Showing papers by "Georgia College & State University published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report three experiments on negative mood regulation in which whether moodcongruency or mood-incongruency effects of negative mood on cognition were observed was dependent on an individual's self-esteem (SE).
Abstract: The authors report 3 experiments on negative mood regulation in which whether mood-congruency or mood-incongruency effects of negative mood on cognition were observed was dependent on an individual's self-esteem (SE). We found that most of our 224 participants tended toward mood-congruent recall under control conditions in which mood was relatively neutral. However, when a negative emotional state was induced, participants low in SE exhibited mood-congruent recall, but high-SE participants did not. In fact, the more negative high-SE participants felt, the more positive were their cognitions (mood-incongruent recall). This pattern was replicated in 3 experiments that included variations in the negative mood inductions and the type of information that was generated or retrieved. Our results suggest a strong link between SE and the regulation of negative emotional states.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the ways in which sociocontextual factors affect academic competence among rural African American youths, focusing on the links among family financial resources, parents' educational attainment, family processes, and academic competence.
Abstract: For most of this century, the potential influence of the family on intellectual development has been largely overlooked. This state of affairs is understandable because, when the nation entered the era of universal public education, the major responsibility for educating all children in society was transferred from the home and assigned to a social institution, the school. In the early 1960s and 1970s, the primacy of the school's role in promoting language and cognitive growth began to be challenged. During this period, sociologists (e.g., Majoribanks, 1972) identified a number of childrearing practices that they believed would stimulate cognitive growth in children. Their studies revealed a high correlation between home variables, such as reading to children, and achievement in school. Combined with the classic investigations by Hess and Shipman (1965), which also suggested that parental childrearing behavior could have an impact on cognition, this research led social scientists to reevaluate the role that families play in promoting cognitive growth. According to an ecological model of human development, academic competence among children and adolescents is influenced not only by factors such as teaching practices and social processes in their immediate classroom environments, but also by aspects of their family environments. In the ecological model the family is conceptualized as a context that directly influences child and adolescent behavior by contributing to the development of competencies that increase the likelihood of academic success. The family also plays a mediational role in linking factors such as social class to adolescent academic competence (Bronfenbrenner, 1989; Garbarino, 1982). Factors, such as family financial resources and parental educational attainment, that contribute social class status also affect family relationships and parental involvement in school activities; these family processes in turn are linked to youths' academic competence (Bronfenbrenner, 1989; Garbarino, 1982). To date, the research examining this mediational sequence has linked economic hardship to troubled family relation ships, and troubled family relationships to child and adolescent adjustment problems (Conger et al., 1992, 1993; McLoyd, 1989, 1990). We extend this work by focusing on the links among family financial resources, parents' educational attainment, family processes, and academic competence among African American youths in rural, two-parent families. Little is known about the ways in which the over one million rural African American families facilitate their children's academic competence-measured, for example, y reading and mathematics grades, or by performance on the vocabulary and mathematics subscales of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). McAdoo (1982) has argued that many African Americans view education as the only means to upward mobility, given the restriction of opportunities that exists for them. Research indicating that African American parents living in rural areas named educational attainment as an important developmental goal for their children (Stoneman et al., 1991) supports this position. Ethnic minority researchers have argued that a knowledge base placing development in a broad ecological context is essential for the development of culturally sensitive prevention and intervention efforts targeting children and adolescents (Harrison, Wilson, Pine, Chan, & Buriel, 1990; McLoyd, 1990). In recognition of the emphasis that African American parents place on educational attainment and of the importance of obtaining information that is sensitive to the ecological-cultural context, we focus on the ways in which sociocontextual factors affect academic competence among rural African American youths. In our study we obtained data from mothers, fathers, teachers, and the youths themselves, using multi-method measures and procedures that were designed with the assistance of African American community members. …
124 citations
TL;DR: In this article, data on measures of organizational culture and organizational performance were collected at two different points in time from a sample of 12 organizations of a firm in the electric utility industry.
Abstract: Data on measures of organizational culture and organizational performance were collected at two different points in time from a sample of 12 organizations of a firm in the electric utility industry. Pearson correlations indicated measures of organizational culture were significantly related to objective measures of performance. Teamwork was strongly associated with organizational performance. If measures of organizational culture could be integrated into the reward system, managers might pay more attention to improving organizational culture and thereby improve organizational performance.
116 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the possibility that increased speech rate can affect persuasion either by acting as an agreement cue or through its impact on message processing and found that fast speech was associated with increased persuasion only for moderate involvement subjects, and this influence was mediated by perceptions of source credibility.
Abstract: This study examined the possibility that increased speech rate can affect persuasion either by acting as an agreement cue or through its impact on message processing. Participants heard messages that were either moderate or high in personal relevance, consisted of weak or strong arguments, and were presented at either moderate (180 words per minute) or fast (220 wpm) rates of speech. Consistent with hypotheses derived from the elaboration likelihood model, fast speech served to inhibit participants' tendency to differentially agree with strong versus weak message arguments under both moderate and high relevance. However; fast speech was associated with increased persuasion only for moderate involvement subjects, and this influence was mediated by perceptions of source credibility. Polarity of message-based elaborations predicted attitudes of both moderately and highly involved subjects. Thus, central and peripheral route processes appeared to be co-occurring for moderately involved participants.
83 citations
TL;DR: The lack of organizations getting on the telework bandwagon, together with the variables found significant in this study, suggest a bottom-up initiation of telework; i.e., that programmer/analysts are initiating telework arrangements.
Abstract: Despite predictions over the years that many employees would soon be teleworking from their homes, neither employees in general nor information systems (IS) professionals in particular, whose work is especially appropriate for telework, have begun teleworking to any large extent. The reasons for this lack of telework growth are empirically untested. Yet an understanding of why organizations and IS departments are not joining the telework bandwagon is critical if predictions of improved flexibility and productivity through telework are to be realized.This study used innovation theory to suggest key variables that may be related to telework use among IS programmer/analysts. A national survey of IS executives was used to obtain information on the variables relevant to IS telework assimilation. The survey resulted in responses from 252 IS departments describing their telework arrangements.Key variables related to both the adoption stage and the infusion stage of IS teleworking were middle management support for telework, administrative intensity, and professionalism. A variable significantly related only to the adoption decision was centralization. The key variable related only to the infusion stage was size. The variables that were not related to either adoption or infusion were specialization and formalization, suggesting that bureaucracy alone is not an obstacle to telework.Overall, the findings suggest a bottom-up initiation of telework; i.e., that programmer/analysts are initiating telework arrangements. Lack of middle management support for telework has a strong negative effect on the assimilation of telework. Thus, this study suggests that future research may wish to investigate further the reasons for lack of managerial support. Moreover, the lack of organizations getting on the telework bandwagon, together with the variables found significant in this study, suggest fruitful areas for future research may be an analysis of the type of publicity describing telework arrangements, managerial knowledge of telework arrangements, the nature of IS work appropriate for telework, and the managerial skills demanded by telework.
78 citations
TL;DR: A similar pattern of working memory deficits emerged in an analysis of the response-learning data in the Greek cross in terms of the current understanding of norepinephrine and the locus coeruleus in learning and memory processes.
Abstract: The present experiment examined the effects of unilateral or bilateral locus coeruleus lesions on general activity, acquisition of a non-monotonic serial pattern (14-0-3-7 food pellets, respectively), and response learning acquisition in a Greek cross version of the Morris water maze. Sham-operated control rats were capable of tracking the elements of the serial pattern while rats with a unilateral locus coeruleus lesion were moderately impaired, and those with bilateral locus coeruleus lesions were severely impaired. A similar pattern of working memory deficits emerged in an analysis of the response-learning data in the Greek cross. The results are discussed in terms of the current understanding of norepinephrine and the locus coeruleus in learning and memory processes.
44 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that injuries in the PPC of either hemisphere disturb egocentric spatial functions, however, animals with left PPC injuries are able to compensate by using allocentric visual cues if they are available.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a snake from Lemoyne Quarry is described as new (Arizona voorhiesi), and the fossil record of Arikareean through Blancan (Miocene through Pliocene) snake genera from midcontinental North America suggests erycinine boids became extinct across the region by late Hemphillian time, and colubrid snakes became generically modern by early Blancan time.
Abstract: Middle and late Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from Nebraska were identified and interpreted. The mid-Hemphillian (ca. 7 Ma) Lemoyne Quarry of Keith Co., SW Nebraska yielded at least two boid, thirteen colubrid and two viperid snakes. The late Hemphillian (ca. 5 Ma) Devils Nest (Knox Co.), Santee (Knox Co.), and Mailbox Prospect (Antelope Co.) sites of NE Nebraska together yielded at least nine colubrids and one viperid snake. Twenty-four percent of the 16 mid-Hemphillian snake genera and 67% of the 12 species are extinct. Of the 9 genera and 7 species of late Hemphillian snakes, only Paleoheterodon tiheni is extinct. A snake from Lemoyne Quarry is described as new (Arizona voorhiesi). With this new information, the fossil record of Arikareean through Blancan (Miocene through Pliocene) snake genera from midcontinental North America suggests erycinine boids became extinct across the region by late Hemphillian time, and colubrid snakes became generically modern by early Blancan time. These event...
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the separation of enantiomers of three phenothiazines and a dibenzazepine was investigated on several different chiral stationary phases without the use of derivatization or column switching.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the Coulomb and meson exchange current effects in the energy region of the energy field and obtained a lower bound of 0.012$ eV b, which is 52% lower than the presently accepted value.
Abstract: The $^{2}\mathrm{H}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, \ensuremath{\gamma})^{3}\mathrm{He}$ reaction has been studied in the energy region ${E}_{p}=80\ensuremath{-}0$ keV (${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=53.3\ensuremath{-}0$ keV), where the quantities measured were $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta}, E)$ and ${A}_{y}(\ensuremath{\theta}, E)$. Our result for the total $^{2}\mathrm{H}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma})^{3}\mathrm{He}$ $S$ factor at $E=0$ is $S(0)=0.121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012$ eV b (including systematic error), which is 52% lower than the presently accepted value. Some astrophysical aspects of this result are discussed. We have also extracted the $E1$ and $M1$ $S(E)$ components using our detailed angular distribution data. These data will provide sensitive tests for three-body calculations which include Coulomb and meson exchange current effects.
28 citations
TL;DR: A brief background on neural networks is provided, a summary of the mathematical models for some learning rules for neural networks, and some new computer graphics for these are provided to serve as a guide for comparisons.
TL;DR: Survey of the academic community as well as the general population suggested that more information needs to be provided about the role of animal experimentation, including a discussion of the benefits produced by using animals to answer psychological questions.
Abstract: Past research suggests that public support for the use of animal models as means to improve the human condition is present but many individuals have expressed ambivalence. In the present study, various sectors of the academic community (students and faculty) as well as the general population, were surveyed to assess their positions on the need for, and value of animal research, the value of psychological research in which animals are employed, and the respondents' consummatory habits. The results suggested that more information needs to be provided about the role of animal experimentation, including a discussion of the benefits produced by using animals to answer psychological questions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors unify the gravitational and Yang-Mills fields by extending the diffeomorphisms in (N=4+n)-dimensional space-time to a larger group, called the conservation group.
Abstract: We unify the gravitational and Yang-Mills fields by extending the diffeomorphisms in (N=4+n)-dimensional space-time to a larger group, called the conservation group. This is the largest group of coordinate transformations under which conservation laws are covariant statements. We present two theories that are invariant under the conservation group. Both theories have field equations that imply the validity of Einstein's equations for general relativity with the stress-energy tensor of a non-Abelian Yang-Mills field (with massive quanta) and associated currents. Both provide a geometrical foundation for string theory and admit solutions that describe the direct product of a compactn-dimensional space and flat four-dimensional space-time. One of the theories requires that the cosmological constant shall vanish. The conservation group symmetry is so large that there is reason to believe the theories are finite or renormalizable.
TL;DR: In this paper, leading U.S. business schools were surveyed regarding implementation of environmental topics and programs in the curriculum, and results show that business education curriculum has incorporated programs to prepare future managers in environmental awareness.
Abstract: Environmental concerns have been incorporated into policies and regulations that have a profound impact on business and on the need for environmentally oriented business managers. Leading U.S. business schools were surveyed regarding implementation of environmental topics and programs in the curriculum. Results show that business education curriculum has incorporated programs to prepare future managers in environmental awareness.
TL;DR: In the face of the important challenges that will confront them once they leave higher education, it is crucial that they become more active problem-solvers, open their horizons to other parts of the world, and develop a sense for how politics is important to human beings everywhere as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: by the attributes set forth here. They are passive, parochial, and initially uncommitted to political science. Yet, in the face of the important challenges that will confront them once they leave higher education, it is crucial that they become more active problem-solvers, open their horizons to other parts of the world, and develop a sense for how politics is important to human beings everywhere. We must do a better job of training thinkers and doers, rather than treating our students as merely passive vessels for the receiving of facts.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a model of ethical decision making as a guide for research and found the individual factor of other-directedness helped explain IS personnel's intentions toward illegal software copying.
Abstract: Despite the existence of laws and much publicity surrounding illegal software copying, it is widely believed that software copying is commonplace. Yet reasons why such illegal behavior continues to occur are lacking. This study used a model of ethical decision making as a guide for research and found the individual factor of other-directedness helped explain IS personnel's intentions toward illegal software copying. No such individual factor was related to judgments concerning right and wrong. These findings suggest that highly other-directed IS personnel may behave against their better judgment, especially in cases where they perceive unethical behavior is commonplace. Implications for management and ethics education are discussed.
TL;DR: A hippocampal role in maintenance of a temporal record of the elements of the series is provided, thus providing the rat with the ability to track which stimulus elements have been presented and to anticipate future elements, and the amygdala appears to play a role in mnemonic processes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalence of an equity objective function model that was presented in earlier papers is made to the spatial price equilibrium (SPE) problem, and corresponding mathematical formulations for the latter and an optimization algorithm for its solution are presented for patient/client/customer flows.
TL;DR: Postinjury treatment with some doses of ORG 2766 can attenuate the severity of some dysfunctions that accompany neurotrauma by influencing the development of behavioral compensation.
TL;DR: Piperoxane is an α2-noradrenergic antagonist with demonstrated excitatory effects on neurons in the locus coeruleus, causing a corresponding increase in norepinephrine in many forebrain areas, and strategies designed to enhance brain levels of catecholamine are discussed.
Abstract: Piperoxane is an alpha 2-noradrenergic antagonist with demonstrated excitatory effects on neurons in the locus coeruleus, causing a corresponding increase in norepinephrine in many forebrain areas. 16 male Fischer-344 rats approximately 16 months of age were injected with 3 mg/kg of piperoxane or .09% saline. The piperoxane-treated rats lived an average of 127.1 days longer than the saline-treated rats. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of strategies designed to enhance brain levels of catecholamine and their effect on the aging process. A discussion of further research is also presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the author has extended Pick's theorem for simple closed polygonal regions to unions of simple closed polygons, a topic that is manageable for middle grade students.
Abstract: The author has extended Pick's theorem for simple closed polygonal regions to unions of simple closed polygonal regions–a topic that is manageable for middle grade students. From sets of data including numbers of boundary points and numbers of interior points, students are guided to discover Pick's theorem. Additionally, with the author's creation of crossing points, Pick's theorem is extended to include areas of other polygonal regions. The article is developed along lines of the 1989 Standards of the NCTM in the use of data tables which lead to the discovery of a formula.
06 Apr 1995