Showing papers by "Fu Jen Catholic University published in 1996"
TL;DR: In this paper, the stability of carotenoids and vitamin A during storage of carrot juice was investigated, and the results showed that the amounts of lutein, α-carotene, β-Carotene and vitamin a in carrot juice decreased with increasing storage temperature.
117 citations
TL;DR: Several extraction, separation, and detection methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in meat products were evaluated by using liquid chromatography as discussed by the authors, which showed that Soxhlet extraction of PAHs followed by purification with a Sep-Pak Florisil cartridge removed more impurities than the sonication method.
Abstract: Several extraction, separation, and detection methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in meat products were evaluated by using liquid chromatography. Results showed that Soxhlet extraction of PAHs followed by purification with a Sep-Pak Florisil cartridge removed more impurities than the sonication method. With HPLC, a mobile phase of acetonitrile−water (55:45, v:v) was maintained for 2 min, linearly programmed to 100% acetonitrile over a 23 min period, and maintained for 15 min. Sixteen PAHs were separated by a C18 column and detected by UV at 254 nm, while 15 PAHs were detected with fluorescence. The latter method was found to have 20−320 times higher sensitivity than the former. The following settings (excitation wavelength/emission wavelength) were used for fluorescence: λ1 = 270 nm/340 nm (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene); λ2 = 254 nm/375 nm (phenanthrene); λ3 = 260 nm/420 nm (anthracene, fluoranthene); λ4 = 254 nm/390 nm (pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene), λ5 = 260 nm/420 nm (ben...
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the longitudinal (LO) and transverse (TO) A1 vibrational modes have been measured between 30 and 1200 cm−1 as a function of temperature (30 −1240 K).
Abstract: The longitudinal (LO) and transverse (TO) A1 vibrational modes have been measured between 30 and 1200 cm−1 as a function of temperature (30–1240 K) for both KTiOPO4 (KTP) and KTiOAsO4 (KTA). KTP and KTA exhibit an obviously different Raman spectra in the frequency region 400–650 cm−1 (with respect to KTA). This middle‐frequency difference is attributed to the substitution ions in XO4 group (X=P or As) modifing the force constant of crystal. The relative intensities of the low‐frequency bands increase dramatically with increasing temperature due to high mobility of K+ ion. There is no typical soft‐mode like behavior in the measured frequency range. A higher symmetric structure taking place above Tc has been confirmed by the disappearance of the A1g(LO) stretching modes of TiO6 group. Comparison of each frequency belonging to the symmetry A1, A2, B1, and B2 measured along the [110] phonon direction shows complex difference. The vibrational frequencies of various symmetries were also obtained.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated several demographic and sexual history correlates of vibrator usage among a diverse sample of 202 women, who completed a 35-item questionnaire that included demographic, sexual history, and sexual orientation.
Abstract: In this exploratory study, we investigated several demographic and sexual history correlates of vibrator usage among a diverse sample of 202 women. They completed a 35‐item questionnaire that inclu...
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of conjugated thiophene compounds 1-4 containing methylsulfonyl and phenylsnlfunyl acccptors have been synthesized, which possess efficient second-order optical nonlinearities, lugh thermal stability and good transparency for use as nonlinear optical materials.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple synthesis of sulfone-substituted thiophene imino dyes 5 and 6 and their UV-VIS absorptions, second-order nonlinear optical properties, X-ray crystal structures and thermal stabilities are described.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, metal-deposited polypyrrole (Ppy) exhibiting traits of enhanced conductivities and catalysis has aroused interest in the investigation of metal-Ppy interaction.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the title compound 3 reacted with soft nucleophiles to give η4-complex4 as the only product, but in the case of hard nucleophilic, the σ,η3-complex5 was also obtained.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of co-skewness in asset pricing using the multivariate testing procedure proposed by Gibbons (1982) was re-examine using a share restriction derived from the Kraus and Litzenberger (1976) model.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a transparent silica film with organic chromophore Disperse Red 1(DR1) as side chain was prepared by the sol-gel process and the resulting films exhibited a second harmonic response,d33=46 pmV−1.
Abstract: A transparent silica film with organic chromophore, Disperse Red 1(DR1), as side chain was prepared in this study by the sol-gel process. Next, the film was baked at 120 °C with corona discharge poling. The resulting films exhibited a second harmonic response,d33=46 pmV−1. High poling stability was observed when the film was maintained at 60 °C. The effects of HCl concentration on the molecular orientation and the thermal stability of the specimens were also investigated.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make a new attempt to reexamine the Peacock and Shaw proposition by introducing the principal tenets of the efficiency wage hypothesis and find that, in a context of efficiency wage model, a rise in the degree of tax evasion may enhance total tax collections rather than depress them.
Abstract: The conclusion of Peacock and Shaw's 1982 article "Tax Evasion and Tax Revenue Loss," which has received wide attention in the literature, indicates that a rise in tax evasion will definitely lead to lower tax collections. The present article makes a new attempt to reexamine the Peacock and Shaw proposition by introducing the principal tenets of the efficiency wage hypothesis. It is found that, in a context of efficiency wage model, a rise in the degree of tax evasion may enhance total tax collections rather than depress them.
TL;DR: In this paper, Radical copolymerization of N-(azo dye) maleimide and styrene was carried out using 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile as an initiator in THF at 60°C.
Abstract: Radical copolymerization of N-(azo dye) maleimide or N-(substituted phenyl) maleimide and styrene were carried out using 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile as an initiator in THF at 60°C. These copolymers exhibit high solubility in most of the organic solvents and excellent thermal stability up to 280°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The copolymer films which were heated at 200–240°C under high corona field exhibit d33 = 3–5 pm/V, in the Maker-fringe measurement. Experimental results also showed that the copolymer with azo dye as chromophore did not decay in second harmonic response even at 130°C. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: In this paper, a GaAs-In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As metal-insulator-semiconductor-like (MIS) device with the interesting dual-route and multiple-negative-differential-resistance (MNDR) currentvoltage (I-V) characteristics has been fabricated and demonstrated.
Abstract: A new GaAs-In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As metal-insulator-semiconductor-like (MIS) device with the interesting dual-route and multiple-negative-differential-resistance (MNDR) current-voltage (I-V) characteristics has been fabricated and demonstrated. These performances are caused by the successive barrier lowering and potential redistribution effect. A novel multiple-route I-V characteristic is obtained in the studied device at low temperature (-130/spl deg/C). This performance is different from the previously reported NDR switching device and has not yet been found in other devices. The interesting property of the studied structure provides a promising candidate for switching device applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2-chlorinated 1,3-fused cyclopropene is synthesized and isolated from the dehalogenation of l-bromo-9,9-dichlorobicyclo[6.1.0]nonane, itself derived from cyclooctene.
Abstract: 9-Chlorobicyclo[6.1.0]non-l(9)-ene (4), a 2-chlorinated 1,3-fused cyclopropene, is synthesized and isolated from the dehalogenation of the l-bromo-9,9-dichlorobicyclo[6.1.0]nonane, itself derived from cyclooctene. Compound 4 undergoes ring opening reaction to generate cyclooctenyl chlorocarbene (9) which reacts with water via conjugate addition and ipso-addition to give (E)-2-(chloromethylene)cyclooctanol (7) and cyclooctene-l-carboxaldehyde (8), respectively. The conjugate addition of 9 with water is more favorable than the ipso-addition by 3:1. Compound 4, which is stable at −25 °C for weeks without any decomposition, reacts with oxygen to produce 2-chlorocyclonon-2-enone (12) via the ring-opening reaction adduct, vinyl alkylcarbene 10.
TL;DR: In this paper, the molecular structures of three emissive annular digold compounds [Au2(dmpm)(dtc)]Cl (Dmpm = Me2PCH2PMe2,dtc = S2CNEt2), 1, 1, 2, and 3, were determined.
Abstract: Molecular structures of three emissive annular digold compounds [Au2(dmpm)(dtc)]Cl (dmpm = Me2PCH2PMe2,dtc = S2CNEt2), 1, [Au2(dppm)(dtc)]PF6, (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2),2,and [Au2(dppe)(dtc)]-(PF2) (dppe = Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2), 3, were determined. All three compounds are dimetallacycles having two gold atoms bridged by a dithiolate ligand and a diphosphine ligand, the geometry around each gold atom being almost linear. All the dimetal lacy die rings are slightly distorted from planarity with intramolecular Au-Au distances shorter than 3.0 A. Compound 1 forms a polymeric chain through intermolecular Au-Au contacts (3.061 − 3.135 A). Compound 2 forms a tetramer through intermolecular Au-Au interactions (Au-Au distances ranging from 3.086 to 3.222 ). Compound 3 is monomeric. All of the compounds luminesce at 77 K in the solid state. Emissions originating from 3LMCT from dtc ligand to Au excited states are assigned. The emission maxima of 1 − 3 are at 541,535 and 520 nm respectively and are blue shifted as the number of Au-Au interactions is decreased.
25 Aug 1996
TL;DR: A map interpretation system for automatic extraction of high level information from the scanned images of Chinese cadastral maps that is robust to the rotation and writing style of character and can successfully extract character connected to graphical line.
Abstract: This paper presents a map interpretation system for automatic extraction of high level information (such as parcels and their attributes) from the scanned images of Chinese cadastral maps. Our map interpretation system consists of three main components: text/graphics separation, parcel extraction, and rotated character recognition. The techniques of text/graphics separation and character recognition are robust to the rotation and writing style of character. Another advantage of our separation algorithm is that it can successfully extract character connected to graphical line.
TL;DR: A robust algorithm to separate Chinese characters from graphics is proposed based on clustering the feature points in an image to obtain a better localization of feature points and improve the performance of the separation process.
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of a new cationic complex, [Cp(CO)2Mo(η4-2-SPh-C6H7)]+PF6- (3), with carbon and sulfur nucleophiles was found to give in most cases the C-4 addition products 4 in good yield.
TL;DR: The lattice structure provides a computationally efficient and structurally flexible realization for the interpolation lattice, and leads to a generalization of the concepts of the well-known linear prediction lattice and symmetric interpolations lattice.
Abstract: This paper presents a new lattice structure for linear interpolation. The interpolation lattice structure is asymmetric in the sense that the number of past and future values linearly weighted to estimate the current value does not have to be identical. The lattice structure provides a computationally efficient and structurally flexible realization for the interpolation lattice. It also leads to a generalization of the concepts of the well-known linear prediction lattice and symmetric interpolation lattice.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared several extraction methods and column types, with respect to extraction and separation efficiency of 14 additives from soy sauce, sugared fruit and dried roast beef, by paired-ion liquid chromatography.
Abstract: Several extraction methods and column types were compared, with respect to extraction and separation efficiency of 14 additives from soy sauce, sugared fruit and dried roast beef, by paired-ion liquid chromatography. Results showed that the application of a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was the best method for extraction, because it resulted in higher recovery than those given by acetone extraction and steam distillation. The purification of acetone extract by a Sep-Pak silica gel cartridge can result in recovery loss. Monomeric column was superior to polymeric column for simultaneous separation of preservatives, antioxidants and sweeteners. The capacity factor (k′) of each additive was also determined.
14 Oct 1996
TL;DR: The simulation results indicate that the performance of the fuzzy controller with MOI is less sensitive to its configurations than that of conventional proportional controllers.
Abstract: In this work, the performance comparison of fuzzy controllers using the MOI (mean-of-inversion) defuzzification method and conventional proportional controllers with respect to accuracy and convergence speed in the application of image compression (JPEG) is given. The simulation results based on 15 USC pictures and various test points indicate that the performance of the fuzzy controller with MOI is less sensitive to its configurations than that of conventional proportional controllers. In additional, the largest performance difference between these two kinds of controllers is in the steep slope area.
TL;DR: In this article, an excited-state double proton transfer (ESDPT) was studied in a variety of 1-azacarbazole (1AC) hosted hydrogen-bonded complexes.
Abstract: Excited-state double proton transfer (ESDPT) has been studied in a variety of 1-azacarbazole (1AC) hosted hydrogen-bonded complexes. In 1 AC/carboxylic acids hydrogen bonded complexes, large association constants of > 1.0 × 104 M−1 are measured in the ground state and the rate of ESDPT is » 5.0 × 109 s−1, resulting in a dominant proton-transfer tautomer emission. In several 1 AC/lactam hydrogen bonded complexes, however, spectral and dynamic results show the existence of a fast excited-state equilibrium between normal and proton-transfer tautomer states. The result can be tentatively rationalized by a non-catalytic ESDPT mechanism incorporating tautomerization energy of the guest molecule.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new route, namely efficient bargains between the union and the firm over wage and employment, to shed light on the contractionary effects of a currency devaluation.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new route, namely efficient bargains between the union and the firm over wage and employment, to shed light on the contractionary effects of a currency devaluation. It is found that a currency devaluation will definitely depress the supply of domestic goods when the union and the firm negotiate an efficient wage-employment contract. Thus our result can be regarded as a theoretical vehicle for explaining the empirical findings of the contractionary devaluation.
TL;DR: In this article, the deprotonation of 3-phenylthio-2-sulfolene was found to proceed only at the vinylic C-2 position.
Abstract: Treatment of 3-phenylthio-2-sulfolene (1) with an equimolar proportion of butyllithium at −78 °C in THF followed by addition of an electrophile gave the 2-substituted 3-phenylthio-2-sulfolenes (2) The deprotonation was found to proceed only at the vinylic C-2 position Some of the 2-sulfolenes 2 underwent desulfonylation upon heating with base Of particular interest was the conversion of 3-phenylthio-2-trimethylsilyl-2-sulfolene (2h) to its 3-sulfolene isomer 6 by sequential addition of butyllithium and salicylic acid at low temperatures The 3-sulfolene 6 was desulfonylated by Kugelrohr distillation at 150° C under vacuum to give (Z)-2-phenylthio-l-trimethylsilyl-1,3-butadiene (8) The regiochemistry of the Diels Alder reaction of this highly reactive diene 8 was found to be controlled by the phenylthio group, and the stereochemistry is endo addition Diene 8 was oxidized to its sulfone derivative 12 which also underwent a stereospecific Diels-Alder reaction
TL;DR: In this paper, an imperfect annihilation reaction in a one-dimensional gas is studied to assess the effects of a reaction's imperfectness on its kinetics, where the reaction is initially mapped onto a random walk process with memory and then reformulated with the first passage time approach developed in stochastic processes.
Abstract: An imperfect annihilation reaction in a one-dimensional gas is studied to assess the effects of a reaction's imperfectness on its kinetics. The reaction is initially mapped onto a random walk process with memory. After a master equation for the random walk is obtained, the system is reformulated with the first passage time approach developed in stochastic processes. Consequently, the time dependence of the reactant's survival probability can be perturbatively found in both nearly perfect and weak reaction limits. Hence, the influence of imperfectness effects on reaction kinetics can be addressed. Although the anomalous kinetics for its diffusive counterpart in a low dimension is well-known, the conditions under which mean-field kinetics might be applicable to the current system are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, tricarbonyl[η4-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene]iron(0) complex 2 with Ph3C+PF6− regiospecifically provided the title compound 3 in excellent yield.
Abstract: Hydride abstraction of tricarbonyl[η4-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene]iron(0) complex 2 with Ph3C+PF6− regiospecifically provided the title compound 3 in excellent yield. Cationic complex 3 could react with a variety of nucleophiles in good yields. Soft nucleophiles prefer to attack at the C-5 position, whereas hard nucleophiles such as methyllithium and the enolate of ethyl acetate gave the C-5 as well as the C-2 addition products. Some synthetic applications of the addition products were also studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the accuracy of using the total double-bond value (TDV) of edible oil to predict its effect on the plasma lipid level of rats, and found that using TDV as an indicator for plasma lipid metabolism may not be perfect, but is much better than the P/S or P+M/S ratio.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of using the total double-bond value (TDV) of edible oil to predict its effect on the plasma lipid level of rats. The test oils used included fish oil, squid visceral oil (high long chain n-3 PUFA, corn oil, soybean oil (high n-6 PUFA), olive oil, lard (high MUFA) and hydrogenated beef tallow (high SFA, S). Test diets contained 15% of each test oil with the cholesterol level made up to 1%. The results demonstrated that the sum of the percents of each MUFA and PUFA in an oil, multiplied by the number of double bonds in each compound (TDV), may be a better indicator to predict the effects of the oils on plasma lipid metabolism. There was a negative correlation between TDV and plasma total lipids and cholesterol levels, but the lard group was slightly lower than expected. Using TDV as an indicator for plasma lipid metabolism may not be perfect, but is much better than the P/S or P+M/S ratio.
TL;DR: The title compound 4 was synthesized from its 3-sulfolene precursor 3, and the Diels-Alder reactions of 4 were studied as discussed by the authors, but the results were limited.
Abstract: The title compound 4 was synthesized from its 3-sulfolene precursor 3, and the Diels-Alder reactions of 4 were studied.