone-derived proteins had a more consistent, dense interface tissue and closer apposition of new bone to the graft, with occasional formation of a fibrocartilaginous interface, when compared with control specimens. The treated specimens had significantly higher load-to-failure rates than did control specimens. Treatment with bone-derived proteins resulted in an average increase in tensile strength of 65%. The treated specimens were stronger than control specimens at each time point, but the difference was greatest at 8 weeks. On the basis of signal characteristics and new bone formation, magnetic resonance imaging was useful for predicting which limb was treated, the site of failure, and the limbs with higher load-to-failure values. This study demonstrates the potential for augmenting tendon healing in an intraarticular bone tunnel using an osteoinductive growth factor.

Entrainment and Inlet Suction: Two Mechanisms of Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Textured Bearings

Abstract: A new mechanism of hydrodynamic lubrication termed "inlet suction, " applicable to low convergence, micropocketed bearings, has been identified. In this, sliding of one of the bearing surfaces generates a subambient pressure in pockets close to the bearing inlet. Because this pressure is less than the external atmospheric pressure, lubricant is "sucked" into the bearing through the inlet land. This is quite a different mechanism from classical entrainment due to shear. In the current paper flow, hydrodynamic load support and friction are calculated using analytical solutions for simple pocketed bearings having a wide range of convergence ratios, including parallel surfaces. It is found that for the parallel case, inlet suction provides the only mechanism of hydrodynamic load support, and that inlet suction continues to play a major role in load support and friction reduction up to quite high convergence ratios. This mechanism of lubrication is believed to be responsible for the enhanced lubricant film formation and reduced friction of textured bearings, previously reported by a number of authors.

On ray tracing parametric surfaces

Abstract: A new method for ray tracing parametric surfaces is presented. The new algorithm solves the ray surface intersection directly using multivariate Newton iteration. This provides enough generality to render surfaces which could not be ray traced using existing methods. To overcome the problem of finding a starting point for the Newton algorithm, techniques from Interval Analysis are employed. The results are presented in terms of solving a general nonlinear system of equations f(x)= 0, and thus can be extended to a large class of problems which arise in computer graphics.

Identification of two types of oxidized palladium on γ-alumina by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract: It was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that oxidized palladium supported on γ-alumina can exist in two chemically different entities, distinguishable by their observed electron binding energies and by selective reduction. Larger oxidized particles are characterized by a binding energy attributed to PdO. This oxide is reduced to metallic palladium at room temperature in hydrogen, as would be expected for bulk PdO. On the other hand, at low palladium loadings of 0.5 wt.-% and less, the majority of the palladium is present at a binding energy shifted approximately 1.6 eV higher than that observed for PdO. The shift appears to be associated with a metal-support interaction at concentrations where the palladium is highly dispersed. Contrary to that observed at loadings greater than 0.5 wt.-%, this palladium remains mostly oxidized when exposed to hydrogen at room temperature. The results are compared with literature data reported for platinum/γ-alumina.