Gadjah Mada University

About: Gadjah Mada University is a education organization based out in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 17307 authors who have published 21389 publications receiving 116561 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Gajah Mada & Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Revisiting the role of organic acids in the bicarbonate tolerance of zinc-efficient rice genotypes

Abstract: It has been hypothesised that enhanced organic acid release from the roots of zinc-efficient rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes plays a strong role in plant tolerance to both bicarbonate excess and Zn deficiency. To address several uncertainties in the literature surrounding the tolerance of rice to bicarbonate, we initially assessed the tolerance of six rice genotypes to bicarbonate stress under field conditions and in solution culture. The landrace Jalmagna and its recombinant inbred offspring, RIL46, consistently performed better in terms of maintenance of biomass and root length under high bicarbonate concentrations. In the hydroponic experiments, increased root malate (but not citrate) accumulation and efflux were responses to high solution bicarbonate in the short-term (12 h) in all genotypes. Although both citrate and malate accumulation and efflux increased after long-term exposure (10 days) to high bicarbonate and Zn deficiency, it coincided with amino acid leakage from the roots. Partial least-squares regression showed that this leakage consistently ranked highly as an indicator of poor plant health under all stress conditions, whereas specific malate efflux (the ratio of malate to amino acid efflux) was an important predictor of good plant health. The root leakage of Zn-inefficient genotypes under bicarbonate and dual stress (bicarbonate with low Zn) was typically higher than in Zn-efficient genotypes, and coincided with higher peroxide concentrations, suggesting that bicarbonate tolerance is related to the ability of Zn-efficient genotypes to overcome oxidative stress, maintain root membrane integrity and minimise root leakage.

Influence of the institutional and socio-economic context for responding to disasters: case study of the 1994 and 2006 eruptions of the Merapi Volcano, Indonesia

Abstract: Abstract This article explores the institutional responses to the volcanic crises and related problems encountered during the 1994 and 2006 eruptions of the Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. It also illustrates traditional responses to the volcanic crisis led by the local community and provides recommendations to encourage a comprehensive institutional volcanic crisis management including community-based response. This study aims to understand and to explain the gap between institutional responses and the community's perception during pre- to post-crisis situations. Interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions revealed that top-down institutional responses to the volcanic crisis are not fully appropriate in regions with a high cultural perception. Working with the community is an ideal solution to minimize the gap between the government, scientists, non-governmental organizations and the community itself. A community-based methodology combined with natural hazard studies generates comprehensive risk and crisis management.

Hydrochlorothiazide enhances UVA-induced DNA damage.

Abstract: The UVA is currently thought to be carcinogenic because, similar to UVB, it induces the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Various drugs have been reported to cause photosensitive drug eruptions as an adverse effect. Although the precise mechanism of photosensitive drug eruption remains to be elucidated, it is generally accepted that free radicals and other reactive molecules generated via UV-irradiated drugs play important roles in the pathogenesis of photosensitive drug eruptions. The waveband of concern for photo-reactive drugs is UVA-visible light, but some extend into the UVB region. We tested whether photosensitive drugs could enhance CPD formation after UVA exposure by using isolated DNA in the presence of several reported photosensitive drugs using high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that the diuretic agent hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) significantly enhanced the production of TT dimers over a wide range of UVA. Furthermore, we investigated whether UVA plus HCT could enhance CPD production in xeroderma pigmentosum model mice defective in nucleotide excision repair. Immunofluorescence studies showed that CPD formation in the skin significantly increased after 365 nm narrow-band UVA irradiation in the presence of HCT, compared with that in wild-type mice. HCT could be used with caution because of its enhancement of UVA-induced DNA damage.

Implementing performance measurement systems: Indonesian local government under pressure

Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to explore the perceived drivers behind the implementation of performance measurement systems (PMSs) in Indonesian local government (ILG). It analytically assesses Indonesia’s attempt to introduce PMSs by addressing three research questions: Do organisations in developing countries actually use PMSs to aid decision-making and help plan for future performance improvement? (RQ1) Do the three isomorphic pressures exist in the development and use of PMSs? (RQ2) and If institutional isomorphism is evident, can accountability exist within the development and use of PMSs given these pressures? (RQ3). Design/methodology/approach – This research explores the perceived drivers behind the implementation of performance measurement systems (PMSs) in Indonesian local government (ILG). It analytically assesses Indonesia’s attempt to introduce a PMS by addressing three research questions: RQ1 Do organisations in developing countries actually use PMSs to aid decision-making and help plan for futu...

Characterization of slow slip rate faults in humid areas: Cimandiri fault zone, Indonesia

Abstract: In areas where regional tectonic strain is accommodated by broad zones of short and low slip-rate faults, geomorphic and paleoseismic characterization of faults is difficult because of poor surface expression and long earthquake recurrence intervals. In humid areas, faults can be buried by thick sediments or soils; their geomorphic expression subdued and sometimes undetectable until the next earthquake. In Java, active faults are diffused and their characterization is challenging. Among them is the ENE-striking Cimandiri fault zone. Cumulative displacement produces prominent ENE-oriented ranges with the southeast side moving relatively upward and to the northeast. The fault zone is expressed in the bedrock by numerous NE, W and NW-trending thrust- and strike-slip faults and folds. However, it is unclear which of these structures are active. We performed a morphometric analysis of the fault zone using 30-m resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM-DEM). We constructed longitudinal profiles of 601 bedrock rivers along the up-thrown ranges along the fault zone, calculated the normalized channel steepness index (ksn), identified knickpoints and use their distribution to infer relative magnitudes of rock uplift and locate boundaries that may indicate active fault traces. We compare the rock uplift distribution to surface displacement predicted by elastic dislocation model to determine the plausible fault kinematics. The active Cimandiri fault zone consists of six segments with predominant sense of reverse motion. This geometric characterization implies a maximum earthquake magnitude along its 100 km length of M7.3, but its geometric complexity suggests greater segmentation and smaller events.\