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Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

NonprofitCape Town, South Africa
About: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center is a nonprofit organization based out in Cape Town, South Africa. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 12322 authors who have published 30954 publications receiving 2288772 citations. The organization is also known as: Fred Hutch & The Hutch.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the majority of patients with MCC in this nationwide cohort did not undergo pathologic nodal evaluation, this procedure may be indicated in many cases as it improves prognostic accuracy and has important treatment implications for those found to have microscopic nodal involvement.
Abstract: Background The management of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has been complicated by a lack of detailed prognostic data and by the presence of conflicting staging systems. Objective We sought to determine the prognostic significance of tumor size, clinical versus pathologic nodal evaluation, and extent of disease at presentation and thereby derive the first consensus staging/prognostic system for MCC. Methods A total of 5823 prospectively enrolled MCC cases from the National Cancer Data Base had follow-up data (median 64 months) and were used for prognostic analyses. Results At 5 years, overall survival was 40% and relative survival (compared with age- and sex-matched population data) was 54%. Among all MCC cases, 66% presented with local, 27% with nodal, and 7% with distant metastatic disease. For cases presenting with local disease only, smaller tumor size was associated with better survival (stage I, ≤2 cm, 66% relative survival at 5 years; stage II, >2 cm, 51%; P Limitations The National Cancer Data Base does not capture disease-specific survival. Overall survival for patients with MCC was therefore used to calculate relative survival based on matched population data. Conclusion Although the majority (68%) of patients with MCC in this nationwide cohort did not undergo pathologic nodal evaluation, this procedure may be indicated in many cases as it improves prognostic accuracy and has important treatment implications for those found to have microscopic nodal involvement.

446 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
13 Dec 2007-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that Isw2 repositions nucleosomes to enforce directionality on transcription by preventing transcription initiation from cryptic sites, revealing how chromatin is organized on a global scale and advance the understanding of how transcription is regulated.
Abstract: Chromatin allows the eukaryotic cell to package its DNA efficiently. To understand how chromatin structure is controlled across the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, we have investigated the role of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complex Isw2 in positioning nucleosomes. We find that Isw2 functions adjacent to promoter regions where it repositions nucleosomes at the interface between genic and intergenic sequences. Nucleosome repositioning by Isw2 is directional and results in increased nucleosome occupancy of the intergenic region. Loss of Isw2 activity leads to inappropriate transcription, resulting in the generation of both coding and noncoding transcripts. Here we show that Isw2 repositions nucleosomes to enforce directionality on transcription by preventing transcription initiation from cryptic sites. Our analyses reveal how chromatin is organized on a global scale and advance our understanding of how transcription is regulated.

445 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The increased risk of breast cancer associated with the use of estrogen plus progestin declined markedly soon after discontinuation of combined hormone therapy and was unrelated to changes in frequency of mammography.
Abstract: We analyzed the results of the WHI randomized clinical trial — in which one study group received 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogens plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate daily and another group received placebo — and examined temporal trends in breast-cancer diagnoses in the WHI observational-study cohort. Risk factors for breast cancer, frequency of mammography, and time-specific incidence of breast cancer were assessed in relation to combined hormone use. Results In the clinical trial, there were fewer breast-cancer diagnoses in the group receiving estrogen plus progestin than in the placebo group in the initial 2 years of the study, but the number of diagnoses increased over the course of the 5.6-year intervention period. The elevated risk decreased rapidly after both groups stopped taking the study pills, despite a similar frequency of mammography. In the observational study, the incidence of breast cancer was initially about two times as high in the group receiving menopausal hormones as in the placebo group, but this difference in incidence decreased rapidly in about 2 years, coinciding with year-to-year reductions in combined hormone use. During this period, differences in the frequency of mammography between the two groups were unchanged. Conclusions The increased risk of breast cancer associated with the use of estrogen plus progestin declined markedly soon after discontinuation of combined hormone therapy and was unrelated to changes in frequency of mammography.

445 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
John A. Stamatoyannopoulos1, Michael Snyder2, Ross C. Hardison3, Bing Ren4, Thomas R. Gingeras5, David M. Gilbert6, Mark Groudine7, M. A. Bender7, Rajinder Kaul1, Theresa K. Canfield1, Erica Giste1, Audra K. Johnson1, Mia Zhang7, Gayathri Balasundaram7, Rachel Byron7, Vaughan Roach1, Peter J. Sabo1, Richard Sandstrom1, A Sandra Stehling1, Robert E. Thurman1, Sherman M. Weissman8, Philip Cayting8, Manoj Hariharan2, Jin Lian8, Yong Cheng2, Stephen G. Landt2, Zhihai Ma2, Barbara J. Wold9, Job Dekker10, Gregory E. Crawford11, Cheryl A. Keller3, Weisheng Wu3, Christopher T. Morrissey3, Swathi Ashok Kumar3, Tejaswini Mishra3, Deepti Jain3, Marta Byrska-Bishop3, Daniel Blankenberg3, Bryan R. Lajoie2, Gaurav Jain10, Amartya Sanyal10, Kaun-Bei Chen11, Olgert Denas11, James Taylor12, Gerd A. Blobel13, Mitchell J. Weiss13, Max Pimkin13, Wulan Deng13, Georgi K. Marinov9, Brian A. Williams9, Katherine I. Fisher-Aylor9, Gilberto DeSalvo9, Anthony Kiralusha9, Diane Trout9, Henry Amrhein9, Ali Mortazavi14, Lee Edsall4, David McCleary4, Samantha Kuan4, Yin Shen4, Feng Yue4, Zhen Ye4, Carrie A. Davis5, Chris Zaleski5, Sonali Jha5, Chenghai Xue5, Alexander Dobin5, Wei Lin5, Meagan Fastuca5, Huaien Wang5, Roderic Guigó, Sarah Djebali, Julien Lagarde, Tyrone Ryba6, Takayo Sasaki6, Venkat S. Malladi15, Melissa S. Cline15, Vanessa M. Kirkup15, Katrina Learned15, Kate R. Rosenbloom15, W. James Kent15, Elise A. Feingold16, Peter J. Good16, Michael J. Pazin16, Rebecca F. Lowdon16, Leslie B Adams16 
TL;DR: The Mouse E NCODE Consortium is applying the same experimental pipelines developed for human ENCODE to annotate the mouse genome to enable a broad range of mouse genomics efforts.
Abstract: To complement the human Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project and to enable a broad range of mouse genomics efforts, the Mouse ENCODE Consortium is applying the same experimental pipelines developed for human ENCODE to annotate the mouse genome

445 citations


Authors

Showing all 12368 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Robert Langer2812324326306
Meir J. Stampfer2771414283776
JoAnn E. Manson2701819258509
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Peer Bork206697245427
Eric Boerwinkle1831321170971
Ruedi Aebersold182879141881
Bruce M. Psaty1811205138244
Aaron R. Folsom1811118134044
David Baker1731226109377
Frederick W. Alt17157795573
Lily Yeh Jan16246773655
Yuh Nung Jan16246074818
Charles N. Serhan15872884810
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20237
202275
20211,981
20201,995
20191,685
20181,571