Showing papers by "Gadjah Mada University published in 1984"

Firewood consumption in a Nepali village

Abstract: People's dependence on firewood as a primary source of energy is causing serious deforestation problems in many developing countries. Reliable information on firewood consumption rates is needed to develop afforestation plans and to control deforestation. This study compares three methods used to determine firewood consumption in a Nepali village. Cultural and environmental factors that affect firewood consumption in the village are also examined. Theweight survey proved to be the most accurate method used. The less precisedaily recall andannual recall surveys overestimated actual firewood consumption by factors of 1.76 and 1.95, respectively. Overestimates are attributed to both physical and social factors. In view of the good agreement between daily and annual recall surveys, and the much greater ease of conducting the latter, annual recall surveys are recommended as the most practical method of monitoring firewood consumption rates. Validating the survey with occasional weighed measurements is suggested as a means of improving accuracy.

Man, land and game in sumbawa: some observations on agrarian ecology and development policy in eastern indonesia

Abstract: The island of Sumbawa, in the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago (Fig. l), encompasses a wide and interesting variety of agroecosystems, by which is meant the complex of relationships between specific human communities, their systems of agriculture, and the environments in which these systems are practised. The juxtaposition of such agroecosystems presents a good opportunity to reexamine some of the prevailing views of agricultural development (and underdevelopment), environmental degradation, and the role of local government in the development process. This paper will commence with a description of each of the principal agroecosystems on the island -- namely swidden agriculture, permanent field dryland agriculture, irrigated rice cultivation, and grassland hunting and grazing -- and an analysis of some of their more problematic aspects. This will be followed by a general discussion of the relationship between human populations, agriculture, and land cover in Sumbawa, which with one or two possible exceptions seems to be in accord with Boserup’s (1965) thesis. Finally the current effects of government policies on these relationships will be assessed.

Shifting cultivation for transmigration projects ? : how primitive techniques could help to solve development problems in Central Kalimantan transmigration areas ?

Abstract: Since 1980 a multidisciplinary team of ORSTOM (pedologists, geographers and agronomists) is working in the Central Kalimantan uplands in a joint venture with the Indonesian Ministry of Man Power and Transmigration. The aim of the undertaken studies was to determine suitable locations for Transmigration projects, collect the data necessary for further development planification, and determine the most suitable farming systems.

The inhibition of papain

Abstract: For the assay of papain and of other proteolytic enzymes broad range of both natural (e.g. gelatin, casein, haemoglobin) and synthetic (e.g. esters, amides, thioesters) substrates are available. The synthetic substrate benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPA) is a substrate of choice, since the amidase activity of papain can be followed very easily by measuring spectrophotometrically the reaction product p-nitroaniline. The synthesis of the racemic product dl-BAPA being simple (Erlanger et al., 1961), this synthetic substrate is used often for the assay of proteases. However one of the racemic components, d-BAPA cannot form a productive complex with papain and hence l-BAPA should be a preferred substrate.