Showing papers by "Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center published in 1971"
TL;DR: Tumour growth in the Moloney sarcoma system might be due in part to continuous recruitment of neoplastic cells by virus-induced transformation and so the therapeutic effect could be due to a virus-neutralizing serum activity.
Abstract: In a variety of tumour systems, individuals carrying progressively growing neoplasms have lymphoid cells with a specific cytotoxic effect on cultured tumour cells from the same individual1–4. Since the sera of tumour-bearing individuals have been shown to prevent tumour cell destruction by immune lymphocytes in vitro2,5–8 and since this serum blocking activity appears early in primary and transplant tumour development5,7, it has been suggested that the appearance of this serum blocking activity might be responsible for the progressive growth of tumours in individuals having cytotoxic lymphocytes. Counteraction of this blocking activity would thus be of primary importance in facilitating the function of an already existing or bolstered cell-mediated immunity. The serum blocking activity might be inhibited in various ways, by preventing the formation of blocking antibody or by interfering with its action (“unblocking”), as demonstrated in Moloney sarcoma regressor sera9. This type of serum also has a therapeutic effect on Moloney sarcomas in vivo10,11, which has been tentatively attributed to its unblocking activity8,9 or, possibly, to a complement-dependent cytotoxicity10. Tumour growth in the Moloney sarcoma system, however, might be due in part to continuous recruitment of neoplastic cells by virus-induced transformation and so the therapeutic effect could be due to a virus-neutralizing serum activity9,10.
88 citations
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: It was found that although tentatively attributed to an unblocking activity of the serum, or to complement dependent cytotoxicity, it was difficult to rule out completely in this system that the effect in vivo might have been due to a virus-neutralizing activity preventing the recruitment of neoplastic cells by continuous virus-induced transformation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the antigens in virally induced tumors. There are two principally different categories of tumor-associated antigens in viral neoplasms which include structural virus antigens and newly formed antigens, antigens that were present neither in the normal cells before neoplastic transformation nor in the virions. The virion antigens might be readily recognizable virus coat antigens or virus core antigens, detectable in virus particles only after the particles have been broken up by treatment with ether or detergents. It has also been shown that inoculation of “Moloney” sarcoma virus regressor serum has a therapeutic effect on “Moloney” sarcomas in vivo. It was found that although tentatively attributed to an unblocking activity of the serum, or to complement dependent cytotoxicity, it was difficult to rule out completely in this system that the effect in vivo might have been due to a virus-neutralizing activity preventing the recruitment of neoplastic cells by continuous virus-induced transformation.
52 citations
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: There seem to be certain opportunities for immunotherapy of human neoplasms, based on the regular demonstration of lymphocyte mediated immune reactions to human tumors and the finding that patients with growing tumors have blocking serum factors that may be responsible for canceling out the lymphocyte effect, and permitting tumor growth in vivo.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the cell mediated immunity to human tumor antigens. The evidence for cell-mediated immune reactions against human tumors comes from studies performed with the colony inhibition technique and with a modification of it, the microcytotoxicity test, in which individual cells rather than tumor cell colonies are counted. It was found that peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with such tumors inhibited colony formation of plated neuroblastoma cells, independently of whether they were of autochthonous or allogeneic origin. Normal skin fibroblasts from the tumor donors were not inhibited. Lymphocytes from patients with tumors other than neuroblastomas and from donors not having cancer did not inhibit the neuroblastoma cells. The lymphocyte effect was thus specific and could not be attributed to immunity to normal alloantigens. There seem to be certain opportunities for immunotherapy of human neoplasms, based on the regular demonstration of lymphocyte mediated immune reactions to human tumors and the finding that patients with growing tumors have blocking serum factors that may be responsible for canceling out the lymphocyte effect, and permitting tumor growth in vivo .
14 citations