Gadjah Mada University

About: Gadjah Mada University is a education organization based out in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 17307 authors who have published 21389 publications receiving 116561 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Gajah Mada & Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Application of Fast Gas Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Analysis of Lard Adulteration in Virgin Coconut Oil

Abstract: Lard (LD) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) share some similarities such as having transparent to yellowish color and are solid at room temperature; hence, as a consequent, LD may be a potential oil adulterant in VCO. This study highlights the application of fast gas chromatography with surface acoustic wave detector (GC-SAW system) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to analyze the presence of LD in VCO. Binary admixtures of LD in VCO in various percentage concentrations ranging from 1% to 50% (v/v) were assayed using the fast GC-SAW system and FTIR spectroscopy. Using the fast GC-SAW system, ten different chromatogram peaks were identified as the adulterant peaks. One peak in the fast GC-SAW system chromatogram was found to have the best relationship, with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9344. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy coupled with partial least square (PLS) and discriminant analysis (DA) can be successfully developed for quantification and classification of LD in VCO. The results showed that PLS able to predict the LD contents in VCO with equation of \( y = 0.{999} \times + 0.00{6} \), for the correlation between actual value of LD (x) and FTIR predicted value (y) with R2 of 0.9990 at frequency regions of 3,020–3,000 cm−1 and 1,120–1,000 cm−1. DA can classify VCO and that adulterated with LD using the FTIR spectra at the same frequency regions used in quantification.

Twinning: A rewarding scenario for development of oncology services in transitional countries

Abstract: INTRODUCTIONMore than 80% of the children worldwide live inless affluent countries [1]. Although in those countries,childhood malignancies form an important part of themorbidity, adequate treatment is often not possible.In many of the transitional countries however, the basicstructure of health care would be sufficient to supportPediatric Oncology Clinics. Treatment of childhoodcancer in these countries is more compellingsince effortsto reduce the mortality from diarrhea, pneumonia, andother infectious diseases for instance, have been verysuccessful with the help of large international organiza-tions like the World Health Organization. Therefore,cancerisincreasinginimportanceasacauseofmorbidityandmortality.InPediatricOncology,twinningisanestab-lished form of cooperation between Pediatric OncologyClinics in resource rich and resource limited countries.Several twinning projects have been reported and havedemonstrated considerable success [2–5]. Often parentorganizations, both in developed and underdevelopedcountries,haveplayedanimportantrole[6].Mostoftheseprograms started with treatment protocols for acutelymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most frequent malig-nancy in children and also one of the most curable withmodern chemotherapy. Here, we report on a twinningprogram that may add some new insights into factors thatdetermine success or failure of these programs.Development of the Wijaya Kusuma ALL ProtocolIndonesiaisamulti-islandstate,andthelargestMuslimnation in the world. Indonesia and The Netherlands havea long common history. In 1945, Indonesia declaredindependence from The Netherlands and the first yearsafter this event, contacts between the two countriesdecreased. However, in the 1970s many new cooperationprograms were set up. Both senior authors of this articlebecameinvolvedasyoungpediatricians,studyingdenguehemorrhagic fever. The initiative of a Dutch parent inthe early 90s, led to an action to support Indonesianchildren with leukemia. Through his fund-raising efforts,financialsupportwasprovidedformedicines,forimprov-ingpartofthewardforchildrenwithleukemia,aswellasfortoys,books,andavideofortheplayroom.Theexistingrelation between the authors was used to start the projectandtodraftanewALLprotocolin1992.ThisCOM-ALL-92 protocol coupled the Dutch ALL-VI protocol [7] withsomeelementsoftheBFM86protocol[8].Analysisofthefirst 105 patients entered on the protocol showed thatthe early drop-out percentage was massive at about 50%,and many patients did not even start treatment. From theremaining patients another half were lost to follow-upduring treatment, primarily due to the cost of treatmentotherthancytostaticdrugs,aswellashealthbelieffactors.However, from the small remaining group of 22 patientswhowereabletofollowthetreatment,only5hadadverseevents,sotheevent-freesurvivalofthecompliantpatients4 years after diagnosis (Kaplan–Meier curve) was about60%. This served as proof of principle: leukemia wascurableinIndonesiaaswell,butitwasexpensive.Thecostof treatment, about Euro 2,000/m

Improved strategy for estimating stem volume and forest biomass using moderate resolution remote sensing data and GIS

Abstract: This study presents the utility of remote sensing (RS), GIS and field observation data to estimate above ground biomass (AGB) and stem volume over tropical forest environment. Application of those data for the modeling of forest properties is site specific and highly uncertain, thus further study is encouraged. In this study we used 1460 sampling plots collected in 16 transects measuring tree diameter (DBH) and other forest properties which were useful for the biomass assessment. The study was carried out in tropical forest region in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The AGB density was estimated applying an existing DBH — biomass equation. The estimate was superimposed over the modified GIS map of the study area, and the biomass density of each land cover was calculated. The RS approach was performed using a subset of sample data to develop the AGB and stem volume linear equation models. Pearson correlation statistics test was conducted using ETM bands reflectance, vegetation indices, image transform layers, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) bands, Tasseled Cap (TC), Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture features and DEM data as the predictors. Two linear models were generated from the significant RS data. To analyze total biomass and stem volume of each land cover, Landsat ETM images from 2000 and 2003 were preprocessed, classified using maximum likelihood method, and filtered with the majority analysis. We found 158±16 m3·ha−1 of stem volume and 168±15 t·ha−1 of AGB estimated from RS approach, whereas the field measurement and GIS estimated 157±92 m3·ha−1 and 167±94 t·ha−1 of stem volume and AGB, respectively. The dynamics of biomass abundance from 2000 to 2003 were assessed from multi temporal ETM data and we found a slightly declining trend of total biomass over these periods. Remote sensing approach estimated lower biomass abundance than did the GIS and field measurement data. The earlier approach predicted 10.5 Gt and 10.3 Gt of total biomasses in 2000 and 2003, while the later estimated 11.9 Gt and 11.6 Gt of total biomasses, respectively. We found that GLCM mean texture features showed markedly strong correlations with stem volume and biomass.

Preventive therapy in children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: problems and solutions.

Abstract: Young children living with a tuberculosis patient are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease WHO guidelines promote active screening and isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (PT) for such children under 5 years, yet this well-established intervention is seldom used in endemic countries We review the literature regarding barriers to implementation of PT and find that they are multifactorial, including difficulties in screening, poor adherence, fear of increasing INH resistance and poor acceptability among primary caregivers and healthcare workers These barriers are largely resolvable, and proposed solutions such as the adoption of symptom-based screening and shorter drug regimens are discussed Integrated multicomponent and site-specific solutions need to be developed and evaluated within a public health framework to overcome the policy-practice gap and provide functional PT programmes for children in endemic settings