Showing papers by "Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center published in 1977"
TL;DR: In this article, exponential, Weibull, gamma and log-normal models are used in the analysis of failure time data, and likelihood methods are described for discrimination among the special cases and for assessment of each within the more comprehensive framework.
Abstract: Exponential, Weibull, gamma and log-normal models are frequently used in the analysis of failure time data. By extending the generalized gamma model of Stacy [l5]. Prentice [13] showed that the models listed are all embraced by a single parametric family. Likelihood methods were described for discrimination among the special cases and for assessment of each within the more comprehensive framework. Here, such methods are applied to several recent data sets from the industrial and medical literature in order to study distributional shape. New results are given for the accommodation of censoring and regression variables. The appropriateness of Weibull and lognormal models is emphasized.
133 citations
TL;DR: Three patients failed to respond to conventional therapy for aplastic anemia and subsequently received bone marrow transplants from HLA-matched siblings and one patient is alive 2 years after transplantation, and 3 patients died of complications following transplantation.
Abstract: Aplastic anemia is a rare but usually fatal complication of gold salt therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. This report describes 3 patients who developed aplastic anemia while receiving gold salts, and a fourth patient who developed aplastic anemia after receiving gold and then cytotoxic agents. These patients failed to respond to conventional therapy for aplastic anemia and subsequently received bone marrow transplants from HLA-matched siblings. Engraftment occurred in all 4 patients. One patient is alive 2 years after transplantation, and 3 patients died of complications following transplantation.
100 citations
TL;DR: The Gross cell surface antigen (GCSA) is produced by cells that are either exogenously infected with murine leukemia virus or are expressing endogenous MuLV genomes and its antigenic components are glycosylated forms of the polyprotein precursors of the MuLV internal structural proteins.
Abstract: The Gross cell surface antigen (GCSA) is produced by cells that are either exogenously infected with murine leukemia virus (MuLV) or are expressing endogenous MuLV genomes. In immune precipitation assays, GCSA was resolved into two serologically distinct 85,000- and 95,000-dalton viral proteins. These antigenic components are glycosylated forms of the polyprotein precursors of the MuLV internal structural proteins.
89 citations
TL;DR: There was little variation among the ovarian epithelial tumors in their relationship to age, race, and marital status, although true associations may have been obscured because of classification inconsistencies in the data.
82 citations
TL;DR: The IPA assay is shown to be more sensitive than the conventional isotopic antiglobulin (IAG) assay, because IPA binds to a lesser extent to IgG bound non-specifically to cells.
77 citations
TL;DR: Four important risk factors, age at menarche, family history,Age at first birth and etiocholanolone excretion, are identified and shown to have additive effects on a logistic scale for the probability of developing breast cancer.
Abstract: An extension of the logistic model (Cox, 1970) is applied to the prospective study of breast cancer in Guernsey (Bulbrook and Hayward, 1967). Four important risk factors, age at menarche, family history, age at first birth and etiocholanolone excretion, are identified and shown to have additive effects on a logistic scale for the probability of developing breast cancer. The feasibility of screening a high risk group of women is considered and shown unlikely to be of practical value.
73 citations
TL;DR: Cell surface polyproteins of AKR mice contain as constituents of their membranes the murine leukemia virus envelope protein gp70 and the precursor polyprotein of the viral internal (core) structural proteins.
Abstract: Leukemic cells of AKR mice contain as constituents of their membranes the murine leukemia virus envelope protein gp70 and the precursor polyprotein of the viral internal (core) structural proteins. Both gp70 and the core polyprotein are represented on the cell surface as glycoproteins, as evidenced by incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into their structure and the binding of these proteins to lectins. The glycosylated core polyprotein exists in at least two serologically distinguishable forms: the 95,000-dalton polyprotein reacts with antisera prepared against the viral proteins p30, p12, and p10, whereas the 85,000-dalton polyprotein reacts with antisera prepared against the viral proteins p30 and p12, but not p10. Additional heterogeneity in these cell surface polyproteins has been observed wtih leukemias induced by exogenous leukemia viruses. Spontaneous leukemia cells of AKR mice invariably express gp70 and the core polyprotein on their cell surface; normal thymocytes of young AKR mice express gp70, but not the core polyprotein on their surface.
68 citations
TL;DR: The GM 1 -ganglioproteins of 3T3 cells were all deleted in KiMSV transformants, whereas the intense protein peaks reactive to anti-asialo GM 2 (ganglio-N-triosylceramide) appeared in these transformants.
59 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the transforming agent for spontaneous leukemogenesis differs in biological properties from the endogenous MuLV that is commonly observed in mice of high leukemic strains.
59 citations
TL;DR: Monovalent antibodies directed against N-acetylhematoside are growth inhibitory for BALB/3T3 and NIL hamster fibroblasts but not their transformed counterparts, and it is suggested that cell surface glycolipids may play a role in the control of normal cell growth in vitro.
55 citations
TL;DR: The cell surface glycoproteins of hamster NIL cells, labeled with galactose oxidase and NaB3H4, were selectively solubilized by sequential extraction with Tris buffer containing 1) sucrose-ATP-EDTA, 2) zwitterionic detergent (Empigen BB), and 3) 8 M urea.
TL;DR: Thymus cells of preleukemic and leukemic AKR mice express on their cell surface elevated levels of antigens associated with the murine leukemia virus proteins gp70 and p30, which are correlated with an increased production of infectious ecotropic and xenotropic MuLV in the thymus.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the sequence differences between endogenous and sarcoma viruses are largely concentrated in specific regions of the viral genome.
TL;DR: It is suggested that step-by-step elongation and arborization of complex glycolipids such as A c and H 3 chains may take place during the process of development.
Abstract: Four sets of glycolipid variants of human A and O erythrocytes were isolated and their structures were determined. The glycolipids carrying A-determinants were termed A a , A b , A c and A d according to the complexity of the carrier carbohydrate chain in that order. Glycolipids with H-activ-ity were termed H 1 , H 2 H 3 and H 4 according to the order of their complexity of the carrier carbohydrate chain. It is suggested that the conversion of complex H variants (H 3 /or H 4 ) to complex A variants (A c /or A d ) was significantly lower in A 2 erythrocytes. In fetal/or new-born erythrocytes the highly complex variants (A c , A d , H 3 and H 4 ) were significantly lower than adult erythrocytes. These and other studies suggest that step-by-step elongation and arborization of complex glycolipids such as A c and H 3 chains may take place during the process of development. A remarkable difference between the reaction of glycolipids in human intestinal tumors and the reaction of normal intestinal mucosa was demonstrated by the antibody which was directed against core structure of carrier carbohydrate chain, that is GlcNAcβl→3Ga1βl→4Glc→cer. This structure must be present in greater quantity in tumor tissue than in normal mucosa.
TL;DR: This study studies the effect of virus-induced transformation on the glycolipid pattern of chick embryo fibroblasts with mutants of avian sarcoma viruses, and at the nonpermissive temperature normal cell morphology and behavior as well as normal hematoside levels are restored.
TL;DR: In this article, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG-SS) was shown to increase the cytotoxicity of murine spleen cells which mediate antibody-dependent cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC).
TL;DR: Although high dose DMM alone does not appear to be effective in achieving complete remission in dogs with lymphoma, the relative lack of immunosuppression following DMM preserves the potential usefulness of this drug in the design of chemo-immunotherapy protocols.
TL;DR: Both the age-related and BCG-SS induced peaks in effector cell activity were positively correlated with increased percentages of PMNs and PMN precursor cells in the spleen.
TL;DR: It is concluded that 5a or a closely linked gene is involved in susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
TL;DR: It is shown that macrophage labeling with 192Ir was uniform, and the label was retained by the macrophages up to 21 days post-plating (when all cultures were terminated).
TL;DR: In this article, patients with severe aplastic anemia or refractory acute leukemia with HLA identical sibling donors were considered for marrow transplantation in Seattle, where they were generally conditioned for grafting by high-dose cyclophosphamide (CY); those with acute leukemia by CY and total body irradiation.
Abstract: Patients with severe aplastic anemia or refractory acute leukemia with HLA identical sibling donors were considered for marrow transplantation in Seattle. Patients with aplastic anemia were generally conditioned for grafting by high-dose cyclophosphamide (CY); those with acute leukemia by CY and total body irradiation. All patients received methotrexate post-grafting to ameliorate anticipated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and were supported with blood products, antibiotics, and intensive care as necessary.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cellular division is required for the generation of cells which are cytotoxic in vitro and can adoptively confer anti-tumor protection in vivo.
Abstract: The role of cellular proliferation for the generation of cytotoxic activity in an in vitro secondary immune response to syngeneic lymphoma cells was investigated. Spleen cells from W/Fu rats immunized with the syngeneic (C58NT)D tumor proliferate and generate cytotoxic potential for tumor targets after exposure to mitomycin C-treated (C58NT)D cells in vitro. Elimination of proliferating cells by exposure to high specific activity 3 H thymidine at appropriate intervals impaired the generation of cytotoxic activity. Elimination of cells proliferating to either syngeneic lymphoma or BN rat alloantigens allowed the remaining cells to generate cytotoxic potential to the second set of antigens. Elimination of proliferating cells also abrogated the ability of the in vitro generated cells to adoptively confer anti-tumor protection on nonimmune recipients. These results demonstrate that cellular division is required for the generation of cells which are cytotoxic in vitro and can adoptively confer anti-tumor protection in vivo.
TL;DR: In this issue of the Journal Rocklin et al report that lymphocytes from 12 of 18 patients with familial form of medullary thyroid carcinoma produce macrophage migration inhibitory factor when expo...
Abstract: IN this issue of the Journal Rocklin et al. report that lymphocytes from 12 of 18 patients with familial form of medullary thyroid carcinoma produce macrophage migration inhibitory factor when expo...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Mixed leukocyte culture reactivity was studied in adult W/Fu rats judged to be highly tolerant after the inoculation of (W/Fu X BN)F1 hybrid spleen and bone marrow cells at birth to demonstrate allograft tolerance.
Abstract: Mixed leukocyte culture reactivity was studied in adult W/Fu rats judged to be highly tolerant after the inoculation of (W/Fu × BN)F1 hybrid spleen and bone marrow cells at birth. Reactivity was observed in a majority of tolerant donors tested and documented by quantitative dose-response and kinetic studies. Allograft tolerance cannot be explained by a complete lack of specific immune reactivity to tolerated alloantigens.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that natural immunity to endogenous MuLV is involved in the regulation of expression of these viruses in mice of low-leukemic strains.
TL;DR: The designated comprehensive cancer center in the Pacific Northwest section of the United States is described, and active participation with real input by the physicians of the authors' region through the extramural council is described.
Abstract: This article describes the designated comprehensive cancer center in the Pacific Northwest section of the United States. The local financial, political, and medical problems associated with the initial establishment of this center are discussed. The general philosophy of the approach to cancer, cancer research, and care are included. The programs described differ very little from other similar centers with exceptions that are noted. These are the establishment of the major clinical facilities or units outside of the center proper. The utilization, not duplication, of already existing surgical, irradiation, and hospital facilities representing a departure from the usual custom is discussed. Active participation with real input by the physicians of our region through the extramural council is described.
TL;DR: The findings may indicate that among the lymphoid cells responding to the glial antigens under these conditions, there are suppressor cells that abrogate the killer cell effect.