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Showing papers by "Fraunhofer Society published in 1984"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that rat platelets contain hepatotrophic activities which by virtue of their heat sensitivity are distinct from heat-stable platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-like mitogenic activities required by 3T3 cells for growth.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Steusloff1
TL;DR: The requirements of suitable programming languages for distributed industrial process control are outlined, starting with an investigation of the features of distributed systems and an example of a modern real-time programming language that fulfills some of these requirements is given as a basis for a higher level multicomputer real- time programming language.
Abstract: IHigher level programming languages for general scientific and technical applications have become increasingly sophisticated in program safety, production economics, and hardware independence. These languages, such as Algol 68, PL/1, and Pascal, are designed primarily to form computational tasks for sequential and off-line execution. Distributed industrial computer control systems impose new programming requirements, such as true parallelism; on-line, real-time task execution; intertask communication via an explicit communication system; and programmed support of fault tolerance. This article outlines the requirements of suitable programming languages for distributed industrial process control, starting with an investigation of the features of distributed systems. In the context of these features, a general concept of the required language elements is discussed, and an example of a modern real-time programming language, that fulfills some of these requirements is given as a basis for a higher level multicomputer real-time programming language. The application of this multicomputer language to a problem involving the control of a soaking pit furnace plant shows its contribution to distributed industrial process control.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the design of CMOS temperature sensors and associated acquisition circuitry is described and problems connected with the high-temperature operation of analog MOS electronics are addressed and two temperature sensors based on two different principles are presented.

25 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1984

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
W.H. Haydl1
TL;DR: In this paper, a capless annealing method for GaAs, employing short (1-10s) thermal heat pulses from a graphite strip heater, is described, and the results with 29Si+ implanted into semi-insulating chromium-doped HB and chromiumdoped LEC GaAs are presented.
Abstract: A capless annealing method for GaAs, employing short (1-10-s) thermal heat pulses from a graphite strip heater, is described. Results with29Si+ implanted into semi-insulating chromium-doped HB and chromium-doped LEC GaAs are presented. The samples were annealed at temperatures as high as 1000°C in a stationary N 2 atmosphere with the implanted surface in close contact with a flat graphite strip heater surface. The wafers were covered with a graphite lid, effectively confining the volatile arsenic to a very small volume around the sample and providing a uniform temperature environment. Implantation efficiencies were high, and the quality of the implanted surface remained excellent after annealing.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A system concept will be presented that allows solid model design by sketched views and related dimensions on a tablet and the solids will be created automatically using two-dimensional to three-dimensional reconstruction techniques.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the usefulness of investigations on the humoral immune system and alveolar macrophages as sensitive parameters in detecting effects of NiO inhalation.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A literature search reveals a dearth of reliable information on the deposition of inhaled particulate tobacco smoke components in the human lung, indicating a need for more, and better, experimental data.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of anti-buckling guide design on the compression fatigue behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates has been investigated, and the results of fatigue tests under fully reversed cyclic loading (R = −1) were compared by means of the stress/strain curves S/N curves and loss of rigidity.

13 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the main problem is how to separate the different influences in the measuring quantities which are required to realize a quantitative non-destructive stress-measuring device, while the ultrasonic velocity is mainly influenced by changes of the stress level and the texture.
Abstract: Ultrasonic techniques can detect volume and surface stresses and they are not limited to the investigation of ferromagnetic materials as the micromagnetic methods. The magnetic nondestructive techniques are restricted by eddy current damping to surface near regions. All ferromagnetic and magnetoelastic quantities are sensitive to the mechanical stress and microstructural state of the test specimen, whereas the ultrasonic velocity is mainly influenced by changes of the stress level and the texture. The main problem is: how to separate the different influences in the measuring quantities which is required to realize a quantitative nondestructive stress-measuring device.

12 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 Feb 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various aspects of the implementation of sensor devices with varying decrees of complexity and costs, both in the fields of flexible production and quality control, and discuss a few typical examples.
Abstract: While performance and working dexterity of simulation-systems and software-tools for computer aided manufacturing have lead to a rapid increase in the numbers of succesfull implementations, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning systematic approaches for development and use of complex, sensor-controlled equipment in flexible automation. This is because of two facts; on the one side sensor systems in the form of electro-optical devices and picture processing units as flexible solutions for industrial applications have extremly different capabilities and it is a hard task to decide what system to use under economic considerations and on the other hand we often find a rather simple straight forward approach for the sensor problem appearing in a specific production task. This usually leads to an one-pur-pose sensor system nonconformant with the flexible basis equipment, or even to a solution without any sensors but with additional non-flexible peripheral hardware. When few years ago electro-optical sensors were developed for assisting industrial robots in parts-handling, there were problems in justifying the overall enconomics of such systems. This has lead to them being used in Quality-control, where especially cost inten sive high-precision sensors were absolutely necessary. However during this period rapid progress has been made increasing the performance and reliability of such systems resulting in a migration back to the robotic field. Based on a few typical examples we will discuss various aspects of the implementation of sensor devices with varying decrees of complexity and costs, both in the fields of flexible production and quality control.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aerosol de El Chichon in Garmisch-partenkirchen (RFA) was observado by lidar in 1982, and the dispersion de fondo maxima a partir de esta capa se registro durante los primeros meses de 1983 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: El transporte hacia el norte del aerosol estratosferico proveniente de la erupcion del volcan mexicano El Chichon en abril de 1982 fue observado por lidar en Garmisch-Partenkirchen (RFA). De junio a octubre de 1982 pudieron observarse dos capas, una por debajo y la otra por encima de los 20 km de altura. De octubre en adelante, una capa se extendio desde la tropopausa hasta alrededor de 30 km de altura. La dispersion de fondo maxima a partir de esta capa se registro durante los primeros meses de 1983. Posteriormente, el aerosol de El Chichon aparentemente entro en fase de decadencia. La dispersion de fondo observada fue convertida a valores de profundidad optica y masa de columna, que alcanzaron sus picos en enero de 1983 con 0.2 a 550 mn y 0.06 g m -2 , respectivamente. Comparandola con otras erupciones de largo alcance ocurridas desde 1979, la erupcion de El Chichon resulta haber excedido a todas ellas en por lo menos un orden de magnitud.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
I Walter1, H Tropf1
06 Feb 1984
TL;DR: An approach to 3-D recognition of randomly oriented parts with known geometry is described, which relies on line and corner data extracted in a preprocessing stage and a state-space search technique used.
Abstract: An approach to 3-D recognition of randomly oriented parts with known geometry is described. The method relies on line and corner data extracted in a preprocessing stage. A single 3-D geometrical model of the part is used. The part description is CAD-like. An Augmented Transition Network (ATN) controls an analysis-by-synthesis search procedure that is based on hypothesis generation and verification. A state-space search technique is used.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative control concept is proposed that refers to a more realistic flexible multi-body system model, which provides both a better tracking and disturbance behaviour because not only the servo motor position but also the deflection of each joint and its time derivatives are considered in the closed-loop algorithm.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a cylindrical reaction vessel of 2, 54 m3 volume for long aerosol life time under illumination was designed and tested with 3 reaction columns of the maximum commercially available diameter of 1 m. This volume was considered enough for a time series measurement of the degradation of the chemical compounds.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to optimize a cylindrical reaction vessel of 2, 54 m3 volume for long aerosol life time under illumination. For analytical reasons, the vessel had to be made from glass and we chose 3 reaction columns of the maximum commercially available diameter of 1 m. This volume was considered enough for a time series measurement of the degradation of the chemical Compounds to be studied. The design goal was a one day aerosol mass residence time under actual operating conditions (irradiation of polydisperse aerosol at a concentration of several mg/m3). In order to assess the influence of thermophoresis and photophoresis on particle deposition, we performed model experiments with three Chambers (scale 1/20, 1/10, 1/5). We found a strong increase of particle deposition with temperature difference. Photophoresis was significant only for soot particles.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 Feb 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities of the application of electro-optical systems to in-line quality control are discussed, and an example of a gasket attached to a water pump is described.
Abstract: Quality control is a problem in the whole area of industrial production. In-line quality control increases the productivity by enabling greater velocity of the production processes as well as by assuring higher standards of the products. Possibilities of the application of electro-optical systems to in-line quality control are discussed. As an example the in-line inspection of a gasket attached to a water pump is described. Additionaly it is shown how electro-optical systems can support robots to correct parts-position and orientation according to the assembly task.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, precipitation samples have been collected at high frequency (sometimes less than 1 day, depending on precipitation intensity) at three neighboring mountain-observatories: Zugspitze (2964m ASL), Wank peak (1780 m ASL).
Abstract: Since 1964 up to now precipitation samples have been obtained synchronously at 3 neighboring mountain-observatories: Zugspitze (2964 m ASL), Wank peak (1780 m ASL), and valley floor (740 m ASL). These samples have been collected at high frequency (sometimes less than 1 day, depending on precipitation intensity). They have been measured by chemical methods for \(\text {NO}_3^-\), \(\text {NH}_4^+ \), \(\text {SO}_4^= \), Cl− (and further ions) and recently, in addition, for K+, Na+, Ca++, as well as for pH and electrical conductivity. The data obtained until today are analyzed as time series for recognition of trends or irregularities and with regard to the frequency distribution of specific concentrations. Furthermore is represented per m2 the amount of trace substances added to the soil. A more intensive Statistical fine analysis and especially parameterization with meteorological parameters recorded simultaneously at the observatories are under way and will be published in the near future.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Safety-relevant components of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor components are mostly fabricated in nickel-based alloys and austenitic materials like Inconel-617, Hastelloy-X, Nimonic-86, or Inco...
Abstract: Safety-relevant components of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor components are mostly fabricated in nickel-based alloys and austenitic materials like Inconel-617, Hastelloy-X, Nimonic-86, or Inco...

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a production-inventory system consisting of m cascaded basic linear systems is represented and three types of optimization problems: the time optimal transfer between two equilibrium states, the maximization of the system output within given time and the production of a fixed output in a determined time with minimal costs.
Abstract: Production-inventory systems consisting of m cascaded basic linear systems are represented. Three types of optimization problems: the time optimal transfer between two equilibrium states, the maximization of the system output within given time and the production of a fixed output in a determined time with minimal costs, are treated. First the system with control constraints is regarded. Then the special problems - depended on the cascade-structure of the system - arising if state constraints are introduced, will be treated.

Book ChapterDOI
W. Arnold1, H. Reiter1
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the application of acoustic microscopy in adhesion testing and present applications related to adhesion, which is based on the concept of plane wave imaging, which has the ability to penetrate materials provided sound absorption is sufficiently small at the employed frequency.
Abstract: Acoustic microscopy became a powerful new tool in non-destructive evaluation (nde) of surfaces and subsurface imaging of optically opaque materials, in imaging of cells in biology, and a vast variety of other applications. Two different techniques have emerged for acoustic microscopy. In the Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) a diffraction limited spot of an acoustic beam is obtained by an acoustic lens in direct analogy to optical microscopy. Imaging is performed by measuring the acoustic reflectance or transmission of an object in the focused spot/1/. In contrast, Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscopy (SLAM) utilizes plane waves. Both methods have the ability to penetrate materials provided the sound absorption is sufficiently small at the employed frequency. Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscopy became commercially available some years ago as a tool for non-destructive evaluation of ceramics, tissue characterization of biological materials, and testing of adhesive bonds. We shall first discuss its principle, and then present applications related to adhesion.