Showing papers by "Gadjah Mada University published in 1990"
TL;DR: The hypothesis that formal education of women results in increased child survival because of greater knowledge of the protective function of the major childhood immunizations is explored.
Abstract: This article explores the hypothesis that formal education of women results in increased child survival because of greater knowledge of the protective function of the major childhood immunizations. Education is also associated with greater awareness of proper immunization schedules. Irrespective of mother’s formal education level, specific immunization knowledge is associated with an increased likelihood of using immunization. The Indonesian analysis is important as a model for preventive health campaigns among other populations with low education levels among women.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of SPOT XS and Landsat MSS for automatically outlining agricultural near-urban interfaces, by means of classifications, was tested for a study area around Yogyakarta, Central Java.
Abstract: The potential of SPOT Multispectral (XS) and Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) for automatically outlining agricultural near-urban interfaces, by means of classifications, was tested for a study area around Yogyakarta, Central Java. Photo-interpretation of SPOT panchromatic (P) images and aerial photographs acquired during the past 20 years was used as a reference to evaluate maps derived from SPOT XS and Landsat MSS and to quantify the evolution of this area. SPOT XS mapping proved to be reliable, whereas only overall information could be derived from Landsat. Due to the usual heterogeneity of the Javanese landscapes and to the present unavailability of locally-adapted lextural classifiers, the visual analysis of SPOT P images provided better results than the digital processing of SPOT XS data.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) method is applied to synthetic and observed tremor time series using autoregressive processes and recordings from the volcanoes Etna (Sicily) and Merapi (central Java).
Abstract: The maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) method is applied to synthetic and observed tremor time series using autoregressive processes and recordings from the volcanoes Etna (Sicily) and Merapi (central Java). The MESA analysis can be used to estimate power spectra with sharp peaks from short data records. If the tremor source process can be modelled by an autoregressive process, the MESA method is well-suited for determining the coefficients of the underlying difference equations. As in the standard periodogram method of power spectrum estimation, a mesagram estimate using record segmentation and MESA spectrum averaging reduces the variance of the spectral estimator. In combination with periodogram estimates, mesagram estimates confirm that the tremor source may be modelled as an ensemble of randomly excited resonators. Used together, these estimates provide a valuable method for short-term monitoring of volcanic activity. In addition, they can be applied to the determination of new source parameters such as resonator frequencies, damping coefficients, excitation probabilities, correlation of exciting forces, and resonator coupling and in the pattern recognition of source types.
24 citations
TL;DR: The role of temperature, hydrogen and oxygen during the atomization of the hydrides in an electrically heated quartz cuvette is discussed in this article, under certain conditions, antimony atoms form dimers or elemental antimony precipitates in the heated cuvette.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented weekly SST observations, averaged over a four-year period (1 July 1981 to July 1985) for 23 spots (squares) in the Banda and Arafura Seas.
21 citations
TL;DR: The effect of isoniazid (INH) pretreatment on the elimination kinetics of theophylline was investigated in 13 healthy male non-smokers and may be related to acetylator status since slow acetylators showed a greater interaction than rapidacetylators.
Abstract: The effect of isoniazid (INH) pretreatment (400 mg daily for 2 weeks) on the elimination kinetics of theophylline (given intravenously as aminophylline equivalent to 151.2 mg theophylline) was investigated in 13 healthy male non-smokers. Amongst the 13 subjects studied, seven were rapid and six were slow acetylators. The mean clearance of theophylline was significantly lowered after INH (2.20 +/- 0.24 l h-1) (mean +/- s.e. mean) compared with the baseline value (2.80 +/- 0.24 l h-1). The volume of distribution at steady state was also lowered significantly after INH (0.42 +/- 0.01 l kg-1 vs 0.47 +/- 0.02 l kg-1). Consequently, there was no significant prolongation of theophylline half-life after INH (7.0 +/- 0.3 h vs 6.7 +/- 0.4 h control). The lowering of theophylline clearance by INH may be related to acetylator status since slow acetylators showed a greater interaction than rapid acetylators. However, this difference was not statistically significant.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that a lack of individual affordability is not the universally applicable constraint for housing these workers, what is universal is the official unwillingness to accept informal sector employment as reliable collateral for access to the institutionally provided housing.
9 citations
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In the past, the loss of fertile top soil, together with the often attendant deterioration of the hydrological conditions has caused the abandonment of vast areas of land, and has even led to the decline of whole civilizations as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Accelerated soil erosion, caused by mismanagement and abuse of the soil is one of the most serious and difficult forms of land degradation to remedy. In the past, the loss of fertile top soil, together with the often attendant deterioration of the hydrological conditions has caused the abandonment of vast areas of land, and has even led to the decline of whole civilizations.
9 citations
TL;DR: Stereoscopic SPOT P and monoscopic SpOT XS data were tested for assessing the SPOT capability for geological and soil mapping in Indonesia, down to 1:50 000 and 1:100 000 scales as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Stereoscopic SPOT P and monoscopic SPOT XS data were tested for assessing the SPOT capability for geological and soil mapping in Indonesia, down to 1:50 000 and 1:100 000 scales. Methodological approaches for spatial and spectral analyses of SPOT images are briefly discussed and illustrated. The operational SPOT capability was tested with the geological and soil mapping of Wonosari (Central Java) from monoscopic SPOT XS data. Generally speaking, results compared well with mapping from 1:50 000 infrared aerial stereo-pairs. The paper concludes that SPOT has the potential of a major data source for operational small/medium scale geological and soil surveys in Indonesia.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of applied pressure on the disintegration of model ephedrine sulfate tablets and the release of ephedrin sulfate is reported. But, changes in applied pressures did not significantly alter the dissolution of the water-soluble medicinal compound.
Abstract: The influence of applied pressure on the disintegration of model ephedrine sulfate tablets and the release of ephedrine sulfate is reported Six frequently used disintegrating agents were employed with a water-soluble diluent (lactose) and with a water-insoluble diluent (dibasic calcium phosphate) Although disintegration time may be independent of pressure (dibasic calcium phosphate) or may be lengthened by increased pressures (lactose), changes in applied pressures did not significantly alter the dissolution of the water-soluble medicinal compound
5 citations
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In the 1970′s and early 1980′s, during rice production intensification in Indonesia, the brown planthopper became a major pest of rice and seriously threatened Indonesia’s rice self-sufficiency.
Abstract: In the 1970′s and early 1980′s, during rice production intensification in Indonesia, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, became a major pest of rice and seriously threatened Indonesia’s rice self-sufficiency. Factors that contributed to the increasing problems of brown planthopper were: injudicious use of pesticides which caused pest resurgence, the elimination of natural enemies and the development of resistance; breakdown of host plant resistance, and; lack of integration of different pest management tactics. In 1986, because of the increasing problems with brown planthopper, the Indonesian government declared Integrated Pest Management (IPM) the national rice pest management strategy and banned 57 pesticides for their use on rice based on expert advice. Although this IPM program is highly effective, brown planthopper will continue to adapt to pesticides and resistant rice varieties used in the current IPM program. Therefore, in order to develop a sustainable rice IPM program, pesticide and host plant resistance management strategies need to be implemented.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Two siblings, a brother and a sister, 14 and 10 years of age, whose parents are cousins, who suffered from diabetes mellitus, acanthosis nigricans, and growth retardation, did not give response to the plasma glucose level and the GTT observations of their parents did not represent glucose intolerance.
Abstract: Insulin resistance exists in 0.1% of diabetics having insulin treatment. In addition to diabetics, insulin resistance can also be seen in association with acanthosis nigricans. Both conditions become a syndrome that may happen in a family. This is a report of two siblings, a brother and a sister, 14 and 10 years of age, whose parents are cousins, who suffered from diabetes mellitus, acanthosis nigricans, and growth retardation. The insulin therapy until 54 units per day given to the boy and 174 units per day to the girl, did not give response to the plasma glucose level. Plasma C-peptide and prolactin values of the girl were normal. The plasma fasting insulin level of both was high. Measurement of insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes was not performed. The GTT observations of their parents did not represent glucose intolerance.
TL;DR: Thirteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) were produced by fusing spleen cells of immunized mice and mouse myeloma cell line to provide a basis for clarification of the serological relationship between the two viruses.
Abstract: Thirteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) to watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) were produced by fusing spleen cells of immunized mice and mouse myeloma cell line. The MCAs recognized at least three different epitopes on the particles of WMV-2. WMV-2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) shared one epitope (cryptotope) because a group of MCAs (group 3) to WMV-2 reacted only with ZYMV treated using carbonate buffer, pH 9.6 in non-precoated indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) but not in precoated I-ELISA with rabbit antiserum to WMV-2. This fact provided a basis for clarification of the serological relationship between the two viruses. ELISA using MCA WMV-2 15 was found to be useful for WMV-2 detection and/or diagnosis of field samples.
TL;DR: Quantitative results for the distributions of primary metabolites for the two systems closely agreed and showed that up to 70% savings in chromatographic time could be achieved with the 3 micron particle size columns.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the periode 1976-1982, harga jual kopi di tingkat petani tetap tidak berada terlalu jauh di bawah 1 US dollar.
Abstract: Berdasarkan perbandingan antara nilai rupiah dengan US dolar, harga jual kopi (robusta) di tingkat petani saat ini tergolong yang paling rendah dalam sejarah perkopian Indonesia. Dalam periode 1976-1982, harga jual kopi di tingkat petani selalu berada di atas 2 US dollar/kg. Bahkan pada tahun 1977, harga jual kopi di tingkat petani pernah mendekati 2,00 US dollar/kg. Harga jual di bawah 1,00 US dollar mulai terjadi sejak 1983. Walaupun demikian, untuk periode 1983-1988, harga jual di tingkat petani tetap tidak berada terlalu jauh di bawah 1 US dollar. Saat ini, harga kopi di tingkat petani hanya berkisar sekitar 0,60 US dollar atau sekitar Rpl.000,00 /kg. Harga jual yang rendah ini tentu memprihatinkan semua pihak. Pada tingkat pertama, harga jual yang rendah pada tingkat petani itu tentu akan berpengaruh secara langsung pada tingkat kesejahteraan petani. Dengan berkurangnya surplus yang diperoleh petani maka akan berkurang pula motivasi petani untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan mutu produksinya. Pada tingkat kedua, jumlah dan mutu produksi yang rendah disertai dengan harga jual yang rendah, akan berpengaruh pula secara langsung terhadap devisa yang dapat dikumpulkan dari hasil ekspor kopi. Hal yang terakhir ini tentu saja tidak sejalan dengan usaha meningkatkan ekspor non-migas yang sedang digalakkan pemerintah.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The following illustrates a case study of a 9 years-old girl with combined pericarditis and pleuritis caused by solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, whose prognosis is good and exudation into the pleural andpericardial sac regressed gradually and eventually ceased completely.
Abstract: The following illustrates a case study of a 9 years-old girl with combined pericarditis and pleuritis caused by solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Pericardiocentesis and permanent thoracocentesis were performed, both yielded serohemorrhagic and serous fluid in succession. In the beginning etiological diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical pattern for tuberculosis infection and growth of three species of bacteria for bacterial infections and candida species for candidiasis. The initial treatment was in accordance with the etiological diagnosis mentioned above. The final diagnosis was establish in the fourth month after the discovery of plasmacytoma in the pleural fluid and CT scan examination disclosing masses in the right lung. Accordingly, cytostatic therapy was started. The result of therapy was very good, exudation into the pleural and pericardial sac regressed gradually and eventually ceased completely. According to the literature the prognosis of these neoplasma is good.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, perkembangan empirik teori permintaan uang di Indonesia selama dua dasawarsa telah didominasi oleh penggunaan Model Penyesuaian Parsial (Partial Adjustment Model = PAM) seperti ying pernah dilakukan ollh Aghevli (1977), Boediono (1985), Nasution (1985) and Parikh et al.
Abstract: Perkembangan empirik teori permintaan uang di Indonesia selama dua dasawarsa telah didominasi oleh penggunaan Model Penyesuaian Parsial (Partial Adjustment Model = PAM) seperti yang pernah dilakukan oleh Aghevli (1977), Boediono (1985), Nasution (1985) dan Parikh et al (1985). Adapun perkembangan teori permintaan uang dewasa ini yaitu penggunaan Model Penyesuaian Parsial telah banyak dikritik oleh para ahli ekonomi (Cuthbertson, 1988), seperti kasus overshooting di dalam perubahan tingkat bunga dan pendapatan riil. Demikian juga adanya masalah autokorelasi serta intepretasi koefisien variabel yang dijelaskan selang (Goodfriend, 1985). Sejalan dengan perkembangan teori permintaan uang dan model dinamik, para ahli ekonomi dan ekonometri telah mengembangkan salah satu Model Koreksi Kesalahan (Error-Correction Model = ECM) seperti yang pernah dilakukan oleh Hendry et al. (1984), Domowitz and Elbadawi (1987), Gupta and Moazzami (1988) dan Colomoris and Domowitz (1989) dan sudah diterapkan pada kasus di negara sedang berkembahg (lihat Insukindro, 1990), sedang para ahli ekonomi lain seperti Laidler (1987), Goodhart (1984), dan Cuthbertson (1986, 1988) telah mengangkat kembali teori permintaan uang untuk Model Cadangan Penyangga (Buffer Stock) atau Model Penyerap Syok (Shock-Absorber Model = SAM) dan ini sangat relevan jika pasar uang berada dalam ketidakseimbangan.
10 Nov 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (DCP) at 1.0μg in a groundwater was observed when the density of responsible degraders, estimated by the most probable number (MPN) method, had increased to 105 cells/ml.
Abstract: The rapid microbial degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (DCP) at 1.0μg DCP-C/ml in a groundwater was observed when the density of responsible degraders, estimated by the most probable number (MPN) method, had increased to 105 cells/ml. However, no degradation of 0.1 or 0.03μg DCP-C/ml was observed even when the density of degraders had increased to 104-105 cells/ml. Rapid degradation of 0.1μg DCP-C/ml occured within a day in the qroundwater in which 1.0μg DCP-C/ml was degraded beforehand, but not in the groundwater which had been precultured with 0.1μg DCP-C/ml. Addition of mineral nutrients enhanced the degradation of 0.1μg DCP-C/ml, but not the growth of degraders. These results suggest that in the groundwater the failure of DCP degradation at low concentration may be attributable to the failure of degraders to express their DCP-degrading activity, such as induction of responsible enzyme(s), and not to the failure to grow or to increase their density.