Georgia College & State University

About: Georgia College & State University is a education organization based out in Milledgeville, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 950 authors who have published 1591 publications receiving 37027 citations.

The behavioral effects of bilateral middle cerebral artery hemorrhagic ischemia in rat.

Abstract: After learning position discrimination in a T-maze water escape task, rats had either a 2 mm section of the middle cerebral artery removed bilaterally (bMCA) or they received a sham operation. Beginning on the day of surgery either total brain gangliosides (50 mg kg-1) or saline were administered daily for five days. Of the several measures of neurological function that were tested, only a temporary deficit in grasping with the front paws was observed in bMCA damaged rats. Ganglioside treatment normalized this practical function. Memory of the preoperative habit was not influenced by bMCA damage, but acquisition of a reversal of this habit was compromised. Ganglioside treatment did not influence this deficit. Acquisition of a spatial alternation strategy was influenced by neither the bMCA lesion nor the ganglioside treatment. The preservation that accompanies bMCA interruption might serve as a useful model of the functional declines that accompany stroke and frontal lobe damage.

Investigations Into the Construct Validity of the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination: Crystalized Versus Fluid Intelligence

Abstract: Objective: Examine the relationship between scores achieved on the SLUMS and the Wechsler Memory Scale – III (WMS-III) 5 . Design and Participants: 100 Social Security Administration (SSA)-disability adult claimants were administered both instruments. Results: The total score on the SLUMS correlated highly with the total score of the WMS-III, r (98) = .73, p < .001. All subtests of the WMS-III also correlated significantly with the SLUMS. Conclusions: Many questions concerning neurocognitive functions can be addressed via the SLUMS when determinations of such abilities are desired, but the time allotted for a thorough evaluation such as is typical of a detailed neuropsychological evaluation, has not been authorized or is not a possibility. Low scores on the SLUMS could serve as the rationale for a more detailed neuropsychological assessment. These results supplement another recent study showing that scores on the SLUMS correlate well with scores on other neuropsychological tests.

Breathing retraining for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--a role for clinicians.

Abstract: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show poorly reversible airflow limitation with functional expiratory limitation and dynamic hyperinflation. The pathophysiology involved with COPD leads to significant dyspnea, limited exercise tolerance, and decreased performance of respiratory muscles. Breathing retraining has been recommended for these individuals as part of their rehabilitation. However, the question of the beneficial effects of breathing retraining for individuals with chronic obstructive disease has been a debate since the 1960s by individuals such as Barach,1 Schmidt and Wasserman,2 and Motley.3 Breathing retraining techniques described through the ages have included pursed-lip breathing (PLB), diaphragmatic breathing (DB), expiratory muscle training (EMT), and inspiratory muscle training (IMT). The controversy regarding the use of breathing retraining relates not only to the theory behind the use of these techniques but also in the demonstration of actual improvement in function versus improvement in comfort of the individual and their quality of life. The improvements with breathing retraining discussed in the literature have included improvements in dyspnea, work of breathing, ventilation, lung volume, functional performance, and activities in daily living.2–10 However, many argue the improvements may not be due to breathing retraining alone but rather due to the adjunctive therapies such as medications, use of oxygen, and exercise training itself. PLB has been theorized to be effective by preventing airway collapse and subsequently reducing the ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT), increasing alveolar ventilation, and subsequently decreasing dyspnea. Jiang et al.11 recently studied upper airway unidirectional breathing (in through nose, out through mouth) in humans without COPD and its relationship on tidal volume and breathing efficiency. The unidirectional breathing resulted in a significant reduction in functional dead space and an improvement in breathing efficiency (defined by improvement in tidal volume). Evidence also supports the use of PLB in individuals with COPD with results of decreased respiratory rates, decreased minute ventilation and decreased PaCO2, decreased VO2 during PLB,8 improvement in PaO2 and SaO2, and a decrease in dyspnea.4–7 In addition, Tiep et al.10 used PLB techniques and showed an improvement in SpO2 when used with pulse oximetry biofeedback. The greatest benefit of PLB training has been demonstrated in conjunction with physical activity including activities of daily living. PLB during exercise was shown to lower post-exercise respiratory rate and improved return to recovery as compared with exercise without PLB.12 Most recently in a randomized controlled study, individuals performing PLB showed improved exertional dyspnea and improvement in functional performance as measured by the physical function scale of the SF-36.13 DB exercises have been reported in the literature to have both positive and negative effects in the COPD population, although this breathing retraining technique may be better suited toward the post coronary artery bypass surgery population or others with restrictive lung dysfunction.9 The positive effects reported in the COPD population have mostly emphasized a slowing of respiratory rate, which may improve inspiratory and expiratory airflow as well as gas exchange.9 However, after reviewing all the evidence, there appears to be no benefit to training individuals with COPD to perform DB except to slow their breathing rate.9 Controversy also surrounds the use of IMT for individuals with COPD. On the positive side, improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and Chronic Respiratory Disease 2009; 6: 43–44

Eocene paleontology and geology of western North America

Abstract: Western North America preserves a rich record of Eocene life and environments under globally warm climates, and represents an interval where significant coal and other minerals were deposited. The ...

A review of models: virtual teamwork training model and utaut

Abstract: As the demand for virtual teams increases, faculty members should examine various strategies for teaching students to become successful working in virtual teams. By incorporating virtual team learning theory and technology acceptance research, faculty can develop such strategies. An examination of a virtual team learning theory and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) is provided. This paper combines virtual team learning literature with technology acceptance research identifying a need for future research to help faculty better understand how to prepare students to work virtually in a global environment.