Forest Research Institute

About: Forest Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Dehra Dūn, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Forest management. The organization has 5320 authors who have published 7625 publications receiving 185876 citations.

Preferential binding to dopamine D3 over D2 receptors by cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia using PET with the D3/D2 receptor ligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO

Abstract: Rationale Second-generation antipsychotics occupy dopamine D2 receptors and act as antagonists or partial agonists at these receptors. While these drugs alleviate positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, they are less effective for treating cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. Dopamine D3 receptors are highly expressed in areas of the brain thought to play a role in the regulation of motivation and reward-related behavior. Consequently, the dopamine D3 receptor has become a target for treating negative symptoms in combination with D2 antagonism to treat positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Induced Resistance to Pathogenic Fungi in Norway Spruce

Abstract: Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) trees (approximately 16 m high) of a single clone were used to study the effects of fungal infection and wounding on induction of resistance to the bark beetle-associated bluestain fungus Ceratocystis polonica . A dose-response experiment was designed involving three different dosages of fungal (fungus and wound) and sterile agar (wound) pretreatment inoculations (10, 50, or 100 inoculations/m 2 on the stem between 0.8 and 2.0 m high). Three weeks after pretreatment, trees were challenged with a massive C. polonica inoculation (400 inoculations/m 2 ). Control trees that received no pretreatment were heavily colonized and killed by the challenge inoculation. The high and medium fungal pretreatments reduced subsequent fungal colonization success by 76% to 97% relative to the control, and fungal pretreatments protected the trees much more efficiently than sterile agar pretreatments. The protection was demonstrated to be local and not systemic in a subsequent experiment, where trees were pretreated with the medium fungal dosage on the lower bole and challenge inoculated further up the stem. Protection was also demonstrated to be pathogen nonspecific, as trees that had been pretreated with a medium dosage of the root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum showed enhanced resistance to challenge inoculation with C. polonica .

Resource dynamic plays a key role in regional fluctuations of the spruce bark beetles Ips typographus

Abstract: 1 We analysed time series of spruce bark beetles (Nt) caught in pheromone traps from 1979 to 2000 in approximately 100 localities throughout south-east Norway. 2 The analysis was performed at two spatial scales (whole area and 12 subregions), and included additional analyses of the time-series sequences before and after a large windfelling (1987) that appeared to induce a shift in the dynamics. 3 Regression of Rt (logarithmic per-capita growth rate) on Nt − d indicated that the endogenous dynamics were dominated by lag 1 density dependence. This was particularly so in the sequence after the large windfelling (R2 = 0.79), probably due to intraspecific competition for breeding substrate. 4 The sequence before the windfelling (1979–1987) was declining without significant density dependence. We suggest this to be a transition period, reflecting a drop in carrying capacity due to depletion of susceptible trees during the preceding outbreak period (1970s) and a drop in beetle number to below the density required to kill trees. 5 Windfelling (Wt − 1) appears to be an important predictor of the dynamics; however, it was difficult to evaluate the statistical significance of this factor due to only one large windfall event. 6 The weak influence of drought stress (Dt − 1) could be due to the absence of severe drought periods within the time series.

Steam Explosion of the Softwood Pinus Radiata with Sulphur Dioxide Addition. II. Process Characterisation

Abstract: The enzymatic digestibility of the softwood Pinus radiata is substantially enhanced by SO2-catalysed steam explosion. The factors controlling the effectiveness of this pretreatment have been studied. Under conditions of constant time (3 minutes) and temperature (215°c) the effects of SO2-impregnation levels from 0–11.8% were examined. Up to about 3% SO2 there is a pronounced effect on the enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated substrate and a rapid increase in the yield of water soluble sugars. At 2.55% SO2, a total sugar yield of 57.4 g/100 g oven-dry wood was obtained. SO2 levels above 3% had no beneficial effects in terms of increased sugar yields. Equivalent total sugar yields could be obtained by shortening the treatment time to 1 minute and increasing the temperature to 235°c (still at 2.55% SO2). Percentage solubilisation of wood glucan correlates strongly with the enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated substrate and also with the surface area accessible to a 51A molecule. This sugge...