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Institution

Forest Research Institute

FacilityDehra Dūn, India
About: Forest Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Dehra Dūn, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Forest management. The organization has 5320 authors who have published 7625 publications receiving 185876 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the nitrogen content, carboxyl content and total ether content were determined for carbamoylethylation of Cassia tora gum with acrylamide under different reaction conditions.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Biome-BGCMuSo (Biome-bGC with multilayer soil module) version 4.1.1 was used as a base model as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: . The process-based biogeochemical model Biome-BGC was enhanced to improve its ability to simulate carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles of various terrestrial ecosystems under contrasting management activities. Biome-BGC version 4.1.1 was used as a base model. Improvements included addition of new modules such as the multilayer soil module, implementation of processes related to soil moisture and nitrogen balance, soil-moisture-related plant senescence, and phenological development. Vegetation management modules with annually varying options were also implemented to simulate management practices of grasslands (mowing, grazing), croplands (ploughing, fertilizer application, planting, harvesting), and forests (thinning). New carbon and nitrogen pools have been defined to simulate yield and soft stem development of herbaceous ecosystems. The model version containing all developments is referred to as Biome-BGCMuSo (Biome-BGC with multilayer soil module; in this paper, Biome-BGCMuSo v4.0 is documented). Case studies on a managed forest, cropland, and grassland are presented to demonstrate the effect of model developments on the simulation of plant growth as well as on carbon and water balance.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was proposed that academicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry and regulators work together to evaluate and validate alternative methods that are based on both the underlying science and are adapted to the drug product itself instead of single “universal” method.
Abstract: This paper summarises the proceedings of a recent workshop which brought together pharmaceutical scientists and dermatologists from academia, industry and regulatory agencies to discuss current regulatory issues and industry practices for establishing therapeutic bioequivalence (BE) of dermatologic topical products. The methods currently available for assessment of BE were reviewed as well as alternatives and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were considered. Guidance on quality and performance of topical products was reviewed and a framework to categorise existing and alternative methods for evaluation of BE was discussed. The outcome of the workshop emphasized both a need for greater attention to quality, possibly, via a Quality-By-Design (QBD) approach and a need to develop a "whole toolkit" approach towards the problem of determination of rate and extent in the assessment of topical bioavailability. The discussion on the BE and clinical equivalence of topical products revealed considerable concerns about the variability present in the current methodologies utilized by the industry and regulatory agencies. It was proposed that academicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry and regulators work together to evaluate and validate alternative methods that are based on both the underlying science and are adapted to the drug product itself instead of single "universal" method.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In general, foliar uptake followed an exponential timecourse which was largely complete within 6 h and only rarely approached 100% of the applied chemical.
Abstract: Radiolabelled deoxyglucose (DOG) and glyphosate were used to investigate the effects of certain non-ionic surfactants on the kinetics of foliar uptake in three species. ‘Silwet L-77’ (5 g litre−1), an organosilicone surfactant, enabled spray solutions to infiltrate stomata, providing uptake of DOG into Vicia bean (50%), oat (35%) and wheat (20%) within 10 min of application. ‘Silwet Y-12301’, another organosilicone, also induced stomatal infiltration but to a lesser extent; unlike L-77, this was attenuated by partial stomatal closure. A third organosilicone, ‘Silwet L-7607’, and two conventional surfactants, ‘Triton X-45’ (OP5) and ‘Agral 90’ (NP9), did not induce stomatal infiltration. The effective minimum concentration of L-77 required to enable infiltration of stomata was 2 g litre−1. The uptake of glyphosate into bean did not differ from that of DOG but the ‘Roundup’ formulation of glyphosate partially antagonised the infiltration provided by L-77. Addition of surfactants did not increase the rate of cuticular penetration of DOG into bean but total uptake was increased, except by NP9, either via infiltration (L-77 and Y-12301) or by extending the period during which penetration occurred (L-7607 and OP5). The surfactants had a variable effect on rates of penetration of DOG into wheat and oat. In general, foliar uptake followed an exponential timecourse which was largely complete within 6 h and only rarely approached 100% of the applied chemical. The stomatal infiltration provided by L-77 caused an increase in translocation of DOG in bean.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the efficiency of fine-scale diversity hotspots to capture threatened species in northern forests, including vascular plants, bryophytes, macrolichens, and polypore fungi.
Abstract: : To evaluate the efficiency by which fine-scale diversity hotspots capture threatened species in northern forests, we investigated the spatial distribution of vascular plants, bryophytes, macrolichens, and polypore fungi with 1-ha resolution (in 0.25-ha plots) within six approximately 2-km2 forest landscapes in Norway. Of 1295 recorded species (118,000 records), 62 species (842 records) were on the Norwegian Red List, of which 7 species (12 records) were new to Norway. We studied the degree of clustering of different red-listed species among plots by comparing observed co-occurrence of red-listed species to a null model of random co-occurrence. Red-listed species were moderately clustered within study areas but less so within each forest type. Clustering was similar for areas with high and low densities of red-listed species. However, the proportion of records captured in rarity hotspots (plots with the highest number of red-listed species) depended on both the total number of records of red-listed species per area and the degree of clustering of species among plots. The 5% highest-ranking rarity hotspots captured, on average, 59% of red-listed species and 23% of all records of red-listed species in study areas, compared with 56% and 18% captured by hotspots selected from a random distribution of species, respectively. Hotspots based on the most species-rich plots (richness hotspots) were significantly less effective than rarity hotspots in capturing red-listed species and their records. Based on the observed pattern of species co-occurrence and the high proportion of area seemingly occupied by red-listed species in mature forest, we hypothesize that 20–25% of the populations of red-listed species may be located within rarity hotspots constituting 5% at the scale of 1 ha. We conclude that limited spatial overlap of species constitutes an important constraint on the efficiency of a fine-scale hotspot conservation strategy, such as the “woodland key habitats” (0.1–10 ha) currently mapped and protected in northern European forests. Resumen: Para evaluar la eficiencia de la captacion de especies amenazadas en bosques boreales, investigamos la distribucion espacial de plantas vasculares, briofitas, macroliquenes y un hongo poliporaceo con una resolucion de 1 ha (parcelas de 0.25 ha) en seis paisajes boscosos de ∼2-km2 en Noruega. De 1295 especies registradas (118,000 registros), 62 especies (842 registros) estaban en La Lista Roja Noruega, de las cuales 7 especies (12 registros) fueron nuevas para Noruega. Estudiamos el nivel de agrupamiento de las diferentes especies en listas rojas entre parcelas comparando la co-ocurrencia observada de especies en listas rojas con un modelo nulo de co-ocurrencia aleatoria. Las especies en listas rojas estaban moderadamente agrupadas dentro de las areas de estudio, mas que dentro de cada tipo de bosque. EL agrupamiento fue similar en areas con densidades altas y bajas de especies en listas rojas. Sin embargo, la proporcion de registros captados en areas de rareza critica (parcelas con el mayor numero de especies en listas rojas) dependio tanto del numero total de registros de especies en listas rojas por area y el nivel de agrupamiento de especies entre parcelas. El 5% de las areas de rareza critica de mayor categoria captaron, en promedio, al 59% de las especies en listas rojas y al 23% de todos los registros de especies en listas rojas en areas de estudio, comparado con 56% y 18% captadas por areas criticas seleccionadas de una distribucion aleatoria de especies, respectivamente. Areas criticas basadas en las parcelas con mayor riqueza de especies (areas de riqueza critica) fueron significativamente menos eficientes que areas de rareza critica en la captacion de especies en listas rojas y sus registros. Con base en el patron de co-ocurrencia de especies observado y en la alta proporcion de area aparentemente ocupada por especies en listas rojas en bosques maduros, proponemos la hipotesis de que 20–25% de las poblaciones de especies en listas rojas pueden estar localizadas dentro de areas de rareza critica que constituyen 5% a la escala de 1 ha. Concluimos que el traslape espacial limitado de especies constituye una importante limitacion para la eficiencia de una estrategia de conservacion de areas criticas a escala fina, tal como los “habitats boscosos clave” (0.1–10 ha) mapeados y protegidos actualmente en bosques boreales de Europa.

54 citations


Authors

Showing all 5332 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Kari Alitalo174817114231
Jaakko Kaprio1631532126320
Glenn D. Prestwich8869042758
John K. Volkman7821221931
Petri T. Kovanen7743227171
Hailong Wang6964719652
Mika Ala-Korpela6531918048
Heikki Henttonen6427114536
Zhihong Xu5743811832
Kari Pulkki5421511166
Louis A. Schipper531929224
Sang Young Lee532719917
Young-Joon Ahn522889121
Venkatesh Narayanamurti492589399
Francis M. Kelliher491248599
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20236
202226
2021504
2020503
2019440
2018381