Gadjah Mada University

About: Gadjah Mada University is a education organization based out in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 17307 authors who have published 21389 publications receiving 116561 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Gajah Mada & Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle

Abstract: Purpose. Changes in retinal vascular parameters have been shown to be associated with systemic vascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the physiologic variations in retinal vascular measurements during the cardiac cycle. Methods. Fundus images were taken using electrocardiogram-synchronized retinal camera at nine distinct cardiac points from 15 healthy volunteers (135 images). Analyses of retinal vessel geometric measures, including retinal vessel caliber (individual and summary), tortuosity, branching angle, length-diameter ratio (LDR), and optimality deviation, were performed using semiautomated computer software. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to obtain the means and to estimate the variation of each cardiac point compared with cardiac point 1. Results. There was a significant variation of the caliber of the individual arteriolar and venular vessels. However, there was no significant variation found for vessel caliber summary, represented by the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and the central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). There was also no significant variation found for tortuosity and branching angle, and LDR showed none or very little variations at different cardiac points: variations in caliber ranges between 0 and 4.1%, tortuosity 0 and 1.5%, branching angle 0 and 3.5%, and LDR 0 and 2%; all values for variations, P > 0.1; linear trend, P > 0.5; and nonlinear trend, P > 0.8. Conclusions. This study showed that there were minimal variations in the CRAE, CRVE, tortuosity, and branching angle that are clinically used for two-dimensional measures of retinal vascular geometry during cardiac cycles. However, there was significant variation in the caliber of the individual vessels over the cardiac cycle.

HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Abstract: Background : As the HIV/AIDS pandemic has evolved over recent decades, Africa has been the most affected region, even though a large proportion of HIV/AIDS deaths have not been documented at the individual level. Systematic application of verbal autopsy (VA) methods in defined populations provides an opportunity to assess the mortality burden of the pandemic from individual data. Objective : To present standardised comparisons of HIV/AIDS-related mortality at sites across Africa and Asia, including closely related causes of death such as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and pneumonia. Design : Deaths related to HIV/AIDS were extracted from individual demographic and VA data from 22 INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia. VA data were standardised to WHO 2012 standard causes of death assigned using the InterVA-4 model. Between-site comparisons of mortality rates were standardised using the INDEPTH 2013 standard population. Results : The dataset covered a total of 10,773 deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS, observed over 12,204,043 person-years. HIV/AIDS-related mortality fractions and mortality rates varied widely across Africa and Asia, with highest burdens in eastern and southern Africa, and lowest burdens in Asia. There was evidence of rapidly declining rates at the sites with the heaviest burdens. HIV/AIDS mortality was also strongly related to PTB mortality. On a country basis, there were strong similarities between HIV/AIDS mortality rates at INDEPTH sites and those derived from modelled estimates. Conclusions : Measuring HIV/AIDS-related mortality continues to be a challenging issue, all the more so as anti-retroviral treatment programmes alleviate mortality risks. The congruence between these results and other estimates adds plausibility to both approaches. These data, covering some of the highest mortality observed during the pandemic, will be an important baseline for understanding the future decline of HIV/AIDS. Keywords : HIV/AIDS; tuberculosis; Africa; Asia; Mortality; INDEPTH Network; Verbal Autopsy; InterVA (Published: 29 October 2014) Citation: Glob Health Action 2014, 7 : 25370 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.25370 SPECIAL ISSUE : This paper is part of the Special Issue: INDEPTH Network Cause-Specific Mortality . More papers from this issue can be found at http://www.globalhealthaction.net

Rancangan Eksperimen-Kuasi

Abstract: Many studies in master psychology and professional psychology study programs used quasi-experimental methods, but there was no reference regarding quasi-experiments written in Indonesian. This article will fill in the blanks on reference to quasi-experimental methods. The article explains quasi-experimental design or non-randomized experimental design. According to Campbell quasi experimental design is divided into four types, namely (a) quasi-experimental design without control group or pretest, b) quasi experimental design with control group and pretest, c) time series design, and d) regression discontinuity design. Each type was broken down into a more specific design.

Mapping Seagrass from Space: Addressing the Complexity of Seagrass LAI Mapping

Abstract: Information of seagrass LAI is still lacking in most parts of the world due to the high cost of comprehensive mapping. In this paper, we described the use of remote sensing as the cost and time effective solution to perform continuous seagrass LAI mapping, and discussed the issues and difficulties encountered during the mapping. ASTER VNIR and ALOS AVNIR2 were used to perform the mapping. We proposed at life-form seagrass classification scheme to accommodate the low accuracy of at species level mapping. We also developed sampling mapping unit consist of several factors affecting the distribution of seagrass LAI. The results showed that sensor, method, and environmental limitation contribute to the low accuracy of seagrass LAI mapping.