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Showing papers by "Gadjah Mada University published in 1998"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report on the natural co-occurrence of AF and various Fusarium mycotoxins, including DON and NIV in corn from Indonesia, and also the first reported on thenatural occurrence of DON in corn in hot areas of Southeast Asia.
Abstract: Sixteen corn samples collected from Indonesia were analysed for aflatoxins (AF), fumonisins (FM), trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA) using high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. AF were detected in 11 (69%) samples at a mean level of 119 ng/g (maximum 487 ng/g) and FM in all of the samples at a mean level of 895 ng/g (maximum 2970 ng/g). Deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and ZEA were each detected in two (12%) samples; 21 and 32 ng/g, 49 and 169 ng/ g, and 11 and 12 ng/g, respectively. All of the AF‐contaminated samples were co‐contaminated with FM. Mycological study showed all of the AF‐contaminated samples were infected with A. flavus/A. parasiticus, and the FM‐contaminated samples were either infected with F. moniliforme (50%) F. proliferatum (12%) F. nygamai (6%) or F. decemcellulare (38%). Supportive mycological studies showed that Fusarium species isolated from Indonesian corn were capable of producing a mean level of 10000 μg/g FM. Based on these resu...

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Haplotype analysis indicates that the DFNB3 mutations in the three pedigrees most likely arose independently and suggests thatDFNB3 makes a significant contribution to hereditary deafness worldwide.
Abstract: Summary The nonsyndromic congenital recessive deafness gene, DFNB3, first identified in Bengkala, Bali, was mapped to a ∼12-cM interval on chromosome 17. New short tandem repeats (STRs) and additional DNA samples were used to identify recombinants that constrain the DFNB3 interval to ≲6 cM on 17p11.2. Affected individuals from Bengkala and affected members of a family with hereditary deafness who were from Bila, a village neighboring Bengkala, were homozygous for the same alleles for six adjacent STRs in the DFNB3 region and were heterozygous for other distal markers, thus limiting DFNB3 to an ∼3-cM interval. Nonsyndromic deafness segregating in two unrelated consanguineous Indian families, M21 and I-1924, were also linked to the DFNB3 region. Haplotype analysis indicates that the DFNB3 mutations in the three pedigrees most likely arose independently and suggests that DFNB3 makes a significant contribution to hereditary deafness worldwide. On the basis of conserved synteny, mouse deafness mutations shaker-2 (sh2) and sh2J are proposed as models of DFNB3. Genetic mapping has refined sh2 to a 0.6-cM interval of chromosome 11. Three homologous genes map within the sh2 and DFNB3 intervals, suggesting that sh2 is the homologue of DFNB3.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a precise and accurate method of analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with laser ablation for direct solid sample introduction was developed for the determination of Na, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ce, W and Pb in atmospheric particulate matter.
Abstract: A precise and accurate method of analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with laser ablation for direct solid sample introduction was developed for the determination of Na, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ce, W and Pb in atmospheric particulate matter. Analyte element calibration was performed easily using a standard filter sample prepared by dropping an aqueous standard solution on to the surface of the same type of membrane filter as used for collecting atmospheric particulate matter. The absolute limits of detection ranged from 1.2×10–3 ng for Ce and W to 56.6 ng for Na. For replicate determinations of the analyte elements, the repeatabilities were within 10% (as RSD), except for Al (11%), Cu (18.5%) and Ag (16%). The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter collected in Tokyo, Japan. The analytical results were in good agreement with those obtained by the commonly used method of instrumental neutron activation analysis.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an in-core fuel management code developed for RSG GAS was developed and implemented to directly search for the equilibrium core, which can significantly extend the core cycle length to about 32 and 37 days, respectively.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the relationship of the ability of financial information in predicting the benefit of equity investment that consists of earnings and cash flow, and the statistical results show that both predictors, earning predictor and Cash Flow predictor are both significant in predicting earning and Cash flow one year ahead, this is shown with the regression coefficient.
Abstract: Financial accounting information is used by potential users to make necessary economic decisions. Earnings and cash flow are some of the measure that show a firms successful management. Earnings are useful for measuring a firms performance, and esti­mating the representative earning, the risk of investing and the cash flow information key measures of liquidity. Accounting information, is not yet one of the fundamental analysis tools for trading in Indonesian Capital Market. However, with increased development, accounting information will be necessary for making important decisions in the capital market. The objective of the study was to test the relationship of the ability of financial information in predicting the benefit of equity investment that consists of earnings and cash flow. The first hypothesis is earning predictor is better than cash flow predictor to predict future earning. Second, earning predictor is better than cash flow predictor to predict future to predict future cash flow. Lastly, earnings have incremental prediction ability to cash flow. There were 288 financial statements of manufacturing firms for the period of 1989-1994 include as a sample. Earnings data used in the tests is from the period of 1989-1994 and cash flow data is from 1992-1994 period. The statistical method used in this research is linear regression. then T-test, regression coeffi­cient, correlation determination and F-test on the 5% level significance. The autocorrelation tests show that there is no linear relationship between independent variables, and that there was no correlation between disturbance factors, because the Durbin Waston test shows value of 2. The statistical results show that earning predictor and cash flow predictor are both significant in predicting earning and cash flow one year ahead, The ability of earning predictor in predicting earning and cash flow is bigger than cash flow predic­tor, this is shown with the regression coefficient. Then is showed that a part from earnings being a tool for predicting earnings, it can be predict cash flows. The results of this research also show F-test is significant, which means that both predictors, earning and cash flow can be used for predicting earning and cash flow efficiently. Key Words: Auditors Ethical Orientation, Ethical Sensitivity, Professional Commitment, Organization Commitment

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the similarity of fermentation profiles and the reported nutritive value of lupine and soybeans led to the conclusion that lupines can be used as a potential replacement of soybeans in certain fermented foods.
Abstract: To explore the possibilities of using lupine as a soybean replacement in fermented foods, fermentation profiles of lupine and soybean by Aspergillus oryzae and A. sojae, respectively, in a solid-state culture were compared. Biomass, spore concentration, oxygen consumption rate, carbon dioxide production rate, water activity, and production of three enzymes, namely amylase, protease, and cellulase, were measured during a 7-day fermentation. The similarity of fermentation profiles and the reported nutritive value of lupine and soybean lead to the conclusion that lupine can be used as a potential replacement of soybean in certain fermented foods.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined factors that can be identified with the incidence of income smoothing practice among listed companies at Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX), including size, profitability, industrial sectors and operating leverage of the companies.
Abstract: Income smoothing practice is a common phenomenon and incurred in several countries. The definition of income smoothing is defined as the way used by the management to reduce the fluctuations of reported income to achieve the target income either artificially (through accounting method) or economically (through transaction). Income smoothing practice is important because this practice can is a result of the disfunctional behaviour which arise as from conflicts among parties who have interest on the financial statements of the companies, especially the income statement. This research is designed to examine factors that can be identified with the incidence of income smoothing practice among listed companies at Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX). The factors being examined were size, profitability, industrial sectors and operating leverage of the companies. To determine the incidence of income smoothing practice, Eckel index was used. The object of income smoothing in this research is net income. The samples were 53 listed companies at JSX, six years from 1991-1996, with total subsamples of 318 financial statements. Univariate tests (Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square and T-Test) and multivariate tests (logistic regression) were used to identify the factors affecting the income smoothing practice. One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was also performed to test the normality of the data being used. The results of Eckel index calculation showed that income smoothing is also practiced by listed companies at JSX. The Descriptive statistics showed that companies in financial institutions sector practiced income smoothing more than those in manufacturing sectors. The test results of univariate tests showed that industrial sectors and operating leverage are the variables having a significance influence on income smoothing practice. Multivariate tests showed that only operating leverage influences income smoothing practice. In conclusion, from four independent variables being examined, only operating leverage affects the incidence of income smoothing practice.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple and rapid method for determination of free fatty acids for soluble and immobilized lipase assay was developed and was suitable for routine analysis such as purification of lipase and continuous hydrolysis of fat and oil.
Abstract: A simple and rapid method for determination of free fatty acids for soluble and immobilized lipase assay was developed. The free fatty acids could be determined within 10 min with less organic solvent used and the color developed was stable until 60 min. High correlation (r > 0.97) between fatty acids content (2 -10 pmole) and absorbance was observed for fatty acids with carbon number of 6 or higher. Hydrolysis activity of soluble and immobilized lipase could be measured with high sensitivity and reproducibility against incubation time and protein loading. The effect of various substrate concentrations and water against hydrolysis activity could also be measured. The method was suitable for routine analysis such as purification of lipase and continuous hydrolysis of fat and oil.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a preliminary analysis of apparent resistivity, phase and magnetic transfer function data favours a one-dimensional interpretation of most sites for the upper 3-5 km of the crust and a two- or three-dimensional structure for the lower crust.
Abstract: Along a N30°E striking profile in central Java, Indonesia we recorded broadband magnetotelluric data at 8 sites in the period range 0.01 s–10000s. A preliminary analysis of apparent resistivity, phase and magnetic transfer function data favours a one-dimensional interpretation of most sites for the upper 3–5 km of the crust and a two- or three- dimensional structure for the lower crust. Several conductive features can be distinguished: (i) a strong “ocean effect” at the southern most site, (ii) a zone of very high conductivity in the central part of the profile, and (iii) a conductor in the north that cannot be caused by the shallow Java sea. We discuss tentatively causes for these anomalies. The conductor in the central part of the profile is probably connected with volcanic or geothermal activity, while the anomaly in the north could be an expression of processes associated with an active fault zone.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the information content of annual earnings announcements in terms of trading volume activities in Jakarta Stock Exchange market of the year 1995 and found that there is a correlation between the unexpected trading volume and the absolute value of the magnitude unexpected earnings.
Abstract: The overall purpose of the study is to investigate the information content of annual earnings announcements in terms of trading volume activities in Jakarta Stock Exchange market of the year 1995. To achieve this objective, 30 firms meeting the following criteria have taken: (1) companies having stocks active for the periode under consideration, (2) having a continuous listing in the exchange for the study period, (3) companies issuing audited financial statement for the year 1994, (4) companies having no news announcement except release of annual earnings announcements. This study uses secondary data the measurement of which is made on an ordinal scale. The statistical techniques used in making the data analysis are the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Based on the data analysis for this study, researcher noticed that security trading volume significantly increases when companies announce annual earnings to the time before the announcement. Morever, findings show that there is a correlation between the unexpected trading volume and the absolute value of the magnitude unexpected earnings. Finally, it also show that there is weither a correlation between unexpected trading value with the size of the firm, mor is there a correlation between the size of the firm and unexpected earnings. Keyword: Unexpected Trading Volume; Unexpected Earnings; Firm size.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An oxalic acid-α-hydroxyisobutyric acid eluent has been used for the separation and determination of rare-earth elements by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An oxalic acid-α-hydroxyisobutyric acid eluent has been used for the separation and determination of rare-earth elements by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography. Fifteen rare-earth elements were separated within less than 25 min on a 150×4.6 mm i.d. column packed with 5-μm sulfonic acid-bonded silica particles by elution with a combined gradient of 0.60–9.0 mM oxalic acid and 19.0–5.0 mM α-hydroxyisobutyric acid at pH 4.6. Detection and quantitation of the separated rare-earth elements was accomplished by visible-absorbance measurements at 600 nm after postcolumn reaction with arsenazo I. The gradient of the two complexing agents was optimized to enable the separation of yttrium(III) without interference from other elements, especially dysprosium(III) and terbium(III). Mass detection limits of the elements were in the range of 2–4 ng. Finally, the chromatographic system was applied to the quantitative analysis of rare-earth elements in monazite and xenotime.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this article, the efficacy of group counseling in improving adolescents' self-confidence was tested and the results indicated that group conseling can be used as an alternative intervention to improve selfconfidence among adolescents.
Abstract: Pilot studies revealed that a great deal of psychological problems In adolescence stem from lack of self-confidence. The studies also found · that peer groups could function both as social support and as a change agent tor adolescent. Those findings suggested that group conseling can be used as an alternative intervention to improve self-confidence among adolescents. The present study tested the efficacy of group counseling in in­ creasing adolescents' self-confidence. Twenty two students of SMA PIRI I Yogyakarta who exhibited lack of self-confidence participated in the experimental and control groups. Each group consisted of 11 students. Self-confidence, self-concept, and self-esteem were the dependent measure. Testing were administered 4 times, before treatment, right after treatment, one month after treatment and three months after treat­ ment. Behavioral changes were observed through daily record as well as-observer's rating of subjects behavior during counseling sessions. T-test with gain scores indicated that the Increase in confidence differed significantly between experimental and control groups (t = 5.01; p < 0.05). Experimental group (( = 28.64) showed higher increase in self-confidence than control group (( = 1.27). The same pattern was shown for self-concept and self-esteem measures. Behavioral rating scale Indicated an increase In self-confidence among subjects of ex­ perimental group. Key words: Self-Confidence - Adolescence - Group Counseling.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that intrauterine insertion of quinacrine pellets is a safe, acceptable and effective method of non-surgical female sterilization.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and acceptability of two monthly transcervical applications of quinacrine 252 mg and ibuprofen 55.5 mg as pellets for non-surgical female sterilization. From August 1992 through October 1996, a prospective clinical study was conducted on 200 normal women seeking surgical sterilization voluntarily in the Family Planning Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regency Hospital, Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. Quinacrine 252 mg and ibuprofen 55.5 mg were inserted transcervically, as pellets, using a Copper T IUD insertor in the proliferative phase of two consecutive menstrual cycles. The women were followed up 6, 12, 24 and 48 months after insertion. There were no major complications during the insertion procedures, and side-effects which occurred during the us e of the methods were transient. Cumulative life-table continuation rate per 100 women at four years was 0.91±0.02 (SE). The pregnancy fail ure rate was 0.04 or 4.3%. The results of this study indicate that intrauterine insertion of quinacrine pellets is a safe, acceptable and effective method of non-surgical female sterilization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the chromatographic behavior of negatively-charged iron and copper chelates with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonate on a reversed-phase Inertsil ODS-2 column was studied by using methanol-water (60:40, v/v) containing 0.02 M tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB) and 0.025 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)−HCl at pH

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, penelitian ini menguji hipotesis yang dikembangkan dalam konteks asimetri informasi di antara para pelaku pasar modal di pasar model modal in Indonesia, adalah pengaruh auditor, underwiter, persentase saham ying ditahan oleh pemegang saham lama.
Abstract: Penelitian ini menguji hipotesis yang dikembangkan dalam konteks asimetri informasi di antara para pelaku pasar modal di pasar modal Indonesia. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian adalah adanya pengaruh auditor, underwiter, persentase saham yang ditahan oleh pemegang saham lama, umur perusahaan dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tingkat underpriced. Hasil dari penelitian terhadap perusahaan-perusahaan yang melakukan IPO dalam periode 1995-1996 tidak berhasil menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan faktor-faktor di atas terhadap tingkat underpriced.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The coefficient of determination (R) is the most commonly used measure of the goodness of fit of a regression line as discussed by the authors, and it can be considered as indicative of the strong ability of the independent variables to explain the dependent variable.
Abstract: This paper attempts to discuss the coefficient of determination (R) in time series econometric analysis. The coefficient is the most commonly used measure of the goodness of fit of a regression line. With time series data high R values can be obtained if the linear regressions are estimated with the level. Therefore, there is a strong tendency to estimate the time series model in levels rather than, for example, in first differences. In general, researchers associate a high R2 with a good fit and it can be considered as indicative of a strong ability of the independent variables to "explain " the dependent variable. In this case, investigators may face the "R~syndrome " and the "spurious regression " problems. However, the R2 statistic is only valid if the proposed model must be linear and include a constant or intercept term and be estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) Furthermore, it must be noted that the R2 may not be directly comparable if the dependent variables of the models under consideration are not the same.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, tourism and regional imbalances: The case of Java are discussed in the context of the Malay World and the case of tourism in Indonesia and Malay countries.
Abstract: (1998). Tourism and regional imbalances: The case of Java. Indonesia and the Malay World: Vol. 26, No. 75, pp. 136-144.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction effect of contigency factors (such as top management support and user-developer communication) on relationship between user participation and user satisfaction was investigated.
Abstract: The importance of user participation to improve user satisfaction in the systems development process has been widely recognized in the literature However, the perspective has suffered from equivocal results of empirical test and the absence of a theoritical explanation for the relationship The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction effect of contigency factor — top management support and user-developer communication — on relationship between user participation and user satisfaction As suggested in the literatur, this study test hypotheses that these specific contigency factors should aid in indentifying situation where user participation would have a strong relationship with satisfaction This study based on the responses of 94 midle manager from different organizations The result of the analysis indicated that user participation has a direct relationship with user satisfaction In addition, the contingency factors were found to play key roles on this relationship Top management support proved to be quasi moderator In project where there was a high level of top management support, the relationship between user participation and user satisfaction was significantly stronger than in project where top management support was low User-developer communication were shown to be independent predictor of user satisfaction User developer communication was positively related to user satisfaction regardless of the level of participation The result have implications to systems developers and to academicians seeking to explain how, when, why and where user participation is needed It was also explained the relationship between user participation and user satisfaction by suggesting the nature of relationship under different sets of conditions Keywords: User participation, user satisfaction, top management support, user-developer communication

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors mengenai gabungan leverage operasi and leverage finansial pada tingkat risiko sistematik perusahaan publik Indonesia.
Abstract: Studi ini meneliti tentang pengaruh tingkat leverage operasi dan leverage finansial pada tingkat risiko sistematik perusahaan publik Indonesia. Studi ini mengembangkan lebih lanjut studi mengenai gabungan leverage operasi dan leverage finansial dengan tingkat risiko sistematik yang telah banyak dilakukan di lingkungan pasar modal yang sudah mapan seperti New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), yang hasilnya tidak konsisten (misalnya, studi oleh Lev 1974, Mandelker dan Rhee 1984, dan Huffman 1987). Studi inijuga mengembangkan studi tentang masalah risiko saham di Indonesia yang sebelumnya telah diteliti misalnya oleh Budiarti (1996) dan Tandelilin (1997). Penelitian ini juga mempertimbangkan pengaruh ukuran dan jenis industri perusahaan, dan peneliti keseimbangan antara leverage operasi dan leverage finansial. Secara spesifik penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada literatur risiko saham yang telah ada dalam dua hal. Pertama, dibanding dengan penelitian sebelumnya, misalnya oleh Huffman (1987), penelitian ini menggunakan data perusahaan Indonesia yang mempunyai lingkungan pasar modal yang berkembang. Kedua, dibanding dengan penelitian masalah risiko yang telah dilakukan dengan data perusahaan Indonesia, Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel yang lebih besar dan menggunakan metodologi yang digunakan oleh Mandelker dan Rhee (1984) dan Huffman (1987) yang sebelumnya belum pernah diterapkan dalam penelitian dengan data Indonesia. Hasil analisis data terhadap 60 perusahaan publik di Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ) menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan merupakan variabel yang secara konsisten berpengaruh secara positif terhadap risiko beta. Sedangkan variabel industri tidak berpengaruh, dan variabel leverage operasi dan leverage finansial memberikan hasil yang tidak konsisten antara satu skenario metode pengukuran dengan skenario metode pengukuran yang lain. Dalam beberapa skenario pengaruh leverage operasi dan finansial juga tidak konsisten dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Faktor-faktor yang mungkin menyebabkan ketidak konsistenan ini meliputi metode penelitian yang berbeda, sampel, dan car a pengukuran variabel.

Journal Article
Arti Adji1
TL;DR: Tulisan in this paper bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah defisit anggaran meningkatkan Defisit transaksi berjalan seperti yang diharapkan oleh teori makroekonomi konvensional.
Abstract: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah defisit anggaran meningkatkan defisit transaksi berjalan seperti yang diharapkan oleh teori makroekonomi konvensional. Objek dari tulisan ini adalah lima negara pendiri ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand dan Philipina). Terdapat debat mengenai pengaruh defisit anggaran terhadap defisit transaksi berjalan. Pendekatan konvensional menyatakan bahwa defisit anggaran akan meningkatkan defisit transaksi berjalan melalui pengaruh tingkat bunga dan pengaruh output. Pendekatan Ricardian meyakini bahwa defisit anggaran dan defisit transaksi berjalan tidak berhubungan. Selama ini studi-studi empiris menghasilkan kesimpulan yang mendua. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa pada awal 1980-an defisit transaksi berjalan di ASEAN-5 terutama disebabkan oleh defisit anggaran, sedangkan pada tahun 1990-an defisit transaksi berjalan lebih banyak disebabkan oleh adanya investasi yang berlebihan (overinvestment). Fenomena overinvestment ini disinyalir juga merupakan salah satu sebab timbulnya krisis keuangan di Asia Tenggara.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, an emperical study to Macroeconomic of Indonesia 1978.3-1994.4 with econometric approach, and be emphasized on its short run behavior is directed to seek for the approval of treatment for sintesa Monetarist-Keynes in order to analysis Macro-economic of Indonesian by ekonometric method and though reduced form equation will try to express the impact ofgoverment expenditure, the riil exchange rate index, and the domestic credit changes to Income, price and Balance of Payment.
Abstract: An emperical study to Macroeconomic of Indonesia 1978.3-1994.4 with econometric approach, and be emphasized on its short run behaviour is directed to seek for the approval of treatment for sintesa Monetarist-Keynes in order to analysis Macro-economic of Indonesia by ekonometric method and though reduced form equation will try to express the impact ofgoverment expenditure, the riil exchange rate index, and the domestic credit changes to Income, price and Balance of Payment. The reduced form coefficient are called impact multiplier, since they measure the immediate response of the endogenous variables to changes in the predetermined variable. Debate and controversy between rival school economic thinking are conducted the theoritical level, the emperical level, and the policy level, especially, in order to express the Balance of payment. The Moneterist view balance of payment surplus and deficit as monetery flow due to stock disequilibrium in the money market or a balance of payment disequilibrium is a merely a reflection of a disequilibrium in the money market. Thus the monetary approach to the balance of payment asserts that the balance of payment involves essential monetary fenomena, in which that increase in income imply that the balance of payment improves, since the demand for money rises. On the other hand, the balance of payment expression in Keynes approach, however, associates increases in income with increased import and a detiorating balance of payment. Does this mean that the two approach provide conflicting views on the balance of payments. Actually, the different between them lies in the way the balance of payment is looked at, in which Keynes look at the balance of payment statistik from the top down (ie. the current account) while' the monetarist look for the bottom up (ie. the change in Reserve).

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a penelitian ini memperluas temuan sebelumnya dengan meneliti pengaruh perubahan keyakinan (belief revision; pada keiaaian membayar pajak), namun pengambilan keputusan yang kompleks, seperti halnya ketaatan dalam membajak, tidak bisa hanya diamati dari sudut psikologi kognilif ataupun behavioral,
Abstract: Kompleksitas urusan pajak yang tinggi dan faktor ekonomi bisa menyebabkan ketidaktaatan pembayar pajak. Paper ini melaporkan tiga eksperimen yang meneliti faktor-faktor tersebut secara simultan dalam kerangka belief revision theory (Einhorn & Hogarth, 1985; Hogarth & Einhorn. 1989). Di samping itu, penelitian ini memperluas temuan sebelumnya dengan meneliti pengaruh perubahan keyakinan (belief revision; pada keiaaian membayar pajak. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa penyajian informasi secara berurutan dan konsisten punya pengaruh kecil pada perubahan keyakinan Relief revision; seseorang, sedangkan penyajian informasi secara campuran fmixedj punya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perubahan keyakinan (belief change; individu lentang keiaaian pajak. Di samping hasil tersebul, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perubahan keyakinan pembayar pajak berpengaruh pada ketaaiannya dalam membayar pajak, namun pengaruh tersebut lergantung juga pada pengaruh reinforcer ratio. Temuan-temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan yang kompleks, seperti halnya ketaatan dalam membayar pajak, tidak bisa hanya diamati dari sudut psikologi kognilif ataupun behavioral, melainkan harus dilihat dengan dua perspektif tersebut sekaligus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate whether Cash-Flow Statements influence investors' decisions and find that the investment decisions made by the investors are a reaction to the information received by them, which is expected to be reflected in the change of the average relative trading volume activity around the dates of financial statements published two years prior to two years after Cash Flow Statements are publications.
Abstract: The efficient market hypotheses state that security prices instaneously reflect all relevant available information. In other words, the investment decisions made by the investors are a reaction to the information received by them. The financial statements published consist of specific information about the firm, and in the Financial Accounting Standards (Standar Akuntansi Keuangan) No. 2 the Cash-Flow Statements as part of financial statements must be published since January 1, 1995. The objective of this study, is to investigate whether Cash-Flow Statements influence investors decisions. This is expected to be reflected in the change of the average relative trading volume activity (TVA) around the dates of financial statements published two years prior to two years after Cash Flow Statements are publications. Analysis of 37 security samples indicate that: (1) For financial statements of December, 31 1991 and 1992, TVA did not significantly relate to the financial statement published, while for the financial statements of December, 31 1993 and 1994 TVA related significantly to the financial statements published. This results provide empirical evidence that investors react to the financial statements as of Desember , 31 1993 and 1994. (2) There is a significant difference between TVA two years prior with two years after Cash Flows Statements publication. The result indicates that TVA prior Cash Flow Statements publication ( TVA 1991 = O,1355, 1992 = 0,0745) and after Cash Flows Statements publication TVA 1993 = 0,0927, TVA 1994 = 0,0711). In fact these significantly difference caused of TVA three days around the financial statements Desember, 31 1991 publication date relatively higher to 1992, 1993, and 1994. Is probably caused of bullish condition in Indonesian stock market in 1989 up to 1990, where many investors bought the stocks without really considering the information contains in the financial statements. This case were also supported by the result of first hyphotheses in this research, and the findings of Papilaya (1989) and Hendrayati (1992) indicate that the investors did not use financial information in investment decision making. Keywords: Financial Statements, Cash-Flows Statements, Trading Volume Activity

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the von Thunen model to the Indonesian economy and showed that the determinants of land rent (level of development) are the size of an urban area and accessibility to the urban area.
Abstract: Location theory shows how firms at first choose their respective optimal location and finally decide to locate in the same area (with the lowest isodapane) so that it forms a city, which is something that has to happen when firms want to operate efficiently and profitably. Further, von Thunen's concentric zone model shows that the determinants of land rent (level of development) are the size of an urban area and accessibility to the urban area. The size of an urban area has a positive effect on the level of development, whereas the accessibility has negative effect on the level of development. The application of that model to the U.S. economy has supported the expectation that urban areas and accessibility influence the level of development. The results of applying the Thunen model to the Indonesian economy will indicate whether the number of-cities and the sizes of cities and the number and types of roads/highways in Indonesia are already optimal or not so that the national urban development strategy in Indonesia needs to be revised or not.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama menguji secara empiris sebagian dari model Rantai Teknologi-Kinerja (Technology-to-Performance Chain (TPC)) untuk membantu memperoleh pemahaman ying lebih baik tentang kaitan antara sistem informasi and kinerja individual.
Abstract: Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama menguji secara empiris sebagian dari model Rantai Teknologi-Kinerja (Technology-to-Performance Chain (TPC)) untuk membantu memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kaitan antara sistem informasi dan kinerja individual. Bagian utama model menyatakan bahwa agar teknologi informasi mempunyai dampak positif terhadap kinerja individual, maka teknologi tersebut harus: (I) dimanfaatkan dan (2) mengandung faktor kecocokan tugas-teknologi yang menunjukkan kecocokan dengan tugas yang didukungnya. Model TPC dalam studi ini terdukung secara kuat dengan hasil analisis regresi berganda secara simultan atas data yang berasal dari 75 managerial knowledge workers yang tersebar pada lebih dari 50 perusahaan terkemuka di Indonesia. Temuan penelitian juga memberikan dukungan yang moderat terhadap hipotesis faktor kecocokan tugas-teknologi mempengaruhi pemanfaatan sistem informasi oleh individu. Penelitian ini memusatkan pada pentingnya faktor yang menunjukkan kecocokan antara teknologi dengan tugas individu dalam memperoleh dampak kinerja individual dari teknologi informasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar faktor kecocokan tugas-teknologi dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi dasar yang kuat dalam pengembangan alat diagnosis untuk mengevaluasi apakah sistem informasi beserta layanannya pada organisasi tertentu telah memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan individu.

DOI
Pratikno1
01 Nov 1998
TL;DR: Tulisan ini membahas dua pertanyaan utama, yaitu mengapa otoritarianisme Orde Baru mengalami keretakan, dan bagaimana prospek demokratisasi di Indonesia herangkat and puing-puing politik ying diwariskan ORDE Baru.
Abstract: Tulisan ini membahas dua pertanyaan utama, yaitu mengapa otoritarianisme Orde Baru mengalami keretakan, dan bagaimana prospek demokratisasi di Indonesia herangkat dan puing-puing politik yang diwariskan Orde Baru. Penulis mengajukan argumentasi bahwa keretakan otoritarianisme Orde Baru disehahkan oleh dua hal utama. Pertama, negara pada rejim Orde Baru mengalami krisis sumber kekuasaan politik secara sigmfikan, negara tidak mempunyai energi yang cukup untuk mengontrol masyarakat. Kedua, peningkatan kendakpuasan masyarakat yang tahun-tahun terakhir dan pada saat yang sama pengua tan kelembagaan dalam masyarakatakhirnya mendorong proses pelemhagaan politik di tingkat masyarakat untuk melakukan resistensi dan pedawanan terbuka kepada negara. Namun demildan, demokrasi tidak sena merta menggantikan otontarianisme politik yang sedang retak, Vrang dalam kekuasaan' akan menjadi proponen kelangsungan rejim Orde Baru. Melalui sumber daya ekonomi dan akses kepada kekuasaan negara, 'orang dalam kekuasaan' ini akan dengan membangun wacana tandingan terhadap wacana demokrasi dan membeli loyalitas dari rakyat.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, perkembangan and pemanfaatan teknologi informasi (TI) di berbagai bidang sudah sangat cepat dan meluas, termasuk bidang pemasaran.
Abstract: Perkembangan dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi (TI) di berbagai bidang sudah sangat cepat dan meluas, termasuk bidang pemasaran. Praktek pemasaran seperti ini mendapat perhatian untuk diadopsi sebagai bagian dari materi dalam kurikulum pemasaran diperguruan tinggi. Mengajarkan kepada mahasiswa pemasaran tentang TI pemasaran telah menjadi kebutuhan agar para lulusan dapat memiliki keterampilan yang memadai. Beberapa alternatif pilihan dalam pemanfaatan TI pada pendidikan pemasaran dibahas dalam artikel ini. Di samping itu juga dibahas persyaratan mata kuliah dengan topik TI untuk jenjang Sarjana, pendekatan pengajarannya, dan pemasaran di internet sebagai salah satu contoh aplikasi pemanfaatan TI dalam pemasaran.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a survey to answer the question: what are the factors that influence the intention of accounting degree candidates to take USAP, and the respondents were the final semester students of accounting department economic faculties and colleges around Yogyakarta.
Abstract: The government of Indonesia through Minister of Finance Decree No 43/KMK. 017/ 1997 slated that all accountants whose intend to run accountant public offices should take Certified Public Accountant Exam (USAP). The exam will be conducted and operated by special committee that will be appointed by Indonesian Institute of Accountants (1AI). This exam may be taken by anyone holding SI degree in accounting (equivalent undergraduate degree). Accounting graduate holding degrees may choose to take this exam when he/she want to open a public accounting office in the future. The 'animo' and motivation of accountant candidates are still questionable whether they are interested to take or not to take this exam after they will hold degree in accounting. This study intents to answer the question: what are the factors that influence the intention of accounting degree candidates to take USAP. The respondents are the final semester students of accounting department economic faculties and colleges around Yogyakarta. 440 students participated in this survey covering seven universities and colleges. The results indicate that the factor of quality is the most important factor in taking the USAP, followed by career and economic factors. The other results show that genders, income, and family factors do not influence the intention to take the exam. Intuitively, it can be concluded that those students being studied fee! that the improving quality by taking USAP is important to improve professionalism facing the keener competition in 21" century.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test the existence of winner-loser anomaly in the Jakarta Stock Exchange using market adjusted abnormal return, data from December 1990 to June 1997, and overlapping six months formation/test periods, and they did not find any indication of market overreaction.
Abstract: The fluctuation of of stock prices, in many occassions, are related to so called market anomalies. One of those anomalies is known as a winnerloser anomaly. A winner-loser anomaly is identified when stocks that initially earned extremely positive abnormal returns (winners) or extremely negative abnormal returns (losers) experience extended reversal, so that losers can outperform winners. The presence of this anomaly creates a contrarian investment strategy: buy loserstocks and sellshort the winner-stocks, in order to earn significant positif abnormal return. De bondt and Thaler (1985) suggested the overreaction hypothesis as an explanation of this anomaly. The hypothesis claims that the market tends to overreact to (especially new and dramatic) information. The market overvalues stock prices as a reaction to good news and undervalues stock prices as a reaction to bad news. This phenomenon is reversed when it is recognized that the market has overreacted to the information. The purpose of this research is to test the existence of winnerloser anomaly in the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Using market adjusted abnormal return, data from December 1990 to June 1997, and overlapping six months formation/test periods, this research does not find any indication of market overreaction. So, it is not suggested that investor can use the contrarian investment strategy. This research also finds that there is no significant difference between average size of winners and losers.