Institution
Forest Research Institute
Facility•Dehra Dūn, India•
About: Forest Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Dehra Dūn, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Forest management. The organization has 5320 authors who have published 7625 publications receiving 185876 citations.
Topics: Population, Forest management, Picea abies, Forest ecology, Scots pine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, long-term trends in sulphate concentrations and fluxes in precipitation/throughfall and freshwaters of 20 European catchments were analysed to evaluate catchment response to decreasing sulphate deposition.
Abstract: Following the decline in sulphur deposition in Europe, sulphate dynamics of catchments and the reversibility of anthropogenic acidification of soils and freshwaters became of major interest Long-term trends in sulphate concentrations and fluxes in precipitation/throughfall and freshwaters of 20 European catchments were analysed to evaluate catchment response to decreasing sulphate deposition Sulphate deposition in the catchments studied declined by 38-82% during the last decade Sulphate concentrations in all freshwaters decreased significantly, but acidification reversal was clearly delayed in the German streams In Scandinavian streams and Czech/Slovakian lakes sulphate concentrations responded quickly to decreased input Sulphate fluxes in run-off showed no clear trend in Germany and Italy but decreased in Scandinavia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia The decrease, however, was less than the decline in input fluxes While long-term sulphate output fluxes from catchments were generally correlated to input fluxes, most catchments started a net release of sulphate during the early 1990s Release of stored sulphate leads to a delay of acidification reversal and can be caused by four major processes Desorption and excess mineralisation were regarded as the most important for the catchments investigated, while oxidation and weathering were of lesser importance for the long-term release of sulphate Input from weathering has to be considered for the Italian catchments Sulphate fluxes in German catchments, with deeply weathered soils and high soil storage capacity, responded more slowly to decreased deposition than catchments in Scandinavia and the Czech Republic/Slovakia, which have thin soils and relatively small sulphate storage For predictions of acidification reversal, soil characteristics, sulphur pools and their dynamics have to be evaluated in future research Keywords: acidification reversal, sulphur, sulphate release, Europe, catchments, deposition, lake, stream
135 citations
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TL;DR: Horseradish, anise and garlic oils showed the most potent insecticidal activities among the plant essential oils, followed by trans-anethole, diallyl disulfide and p-anisaldehyde, which was the most toxic.
Abstract: Plant essential oils from 40 plant species were tested for their insecticidal activities against larvae of Lycoriella ingenue (Dufour) using a fumigation bioassay. Good insecticidal activity against larvae of L. ingenua was achieved with essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Eucalyptus smithii RT Baker, horseradish, anise and garlic at 10 and 5 µL L−1 air. Horseradish, anise and garlic oils showed the most potent insecticidal activities among the plant essential oils. At 1.25 µL L−1, horseradish, anise and garlic oils caused 100, 93.3 and 13.3% mortality, but at 0.625 µL L−1 air this decreased to 3.3, 0 and 0% respectively. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of one major compound from horseradish, and three each from anise and garlic oils. These seven compounds and m-anisaldehyde and o-anisaldehyde, two positional isomers of p-anisaldehyde, were tested individually for their insecticidal activities against larvae of L. ingenua. Allyl isothiocyanate was the most toxic, followed by trans-anethole, diallyl disulfide and p-anisaldehyde with LC50 values of 0.15, 0.20, 0.87 and 1.47 µL L−1 respectively. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
135 citations
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01 Jan 1988TL;DR: A subculturable meristematic tissue system capable of plantlet regeneration has been developed for Pinus radiata and genetic stability and automation, two prerequisites for commercial use, are discussed as well as the potential for gene transfer.
Abstract: A subculturable meristematic tissue system capable of plantlet regeneration has been developed for Pinus radiata. Multiplication was achieved by the continuous production of meristematic tissue on a modified Lepoivre medium containing 5 mg/1 BAP (LP5). This tissue has been maintained for 2.5 years to date. Meristematic nodules multiplied for one year consisted of three zones: the outer meristematic layer, a bulky layer of vacuolated cells, and friable cells containing tannins and degrading cell walls. Cavities (hollows) were often present near the center of meristematic nodules. Natural separation of meristematic nodules contributed to the multiplication process. Factors affecting the success of the system were studied because there was a large variation in response. Embryos formed shoots and multipliable meristematic tissue in similar percentages. Seedlot was not a major factor in multiplication of meristematic tissue. Half-strength LP5 medium proved best for the first 12 weeks in culture, whereas LP5 medium proved best after six months in culture. Both gelrite and liquid induced vitrification, and habituation on LP5 medium had not occurred after 20 months in culture. One of the best embryos produced 5,480 pieces of meristematic tissue in 13.5 months. In a separate experiment with the same clone, an average of 68.4 shoots elongated from each piece of tissue. It was estimated that 260,000 trees could be produced from a single, good reacting seed in 2.5 years. Genetic stability and automation, two prerequisites for commercial use, are also discussed as well as the potential for gene transfer.
135 citations
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TL;DR: The discovery of O. himal-ulmi should help resolve the problem of the origins of Dutch elm disease, while the occurrence of an apparently endemic DutchElm disease system in the Himalayas may present new opportunities for the biological control of the disease elsewhere.
135 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that the dispersal and flight behaviour of the beetles reduces the effectiveness of mass trapping as a control strategy and is hypothesized that a decreasing I. typographus population suffer a high mortality caused by predation and parasitism.
Abstract: Experiments and observations were made to study the flight behaviour and dispersal of I. typographus at a hibernation size, inside a forest area and between forest areas, respectively in relation to sex, size and fat content. The following results and conclusions are reached.
Ips typographus beetles grown up in standing trees leave the tree to hibernate in the soil. The beetles hibernate in the soil 0–5 m from the tree in which they has grown up. During hibernation the beetles' fat content reduces with about 50% and when the beetles emerge at springtime, they may react directly to pheromones.
In one day Ips typographus beetles can disperse over long distances (up to 750 m), and a homogenous distribution of the beetles over the forest area is reached as long as no pheromone sources exist that aggregate the beetles. The beetles are able to disperse over long distances (> 8 km) outside forest areas.
The flight intensity of the beetles is positively correlated with temperature; at wind speeds over 1 m sec−1 the beetles fly mostly with the wind, at lower wind speeds they tend to fly against the wind after contact with pheromones.
The dispersal and flight behaviour is not affected by the beetle's sex, size or fat content.
The adult beetles that re-emerge from a tree to establish a second brood are at average larger than the beetles that remain in the tree; the males have built up a new fat reserve before they re-emerge.
It is suggested that the dispersal and flight behaviour of the beetles reduces the effectiveness of mass trapping as a control strategy.
It is hypothesized that a decreasing I. typographus population suffer a high mortality caused by predation and parasitism.
Zusammenfassung
Zerstreuung und Flugverhalten des Fichtenborkenkafers Iyps typographus in Beziehung zu Geschlecht, Grose und Fettgehalt
Experimente und Beobachtungen uber das Flugverhalten und die Zerstreuung der Kafer von I. typographus am Uberwinterungsort sowie allgemein innerhalb und auserhalb von Waldern unter Berucksichtigung des Geschlechts, der Grose und des Fettgehalts fuhrten zu folgenden Ergebnissen.
Die I. typographus-Kafer, die sich in stehenden Baumen entwickelten, verlassen diese, um im Boden in 0–5 m Entfernung von ihrem Entwicklungsbaum zu uberwintern. Wahrend der Uberwinterung verringert sich ihr Fettgehalt um etwa 50%. Wenn die Kafer im Fruhjahr den Boden verlassen, konnen sie direkt auf Pheromone reagieren. Innerhalb eines Tages konnen die Kafer von I. typographus sich uber ein groseres Areal (bis zu 750 m) zerstreuen. Solange sie nicht von Pheromonen aggregiert werden, ist ihre Verteilung im Wald homogen. Auserhalb des Waldes sind die Kafer imstande, lange Distanzen (uber 8 km) zu fliegen. Die Flugintensitat war mit der Temperatur positiv korreliert. Bei Windgeschwindigkeiten uber 1 m/s flogen die Kafer meist mit dem Wind; bei geringerer Windstarke zeigten sie die Tendenz, nach Rezeption von Pheromonen gegen den Wind zu fliegen. Die Zerstreuung und das Flugverhalten wurden vom Geschlecht, der Grose und dem Fettgehalt des Kafers nicht beeinflust. Die adulten Kafer, die einen Baum verlassen, um eine 2. Brut anzulegen, waren im Mittel groser als solche, die im Baum verblieben. Die Weibchen hatten einen neuen Fettkorper aufgebaut, bevor sie den Stamm verliesen.
Es ist anzunehmen, das die Zerstreuung und das Flugverhalten der Kafer die Wirksamkeit des Massenfangs als Bekampfungsmasnahme verringert. Es wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, das eine abnehmende I. typographus-Population eine hohe Mortalitat durch rauberische und parasitische Feinde erleidet.
134 citations
Authors
Showing all 5332 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Kari Alitalo | 174 | 817 | 114231 |
Jaakko Kaprio | 163 | 1532 | 126320 |
Glenn D. Prestwich | 88 | 690 | 42758 |
John K. Volkman | 78 | 212 | 21931 |
Petri T. Kovanen | 77 | 432 | 27171 |
Hailong Wang | 69 | 647 | 19652 |
Mika Ala-Korpela | 65 | 319 | 18048 |
Heikki Henttonen | 64 | 271 | 14536 |
Zhihong Xu | 57 | 438 | 11832 |
Kari Pulkki | 54 | 215 | 11166 |
Louis A. Schipper | 53 | 192 | 9224 |
Sang Young Lee | 53 | 271 | 9917 |
Young-Joon Ahn | 52 | 288 | 9121 |
Venkatesh Narayanamurti | 49 | 258 | 9399 |
Francis M. Kelliher | 49 | 124 | 8599 |