Gadjah Mada University

About: Gadjah Mada University is a education organization based out in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 17307 authors who have published 21389 publications receiving 116561 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Gajah Mada & Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Stable establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti populations in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract: The successful establishment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia for the control of arbovirus transmission by Aedes aegypti has been proposed and is being implemented in a number of countries. Here we describe the successful establishment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia in four sites in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We demonstrate that Wolbachia can be successfully introgressed after transient releases of wMel-infected eggs or adult mosquitoes. We demonstrate that the approach is acceptable to communities and that Wolbachia maintains itself in the mosquito population once deployed. Finally, our data show that spreading rates of Wolbachia in the Indonesian setting are slow which may reflect more limited dispersal of Aedes aegypti than seen in other sites such as Cairns, Australia.

Uric acid causes kidney injury through inducing fibroblast expansion, Endothelin-1 expression, and inflammation.

Abstract: Uric acid (UA) plays important roles in inducing renal inflammation, intra-renal vasoconstriction and renal damage. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a well-known profibrotic factor in the kidney and is associated with fibroblast expansion. We examined the role of hyperuricemia conditions in causing elevation of ET-1 expression and kidney injury. Hyperuricemia was induced in mice using daily intraperitoneal injection of uric acid 125 mg/Kg body weight. An NaCl injection was used in control mice. Mice were euthanized on days-7 (UA7) and 14 (UA14). We also added allopurinol groups (UAL7 and UAL14) with supplementation of allopurinol 50 mg/Kg body weight orally. Uric acid and creatinine serum were measured from blood serum. Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Sirius Red staining were done for glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and fibrosis quantification. mRNA expression examination was performed for nephrin, podocin, preproEndothelin-1 (ppET-1), MCP-1 and ICAM-1. PDGFRβ immunostaining was done for quantification of fibroblast, while α-SMA immunostaining was done for localizing myofibroblast. Western blot analysis was conducted to quantify TGF-β1, α-SMA and Endothelin A Receptor (ETAR) protein expression. Uric acid and creatinine levels were elevated after 7 and 14 days and followed by significant increase of glomerulosclerosis and tubular injury score in the uric acid group (p < 0.05 vs. control). Both UA7 and UA14 groups had higher fibrosis, tubular injury and glomerulosclerosis with significant increase of fibroblast cell number compared with control. RT-PCR revealed down-regulation of nephrin and podocin expression (p < 0.05 vs. control), and up-regulation of MCP-1, ET-1 and ICAM-1 expression (p < 0.05 vs. control). Western blot revealed higher expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA protein expression. Determination of allopurinol attenuated kidney injury was based on reduction of fibroblast cell number, inflammation mediators and ppET-1 expression with reduction of TGF-β1 and α-SMA protein expression. UA induced glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and renal fibrosis with reduction of podocyte function and inflammatory mediator elevation. ET-1 and fibroblast expansion might modulate hyperuricemia induced renal fibrosis.

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval for atmospheric correction in Landsat-8 imagery using second simulation of a satellite signal in the solar spectrum-vector (6SV)

Abstract: Atmospheric correction has been challenging task in digital image processing. It requires several atmospheric parameters in order to obtain accurate surface reflectance of objects within the image scene. One of the most crucial parameters required for accurate atmospheric correction is aerosol optical depth (AOD). AOD can be obtained by in-situ measurement or estimated from remote sensing observation. In this experiment, atmospheric correction was performed using second simulation of a satellite signal in the solar spectrum-vector (6SV) algorithm on Landsat-8 imagery in which AOD parameter was retrieved from surface reflectance inversion involving daily-global surface reflectance product of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). Furthermore, AOD retrieved from surface reflectance inversion was also validated using ground-based sun photometer observation data from aerosol robotic network (AERONET) station in Bandung, Indonesia. Our experiment shows the consistency between AOD from surface reflectance inversion and AOD from ground-based observation. Finally, 6SV was performed on Landsat-8 imagery to obtain the surface reflectance. We further compared surface reflectance of 6SV atmospheric correction and surface reflectance of Landsat-8 Level 2 product. The atmospherically corrected image also shared agreeable result with Landsat 8 Level-2 product.

Whey protein-polysaccharide conjugates obtained via dry heat treatment to improve the heat stability of whey protein stabilized emulsions

Abstract: Background As the demand for “clean label emulsions” and natural emulsifiers is increasing, whey proteins have a big potency to be used as an emulsifier in food emulsions. However, in order to enable their application, whey proteins should withstand high temperature processing. Hence, the limited heat stability of whey proteins is a major drawback: they are highly heat labile and thus prone to heat induced protein denaturation and aggregation. As this phenomenon highly impacts their functionality, it is of utmost importance to increase the heat stability of whey proteins to broaden their application in the food industry, which requires a thorough knowledge of the heat stability properties of whey proteins. Scope and approach To better understand the heat stabilizing activity of whey protein-polysaccharides conjugates, studies on the heat stability of whey proteins and whey protein stabilized emulsions, as well as approaches to improve their heat stability, especially using the dry heat treatment method are reviewed. Key findings and conclusions Chemical modification by combining whey proteins and polysaccharides has been reported to successfully improve the heat stability of the obtained conjugates. Hence, this new whey protein-polysaccharide material is promising to be used as a natural emulsifier.