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Institution

Geophysical Survey

FacilityObninsk, Russia
About: Geophysical Survey is a facility organization based out in Obninsk, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Geology & Seismology. The organization has 308 authors who have published 256 publications receiving 3067 citations. The organization is also known as: Federal State Institution of Science Geophysical Survey of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.


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Patent
13 Feb 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for generating a sequence of short radar pulses and a method plus apparatus for detecting those same short pulses when backscattered, even though they are heavily distorted by a target and have additive noise and unwanted signals superimposed on them.
Abstract: A method for generating a sequence of short radar pulses and a method plus apparatus for detecting those same short pulses when backscattered, even though they are heavily distorted by a target and have additive noise and unwanted signals superimposed on them. The method applies to pulses of long or short duration, including durations of 1 nanoseconds (1 ns) or less. The pulses are transmitted without the fine structure marking of a sinusoidal wave carrier, but organized into a coarse structure that results from incorporating them within a highly unconventional type of character, wherein a plurality of positive-going and negative-going pulses are transmitted such that each pulse is spaced apart from its neighbors. Each pulse is short, so the return signal is highly distorted. The sequence of positive-going and negative-going pulses are organized into a pattern of non-contiguous pulses that constitute a new type of "character", which may be thought of as a "spaced-apart-character". This "spaced-apart-character" is organized into a large coarse structure marking, so that a) the total transmitted energy is large, b) a receiver can selectively distinguish the wanted return signal from noise and unwanted signals, and c) reflections from targets longer than L=Δtc/2 are rejected.

37 citations

Patent
26 Jun 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a ground probing radar system comprising a plurality of antennas for transmitting is considered, where for each transmitting antenna, an associated individual driver means selectively operable in response to an enabling signal unique to each antenna.
Abstract: A ground probing radar system comprising a plurality of antennas for transmitting. Where for each transmitting antenna, an associated individual driver means selectively operable in response to an enabling signal unique to each antenna. Upon receiving a triggering signal, the driver means supplies to its associated antenna a single impulse of power to be radiated. Further providing that a means for supplying the trigger signal to each of the driver means only one at a time, thereby insuring that no two antennas are supplied power to be radiated at the same time.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an impulse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for possible rover deployment on Mars in 2009 is well underway, which is capable of measuring in situ radar properties on Mars to depths of up to 10-20 m, thereby helping to constrain near-surface geology and structure.
Abstract: [1] Design and testing of an impulse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for possible rover deployment on Mars in 2009 is well underway. The GPR has mass, power, volume, and data-rate targets of 0.5 kg, 3 W (peak), 3400 cm3, and 0.3 Mb/d and will possess easily modified bistatic high-frequency (e.g., 500–600 MHz) and monostatic “rat-tail” (e.g., 100 MHz) antennas. The GPR should be capable of measuring in situ radar properties on Mars to depths of up to 10–20 m, thereby helping to constrain near-surface geology and structure. Initial GPR tests at the site of the 2001 FIDO rover field trials near Cronese Lake, California, confirm the value of the instrument in defining local geologic setting and in providing context for data collected using other rover science payload elements. A rover-deployed GPR may enable three-dimensional mapping of local stratigraphy, which in turn can assist in evaluating the history of aqueous activity and the accessibility of near-surface water.

36 citations

Patent
26 Sep 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a method of detecting an object that may be coated with material for preventing or attenuating reflections of incident electromagnetic waves is disclosed in which pulses of electromagnetic wave energy are generated with a large relative bandwidth in the band from about 0.1 GHz to about 12.0 GHz.
Abstract: A method of detecting an object that may be coated with material for preventing or attenuating reflections of incident electromagnetic waves is disclosed in which pulses of electromagnetic wave energy are generated with a large relative bandwidth in the band from about 0.1 GHz to about 12.0 GHz. Preferably, the generated pulses have a pulse duration in the range from 0.1 nanosecond to 1 nanosecond. Those pulses of electromagnetic wave energy are directed toward the object and reflections of those pulses of electromagnetic wave energy which are incident on the object are detected by receiving apparatus. The method enables coated objects to be differentiated from uncoated objects.

36 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) system was used to assess railroad track substructure conditions, especially ballast, in order to overcome the limited electromagnetic waves penetration for high frequency antennae and the low resolution of low-frequency antennae.
Abstract: This paper discusses the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) to rapidly, effectively, and continuously assess railroad track substructure conditions, especially ballast. To overcome the limited electromagnetic waves penetration for high-frequency antennae and the low resolution of low-frequency antennae, this study uses a multiple-frequency GPR system to assess railroad substructure conditions. High-frequency antennae were used to detect the scattering pattern, which is related to air void volume in railroad ballast, and low-frequency antennae are used to assess deeper substructure conditions. Considering the scattering energy attenuation is highly frequency and material dependent, a time–frequency method based on tracking the frequency spectrum and energy change over depth can be used to extract ballast fouling conditions. From GPR field collected data, ground-truth observation, and ballast gradation analysis, the multiple-frequency GPR system demonstrates a promising capability to assess railroad track substructure condition.

35 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202311
202220
202119
20209
201916
201810