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Showing papers by "Georgia College & State University published in 1999"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined teacher-student interactions and relationship quality among poor, urban, African-American children expressing differential school satisfaction and found that perceptions of a caring, supportive relationship with a teacher and a positive classroom environment were related to school satisfaction by as early as third grade.
Abstract: In this study I examined teacher-student interactions and relationship quality among poor, urban, African-American children expressing differential school satisfaction. Multiple methods of data collection, including classroom observation, interviews, and self-report questionnaires, were used with 61 third through fifth graders. Results suggested that perceptions of a caring, supportive relationship with a teacher and a positive classroom environment were related to school satisfaction by as early as third grade. A different pattern of behavioral interactions with teachers was noted between students expressing high and low satisfaction with school, although this was not an important contributor to students' satisfaction with school. Results are discussed in light of theory that posits children's relationships with others as an important variable in learning and in light of contemporary movements within education that stress the importance of relationships in schooling.

421 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role that technology plays in Australian banking and its impact on the delivery of perceived service quality and found that consumers have perceptual problems with some aspects of electronic banking.
Abstract: The use of technology in the delivery of banking services is becoming increasingly prevalent as it is being employed to reduce costs and eliminate uncertainties. This research investigates the role that technology plays in Australian banking and its impact on the delivery of perceived service quality. A sample of 440 electronic banking customers was taken and 300 useable questionnaires were analysed. Using the Hemmasi et al. importance‐performance grid, results indicated that consumers have perceptual problems with some aspects of electronic banking. Some strategic implications are discussed.

362 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of telecommuting among information technology professionals suggests that management trust of employees, the ability to secure the technology involved, a rational culture, and a group culture, which emphasizes human resources and member participation, facilitate virtual work implementation.
Abstract: The advent of technologies that enable virtual work arrangements brings with it a challenge to managers: do they trust their employees to work outside of their presence? A perceived loss of control and a sense of being taken advantage of, may be experienced by a manager as employees disappear from the manager's daily gaze. To enable the transition of employees to virtual work arrangements, managers who work in bureaucratic organizations that value a high degree of control and stability may need to change their management style to accommodate new methods of employee communication and interaction. Alternately, corporate cultures well suited for the transition value results and are characterized as having the atmosphere of trust (a shared emotional understanding about who is to be trustee based on compatible values and open communications/attitudes). Telecommuting, as one form of virtual work arrangement, provides a prime opportunity to look into the management attitudes and corporate cultures that may hinder the transition of workers into remote settings. The study of telecommuting among information technology (IT) professionals suggests that management trust of employees, the ability to secure the technology involved, a rational culture, and a group culture, which emphasizes human resources and member participation, facilitate telecommuting implementation. Thus the study offers strong support for the important role of trust, security, and culture in the implementation of virtual work arrangements.

110 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examined the structural and social psychological determinants of prisonization among a sample of 239 male inmates in a maximum security prison and found that self-conception was of limited value in predicting prisonization.

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article introduces the economic notion of social costs, and distinguishes between the “true” social costs related to pathological gambling, and other negative consequences that cannot legitimately be classified as social costs.
Abstract: Much of the opposition to legalized gambling is based on analyses of the social costs that occur as a result of pathological gambling. It is our contention that many, if not most, authors who have contributed to this literature are either unclear or misguided in what they define as social costs. Instead of starting with a clear definition of what constitutes a social cost, these authors have adopted an ad hoc approach—using “common sense” to determine what constitutes losses to society and then attempting to quantify the impact of those activities. We believe this is not, as some suggest, simply a matter of semantics. Rather, it is a serious problem in the gambling literature. How do we differentiate between a consequence of pathological gambling that is a “social cost” and one that is not? Which of the consequences of addictive behaviors that are associated with gambling arise when gambling is legal, and which will be manifest in some form whether or not gambling is legal? In this article we explain the economic perspective on social costs. An understanding of this paradigm removes the subjectivity in the classification of pathological gambling's social costs. The paper has three major components. First, we introduce the economic notion of social costs. Using this paradigm, we differentiate between the “true” social costs related to pathological gambling, and other negative consequences that cannot legitimately be classified as social costs. Second, we evaluate a recent social cost study using the economics social cost paradigm. Third, we discuss two types of social costs that have been largely overlooked in the gambling literature. One is caused by gambling prohibition. The other occurs as a result of “rent seeking” that is related to the political process surrounding the legalization of gambling.

107 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1999
TL;DR: Three new algorithms in the general area of input-sensitivity analysis are presented: a problem formulation, possibly with floating point coefficients, lacks an expected property because the inputs are slightly perturbed, and a task is to efficiently compute the nearest problem that has the desired property.
Abstract: We present three new algorithms in the general area of input-sensitivity analysis: a problem formulation, possibly with floating point coefficients, lacks an expected property because the inputs are slightly perturbed. A task is to efficiently compute the nearest problem that has the desired property. Nearness to the desired property can lead to problems for numerical algorithms: for example, an almost singular linear system cannot be solved by classical numerical techniques. In such case one can approach the problem of locating the nearest problem with the desired property by symbolic computation techniques, for instance, by exact arithmetic. Our three properties are:

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group counseling provided to behaviorally disruptive elementary school children by the first author, a school social worker, and found that the intervention can be effective in reducing the behavior of children with disruptive behavior.
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral group counseling provided to behaviorally disruptive elementary school children Fifty-two referred children received protocol-based cognitive–behavioral group counseling provided by the first author, a school social worker Students were randomly assigned to receive either immediate (IT) group counseling or delayed treatment (DT) The two groups were roughly equivalent on most demographic and outcome measures at the first assessment Following group counseling, the IT groups' self-esteem, perceived self-control, teacher, and teacher aide grades of classroom comportment significantly improved, while similar measures of the DT children did not appreciably change The DT children then received the same group program the IT group was exposed to three months earlier, and when group counseling was completed (third assessment) the IT groups' gains had been maintained, and the DT group gained improvements similar to those obtained by the IT group In conclusion, cognitive–behavioral group work can be an effective intervention with behaviorally disruptive elementary school students Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of chronic nicotine on the behavioral performance of young (4 month) and old (24 month) Fischer-344 rats were assessed on four behavioral tasks: activity chamber, rotating rod, serial pattern learning, and Morris water maze paradigm.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, one university's efforts to supervise student teachers, utilizing a distance education system known as GSAMS (Georgia Statewide Academic and Medical System), are described.
Abstract: To alleviate the dire shortage of special education teachers in rural areas, teacher preparation programs must address the teaching requirements and environments in rural schools and encourage stud...

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that alcohol use in movies is somewhat glamorized and depicted as more attractive, more romantically/sexually active, more aggressive, and having a higher socioeconomic status than nondrinkers compared to real-world demographics.
Abstract: We examined depictions of alcohol use in 100 popular films spanning 5 decades. Drinkers were depicted as more attractive, more romantically/sexually active, more aggressive, and having a higher socioeconomic status than nondrinkers. No systematic changes were found across decades that might reflect the growing knowledge base regarding the adverse effects of alcohol use. We compared the depiction of alcohol use in movies to real-world demographics and found that alcohol use in movies is somewhat glamorized.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore different conceptions of HRM ethical duties and social constructions of the employment relationship, and argue that HRM education and development programs must do a better job of exposing students to these contrasting values assumptions as well as helping students develop the ethical change skills necessary to act more successfully upon their moral values and perceived ethical duties.
Abstract: Ethical duties or obligations of HRM practitioners are questioned and explored. Differing conceptions of HRM ethical duties seem to have arisen from differing values assumptions and social constructions of the employment relationship. HRM education and development programs must do a better job of exposing students to these contrasting values assumptions as well as helping students develop the ethical change skills necessary to act more successfully upon their moral values and perceived ethical duties.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: The organization’s ability to securetelecommuting (a dimension of practical compatibility) was found to be a major facilitator of the adoption and diffusion of telecommuting and group values were found toBe major facilitators of diffusion and success.
Abstract: Innovation literature has long advocated that an innovation may be compatible or incompatible with an organization’s existing systems or resources (Rogers 1983). Compatibility of an innovation has traditionally meant that the innovation is compatible with the existing values, skills, and work practices of potential adopters. However, Tornatzky and Klein (1982) criticized this multi-faceted definition of compatibility as too broad, noting that compatibility may refer to compatibility with the values or norms of potential adopters (value compatibility) or it may represent congruence with existing practices of the adopters (practical compatibility). Much anecdotal evidence exists that employee telecommuting may be incompatible with both value and practical compatibility. Therefore, this study investigates compatibility and its relationship to telecommuting’s adoption, diffusion and success among IS personnel. The organization’s ability to secure telecommuting (a dimension of practical compatibility) was found to be a major facilitator of the adoption and diffusion of telecommuting. Group values were found to be major facilitators of diffusion and success, and practical compatibility was found to be a facilitator of success. Implications for research and management are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors advocate a critical and reflexive orientation for tying interdisciplinarity to action research and related endeavors, and discuss significant issues and questions concerning interdisciplinary pursuits, particularly in academic settings.
Abstract: Interdisciplinarity, as a concept and practice, is reviewed and related to a recent article (Romm, 1998) in this journal. Authors advocating interdisciplinarity for social research and problem solving seem to have diverse, if often largely implicit, epistemological, and other assumptions informing their proposals. Romm (1998) develops and advocates a critical and reflexive orientation for tying interdisciplinarity to action research and related endeavors. For some academicians, however, interdisciplinarity appears to be considered a relatively unproblematic pursuit of merely selecting appropriate methods. Significant issues and questions concerning interdisciplinary pursuits, particularly in academic settings, exist and are briefly explored, based on the experiences and perceptions of the author. Basic structures and processes found in fields such as action research/science and management systems often seem neglected and very much needed for interdisciplinary inquiry and knowledge construction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The need for respite services, along with barriers to the use of such services by clients and their caregivers, is described, and strategies to overcome barriers and provide needed services in a cost effective and sensitive manner are presented.
Abstract: Currently in the United States, 4 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and projections are that this population will increase to 7 million by the year 2040. Traditionally, care for these clients is provided by family, relatives, and friends--an informal caregiver network (ICN). Changing demographics in the United States are threatening this caring network. When these factors are coupled with the recent emphasis on cost containment in health care, caring for this client population has become a significant political, economic, and societal issue. Strategies must be developed to meet the needs of both the clients and their caregivers. Respite services have been identified as an effective strategy in the ongoing management of clients with AD. A model is proposed to provide community-based respite services in a rural setting in northeast Georgia. The need for respite services, along with barriers to the use of such services by clients and their caregivers, is described. Strategies to overcome barriers and provide needed services in a cost effective and sensitive manner are presented. Implications for nursing and related disciplines are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that P. clarkii can readily determine the sex of conspecifics without the use of the antennules and that the loss of antennule ablation has no obvious effect on mating behavior.
Abstract: In order for the crayfish Procambarus clarkii to mate, each animal involved must identify the sex of the other. Crayfish are able to use chemoreception, mediated by the first antennae (antennules), as well as vision in sex identification. The relative importance of these two senses is not known; most work has centered on the use of the antennules. To assess the importance of antennules we studied mating in control pairs, in pairs where the females lacked antennules, in pairs where males lacked antennules, and in pairs where both lacked antennules. Ablation of antennules did not significantly affect the likelihood of mating or the delay before mating began. These findings demonstrate that P. clarkii can readily identify the sex of conspecifics without the use of their antennules. If the ability to identify sex had been impaired, one would expect mating to be less likely or to follow an unusually long delay. In addition, antennule ablation did not significantly affect the duration of mating. This stands in contrast to findings in the green crab Carcinus maenas, where the ablation of antennules in males leads to the substitution of multiple short matings for single long, continuous matings. It is concluded that P. clarkii can readily determine the sex of conspecifics without the use of the antennules and that the loss of antennules has no obvious effect on mating behavior.

Journal Article
TL;DR: An international nursing education project enabled undergraduate nursing students in the United States and England to participate in a short course on women's health issues using interactive desktop video conferencing (DTV).
Abstract: Evolving computer technology has opened the door to unique and previously unavailable educational experiences. The use of one form of distance learning enabled undergraduate nursing students in the United States and England to participate in a short course on women's health issues. The nursing faculty at two universities, one in the United States and the other in England, collaborated on an international nursing education project. The delivery device was interactive desktop video conferencing (DTV). The focus of this article is on the evaluation of the project with recommendations about how best to use DTV in international nursing education.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative to the more expensive benchmarking approach pioneered by AACSB and Educational Benchmarking, Inc., this Georgia-based partnership offers a flexible and adaptive model for cooperating business schools.
Abstract: A brief overview of benchmarking, choosing performance indicators, in higher education is presented prior to discussion of a particular benchmarking partnership that has recently linked five AACSB-accredited business schools in the state of Georgia. An alternative to the more expensive benchmarking approach pioneered by AACSB and Educational Benchmarking, Inc., this Georgia-based partnership offers a flexible and adaptive model for cooperating business schools. A key characteristic of the approach is reliance on a facilitator in the process through which institutional representatives select particular benchmarks, as well as in the gathering and reporting of benchmarks, best practices, and ACT business student satisfaction scores.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the transfer-demanding entrepreneur is introduced to help bridge the gap between static equilibria in an interest group theory of government and process theories, and the transfer demanding entrepreneur acts in a creative, discontinuous fashion to organize latent demand for a particular transfer into an effective interest group.
Abstract: This paper introduces the transfer-demanding entrepreneur to help bridge the gap between static equi- libria in an interest group theory of government and process theories. The transfer demanding entrepreneur acts in a creative, discontinuous fashion to organize latent demand for a particular transfer into an effective interest group. The disequilibrating, re-equilibrating transfer demanding entrepreneur provides a theoretical framework for understanding the movement between static political equilibria. This paper considers the transfer demand- ing entrepreneurship necessary to bring together the western railroads, organized labor, and potential Oklahoma colonists in the passage of white settlement and coal-lease ratification legislation in the Indian Territory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recommendations include realistic mobility training concentrating on essential job performance elements, leadership providing clear and open channels of communication, and dealing effectively with the emotional impact of humanitarian assistance missions.
Abstract: We used a medical readiness model of health assessment based on the Neuman systems model, a comparative-descriptive design, to assess the health or state of well-being of Air Combat Command medical personnel. Group I consisted of 636 personnel actively participating in medical readiness training, and group II consisted of 127 personnel assigned to a medical treatment facility that recently returned from overseas deployment. In group I, statistically significant differences in developmental, psychological, and sociocultural elements of health varied according to military rank, mobility status, or previous overseas deployment experience. The spiritual element of health differed statistically in both groups according to military rank. The uncertainties of mobility status, lack of previous deployment experience, and contrasts in military rank increased stress. Recommendations include realistic mobility training concentrating on essential job performance elements, leadership providing clear and open channels of communication, and dealing effectively with the emotional impact of humanitarian assistance missions.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that results obtained by repeated administration the MMPI-168(L) can reveal information concerning changes in mental health status for many individuals with mental retardation.
Abstract: Recently it has been shown that oral administration of the MMPI-168(L), with simplified explanations of the items provided when needed, can reveal information related to personality and psychopathology in many individuals with mental retardation. The results of repeated administrations of the inventory to 7 clients residing in an institutional setting over a period exceeding 3 years in some cases are presented here. It is argued that results obtained by repeated administration the MMPI-168(L) can reveal information concerning changes in mental health status for many individuals with mental retardation.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1999
TL;DR: It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the Fibonacci numbers themselves and the number of recursive calls, and this relationship generalizes to any type of DDS of second-order, and D DS of higher-order.
Abstract: The calculation of the Fibonacci sequence using recursion gives rise to an interesting question: How many times does a recursive function call itself? This paper presents one way to examine this question using difference equations with initial conditions, or discrete dynamical systems (DDS) We show that there is a linear relationship between the Fibonacci numbers themselves and the number of recursive calls This relationship generalizes to any type of DDS of second-order, and DDS of higher-order

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article used a causality test adapted for use with cross-section time series data, to test the relationship between lottery revenue and state economic growth (per capita income), and address the importance of cross-border purchases in the relationship.
Abstract: This paper uses a &anger causality test adapted for use with cross-section time series data, to (1) test the relationship between lottery revenue and state economic growth (per capita income), and (2) address the importance of cross-border purchases in the relationship. Neither issue has been empirically tested previously. Previous evidence (Caudill, et al., 1995) suggests that states surrounded by lotteries are more likely than isolated states to introduce lotteries. But the empirical results here suggest that lotteries do not contribute to economic growth unless the state is isolated t?om other state lotteries. The importance of isolation suggests that cross-border purchases (exports) of lottery tickets have a significant impact on the effectiveness of lotteries as fiscal policies, and that “defensive” lotteries (those introduced to keep citizens from buying tickets from neighboring states) are ineffective.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears to us that McGowan has missed the main point of the paper, the belief that social cost and benefit calculations, based on the Pareto criterion, provide the only legitimate basis for policy decisions, and he appears to view that as the central thesis of his paper.
Abstract: We are grateful to Professor McGowan for his comment (McGowan, 1999). He draws attention to a very important issue, the appropriate criteria for policy espousal, and alludes to another important issue, the proper role for government in society. The role that social cost calculations should play in making public policy decisions is important and worthy of serious consideration. Likewise, the role of government in society has been the subject of countless articles and books over several centuries. But, while these issues are important, they are not the subjects of our paper (Walker and Barnett, 1999) and they are not central to the specific issue we address. It appears to us that McGowan has missed the main point of our paper. Specifically, he attributes to us the belief that social cost and benefit calculations, based on the Pareto criterion, provide the only legitimate basis for policy decisions, and he appears to view that as the central thesis of our paper. If we had espoused such a view we would certainly be subject to criticism. But, we make no such claim and we do not believe that a reasonable interpretation of our article could attribute such beliefs to us. In the remarks that follow, we reiterate the

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: If advances in health care during the past century were viewed through the eyes of citizens living in the year 1900, eradication of diseases such as polio and smallpox, and the use of antibiotics and a host of other pharmacologics to cure the seemingly incurable would have seemed miraculous.
Abstract: If advances in health care during the past century were viewed through the eyes of citizens living in the year 1900, eradication of diseases such as polio and smallpox, and the use of antibiotics and a host of other pharmacologics to cure the seemingly incurable would have seemed miraculous. Now in 1999, we look forward to the beginning of a new millennium and a new century. What will health care providers be pondering and celebrating at the beginning of the 22nd century? What miraculous strides in health care will occur? Will professional nursing as we know it exist?

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Importance-Performance paradigm was used to assess customer-perceived service quality for differentiation purposes in the higher education sector in New Zealand, and the results indicated that employers and students have perceptual problems with the level of service provided by tertiary institutions.
Abstract: Intense competition in the higher education sector in New Zealand has forced a number of educational institutions to examine the need for assessments of customer-perceived service quality for differentiation purposes. Research studies in this area have mainly focused on either the administrators or the faculty's perspectives and have overlooked the other customers, namely students and employers. The instruments developed based on the Importance-Performance paradigm were administered to 280 New Zealand employers and 1,000 business graduates. The results indicate that employers and students have perceptual problems with the level of service provided by tertiary institutions. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article described and discussed the changes that took place when a group of university faculty members encouraged the participation of traditionally silent teacher education participants (supervising teachers and teacher education students) in the process of teacher education.
Abstract: This article describes and discusses the changes that took place when a group of university faculty members encouraged the participation of traditionally silent teacher education participants (supervising teachers and teacher education students) in the process of teacher education. The findings of this study include defining the delicate balance between inviting participation, negotiating roles, and sharing power in an arena traditionally reserved for only one group of participants. Participants (including university faculty) are often reluctant to give up the security of their traditional roles; therefore, they have difficulty taking on new roles. Furthermore, there is a continual tug of war between participants because of the constant negotiation and renegotiation of roles, relationships, and power. Traditional ways of interacting on the part of all participants are called into question. Understanding this balance proved to be the foremost difficulty for all participants involved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule was obtained in the threshold region, corresponding to two-body breakup, and compared with the results of an ab initio microscopic three-body model calculation.
Abstract: Measurements of the cross section, vector and tensor analyzing powers, and linear gamma-ray polarization in the radiative capture reactions $D(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $p(d,\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at c.m. energies in the range 0--53 keV allow the determination of the reduced matrix elements (RMEs) relevant for these transitions. From these RMEs the value of the integral which determines the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ is obtained in the threshold region, corresponding to two-body breakup, and compared with the results of an ab initio microscopic three-body model calculation. The theoretical predictions for the value of this integral based on a ``nucleons-only'' assumption are an order of magnitude smaller than experiment. The discrepancy is reduced to about a factor of 2 when two-body currents are taken into account. This factor of 2 is due to an almost exact cancellation between the dominant $E1$ RMEs in the theoretical calculation. The excess $E1$ strength observed experimentally could provide useful insights into the nuclear interaction at low energies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Not only did rats with TE2 lesions learn the original discrimination as rapidly as normal rats and rats with partial striate lesions, but their performance paralleled that of the other groups on all tests of relational perception with intermediate stimuli.
Abstract: Previous research has shown that injuries of the inferotemporal cortex in monkeys result in impaired visual “categorical” perception. The goal of this project was to explore the possibility that a similar deficit might accompany injuries of the visual portions of the temporal cortex in rat, namely area TE2. Rats were prepared with bilateral TE2, partial striate, or sham cortical lesions and trained to discriminate between 17- (S+) and 3-cm (S−) diameter circles in a Y-shaped water maze. After criterion on this discrimination was reached, tests of relational perception were conducted with intermediate-size stimuli. The larger of the two stimulus pairs consistently cued the location of a submerged escape platform. Not only did rats with TE2 lesions learn the original discrimination as rapidly as normal rats and rats with partial striate lesions, but their performance paralleled that of the other groups on all tests of relational perception with intermediate stimuli. Several possible explanations for the discrepancy between the results observed here with rats and those observed with nonhuman primates are discussed.