Fundación Instituto Leloir

About: Fundación Instituto Leloir is a facility organization based out in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Dentate gyrus & Neurogenesis. The organization has 702 authors who have published 1052 publications receiving 39299 citations.

Extracellular acidosis enhances Zika virus infection both in human cells and ex-vivo tissue cultures from female reproductive tract

Abstract: Fil: Varese, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentina

Whispering neurons fuel cortical highways

Abstract: The mammalian neocortex is one of the most intricate entities found in nature, both in terms of structure and function. It is the brain region responsible for the execution of high-order functions, including sensory perception, motor control, cognition, and speech. Its development is equally complex because it requires that millions to billions (depending on the species) of neurons assemble in distinct layers and connect with exquisite precision to perform complicated information processing operations. During embryonic development, formation of the cerebral cortex involves the migration of excitatory neurons generated in the ventricular zone toward the cortical plate, where they establish their final position in six well-defined horizontal layers consisting of different types of neurons and architecture. Along this migratory phase, developing neurons undergo a morphological transition from multipolar shape to bipolar morphology. Bipolar neurons exhibit faster locomotion, quickly reaching their final destination. On page 313 of this issue, Ohtaka-Maruyama et al. ( 1 ) reveal that this important switch to bipolar neurons is influenced by glutamate release from neurons located at the subplate, just beneath the cortical plate. Subplate neurons trigger this transformation by making transient synaptic contacts with multipolar neurons in transit to the cortical laminae. Understanding this process is important because disruption of neocortical migration results in several human neuro-developmental diseases.

Towards an automatic method for toxicity and pharmacological testing in C. elegans

Abstract: Fil: Simonetta, Sergio Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundacion Instituto Leloir; Argentina

Modulation of adult-born neuron excitability by coupling to GABAergic networks

Abstract: New granule cells (GCs) are generated in the hippocampus of adult mammals including humans. These neurons grow in a rather silent network governed by inhibition, but they are initially hyperexcitable because they are uncoupled from the dominant GABAergic tone. The precise timing and synaptic mechanisms that control the excitability of new GCs remain unclear. To build an accurate matrix of neurogenesis-mediated circuit remodeling, we studied afferent and efferent synaptogenesis between developing GCs and two major types of GABAergic interneurons; parvalbumin-(PV-INs) and somatostatin-expressing cells (SST-INs). Inputs from PV-INs targeted the soma and grew abruptly in >4-week-old GCs, coincident with the termination of their highly excitable period. In contrast, inputs from SST-INs were dendritic and developed steadily until reaching maturity by 8 weeks. These step-wise vs. graded patterns of synaptic maturation were also revealed in output synaptogenesis from GCs onto PV-INs and SST-INs. When mature, activity of GCs becomes controlled by feedforward loops dominated by PV-INs, and feedback loops that include both IN types. Therefore, the delayed integration of new cohorts into inhibitory networks generates heterogeneous neuronal populations that contribute to enhance the dynamic range of responsiveness in the dentate gyrus.