Showing papers by "Georgia State University published in 1971"
215 citations
TL;DR: Inoculation was more likely among students motivated to exert control but less likely among those who expected to exerted control.
Abstract: Expectancies about ability to control the environment and motivation to exert control were assessed among 510 college students, half of whom had voluntarily taken influenza inoculations. Inoculatio...
43 citations
TL;DR: It was found that in the Archaic populations there were significantly higher percentages of deaths throughout the first three decades than among either the Hopewell or Middle Mississippian populations.
Abstract: Mortality profiles were constructed for four American Indian skeletal populations for the purpose of comparing the frequencies of deaths at given ages between and within the populations. An interpretation of the differential mortality frequencies is then possible. Selected for study were the Archaic population from Indian Knoll, Kentucky, an Illinois Archaic series and a Middle Woodland Hopewellian population, both from the Klunk Mounds in southwestern Illinois, and a Middle Mississippian population from Dickson Mounds, Illinois.
It was found that in the Archaic populations there were significantly higher percentages of deaths throughout the first three decades than among either the Hopewell or Middle Mississippian populations. Although the mortality profiles of the latter two groups more closely approximated each other, the average age at death was greater for the Hopewellian population. Suggested are different behavioral adjustments to stress.
However, with a few notable exceptions, the fluctuations in the frequencies of death follow similar profiles in the mortality curves, indicating that common to all four populations were certain ages at which time death was more likely to occur. Various interpretations are offered to explain these periods of greater mortality.
43 citations
39 citations
TL;DR: This article found that verbal reports and palmar sweat measures suggested an affinity between proximity and arguing, and argued is congruent with negative feelings aroused by proximity, and arguing may also allow Ss to focus upon intellectual content and thereby "escape" from an unpleasant interpersonal situation.
Abstract: In a 2 by 2 design, 56 pairs of Ss argued or talked in a room which was either large or very small. Proximity in the small room was expected to increase arousal, which in turn would intensify either hostile feelings associated with arguing or friendly feelings associated with talking. Instead, verbal reports and palmar sweat measures suggested an affinity between proximity and arguing. Arguing is congruent with negative feelings aroused by proximity, and arguing may also allow Ss to focus upon intellectual content and thereby “escape” from an unpleasant interpersonal situation.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, both lesioned and normal rats were trained on a DRL 20 schedule, utilizing an IBM-1800 data acquisition and control system to program the reinforcement contingency and record responses.
Abstract: Septally lesioned and normal rats were trained on a DRL 20 schedule, utilizing an IBM-1800 data acquisition and control system to program the reinforcement contingency and record responses. Normal animals developed a temporal discrimination (as measured by the IRTs/opportunity statistic), while septals did not. Training did not lead to any change in the frequency of reinforcements obtained by either group. These results were discussed in terms of differences in the locus of stimulation (i.e., internal or external) controlling performance.
24 citations
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a case is made for decline and expansion, improvement and contraction, with respect to housing quality being instances of a common process of residential change in the inner city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Abstract: The lack of an adequate theoretical foundation to explain residential structure has become increasingly evident as researchers attempt to incorporate blighted areas of the city into a conceptual framework. Empirical evidence based on Cedar Rapids data indicates that the findings of social area analysts are applicable to the inner city with its downgraded socioeconomic character and abundant substandard housing. A case is made for decline and expansion, improvement and contraction, with respect to housing quality being instances of a common process of residential change. Expanding poverty and/or ghetto areas, coupled with intra-urban migration flows superimposed on a relatively fixed housing stock, suggest that decline follows a concentric ring expansion process most accelerated along sectors experiencing the most rapid out-migration, particularly in those areas away from the expanding ghetto.
21 citations
TL;DR: During a 15-year survey (1956–1970) involving more than 12,000 lizards, the incidence and annual fluctuations of both Plasmodium floridense and Schellackia occidentalis are reported.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS. During a 15-year survey (1956–1970) involving more than 12,000 lizards, the incidence and annual fluctuations of both Plasmodium floridense and Schellackia occidentalis are reported. The occurrence of P. floridense in Anolis carolinensis from the Mainland (Fargo, Georgia area) varied from 52% (1958) to 10% (1964) with an average of 35%, while in Sceloporus undulatus from the same area during the same period it varied from 10% (1969) to 2% (1964) with an average of about 5%.
The occurrence of Schellackia and Plasmodium in both Anolis and Sceloporus from Cumberland Island, and Schellackia from Anolis from 2 other Coastal Islands (Sapelo, 2% and Seahorse, 30%) are reported for the first time. On Cumberland, the only Georgia island thus far studied, where both Anolis and Sceloporus are found together, 16% of Anolis and 13% of Sceloporus had sporozoites of Schellackia sp. in the blood, while 11% of Sceloporus and 21% of Anolis harbored P. floridense.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the frequency of alternation increased with age for the Ss who started both trials from the same start position, but did not change across age for those who started the two trials from opposite start stems.
Abstract: Seventy-five children of preschool age were observed in a cross-maze. The frequency of alternation increased with age for the Ss who started both trials from the same start position but did not change across age for the Ss who started the two trials from opposite start stems. Running time decreased with increasing age under both conditions.
18 citations
TL;DR: Positron annihilation lifetime spectra and two-gamma angular distributions have been measured for DL-leucine before and after γ-irradiation as discussed by the authors, showing that free radicals produced inhibit the formation of positronium rather than effect its ortho-to-para conversion.
TL;DR: The distance at which Ss would move away from an approaching experimenter in a large, a small, a long, and a wide space is determined, suggesting that neither area nor perceived crowding per se determines the distance, but the extent of a single dimension of the space.
Abstract: Following the lines of Little (1965), who investigated the effect of various simulated and/or imagined spaces on critical interpersonal distance, the present study determined the distance at which Ss would move away from an approaching experimenter in a large, a small, a long, and a wide space. The dimensions of the spaces were, respectively, 12 ft. x 29 ft., 4 ft. x 6 ft., and 7.5 ft. x 65 ft. In the latter space they were tested at both the wide and the narrow wall. Ss were 13 male and 24 female student volunteers from introductory psychology. Each S was tested in each space, with order counterbalanced. S stood about 3 ft. from one wall, but was told he could move around a little in order to appreciate the room's spatial qualities. E (P. W. S.) asked S questions about the space, including feelings of crowding. E, while moving about and writing, at one point approached S and estimated to the nearest .5 ft. the distance between E's foot nearest S and S's first foot that moved away.' After being tested in each space S filled out the California F scale, the dogmatism scale, and the Rotter I-E scale. The distances ranged from less than 0.5 ft. to 3.0 ft. The greatest mean distances were in the large (1.2 ft.) and the long (1.3 ft.) spaces, followed by the small (1.0 ft.) and the wide (0.5 ft.) spaces (F = 7.37, df = 3/108, p < .01). However, of the three per:onalicy scales employed, only one, dogmatism, was significantly correlated with distance (r = .39, p < .01), even when interaction vectors were generated by taking the two- and three-way products of the personality scores and generating prediction equations in a stepwise fashion (Draper & Smith, 1966). Except for dogmatism, the largest F for increase in R' was less than 1.0. Thus, at most only about 16% of the variance in distance is associated with the personality measures employed, and, cons~dering the small N, even this value must be considered as tentative. The small space yielded 18 reports of crowding, with 3, 6, and 9 reports from the large, long, and wide rooms. This finding, considered with the fact that both the largest and the smallest distances were found in the same room, suggests that neither area nor perceived crowding per se determines the distance, but the extent of a single dimension of the space. The shortest distance was obtained with the longest (65 ft.) dimension to S's side. This finding tends to confirm Little (1965), who found the shortest distance in a simulated open space. The small but significant relationship between distance and dogmatism suggests that further research along these lines would be in order.
TL;DR: The items and administration of Harvey's "This I Believe" test, an instrument designed for assessing level of conceptual system functioning, are briefly described in this article, and a number of studies relating to reliability factors suggest that the test is reliable and stable.
Abstract: The items and administration of Harvey's “This I Believe” test, an instrument designed for assessing level of conceptual system functioning, are briefly described, and a number of studies relating to reliability factors suggest that the test is reliable and stable.
TL;DR: Positron annihilation measurements in teflon irradiated in air and vacuum show that the intermediate lifetime (τ2) component is not due to a pick-off process as mentioned in this paper, and the primary effect to radiation is a reduction in the intensity of the τ3 component.
TL;DR: It was shown that performance was a function of the difference between anxiety levels, with neither rigidity nor the interaction components approaching statistical significance.
Abstract: Univm~ity of Miami Summary.-Rigidity has been linked to reactive inhibition and manifest anxiety to drive. The possible influence of these personality factors and their interaction on pursuit-rotor performance was investigated. High-rigid Ss and low-rigid Ss were divided further into high-anxious Ss and low-anxious Ss (ns = 15). All Ss received 20 distributed (20 sec. work, 30 sec. rest) acquisition trials immediately followed by 30 relatively massed trials (20 sec. work, 5 sec. rest). The trend analyses showed (p = .01) that performance was a function of the difference between anxiety levels, with neither rigidity nor the interaction components approaching statistical significance. Low-anxious Ss were immediately superior in acquiring the skill and in maintaining it under massed conditions. In the present study the authors proposed to evaluate the influence of two personality factors, rigidity and anxiety, and their possible interaction on pursuit-rotor performance. It was assumed that one or both personality factors may influence performance under conditions of distributed and massed practice on the pursuit-rotor task. The pursuit-rotor task was selected because it is assumed to produce a rapid accumulation of reactive inhibition in Ss under massed practice (Arnmons, 1947a, 1947b; Arnrnons & Willig, 1956; Kimble, 1950). In earlier work regarding rigidity, Malmo and Wallerstein (1955) reported that high-rigid Ss showed less decrement in the strength of a simple op erant response as a function of its repeated elicitation than did low-rigid Ss. Subsequently, Field and Brengelmann ( 1961 ) found that high-rigid Ss gave more eyelid conditioned responses than did low-rigid Ss. In both studies these authors used rigidity as an explanatory variable and indicated that Ss' rigidicy partly determined the influence of inhibitory factors on his performance. These authors stated that the relationship between learning and rigidity depends on two aspects, inhibition and drive. The authors of both sntdies have offered possible alternative explanations of their results in terms of S's anxiety level. Although the above studies suggest that rigidity may partially influence inhibition, neither HLILI's (1943) nor Spence's (1956) treatment of inhibition allows directly for the differential accumulation or dissipation of inhibition due to personality factors. At present from their theories, differential predictions regarding performance of high-rigid Ss and low rigid Ss on either simple or complex tasks are not possible. Numerous studies, on the other hand, have linked manifest anxiety to drive (see Jenness's review, 1962, pp. 479-514). Generally, highly anxious Ss excel low-anxious Ss on simple tasks, whereas on complex tasks, low-anxious Ss ex
TL;DR: The gas phase empirical resonance energy for cycloheptatriene, tropone, tropolone, aminotropone, and 1-amino-7-imino-1,3,5 cyclohexatriene has been established from vapour pressures and bomb calorimetric results as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a description of student behavior: Verbal and nonverbal behavior is given. And the challenge of nonverbal awareness is discussed. But it is not discussed in detail.
Abstract: (1971). A description of student behavior: Verbal and nonverbal. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 10, The Challenge of Nonverbal Awareness, pp. 276-281.
TL;DR: A new yeast is described, Brettanomyces abstinens, isolated from ginger ale in the U.S.A. by not assimilating trehalose.
Abstract: A new yeast is described,Brettanomyces abstinens, isolated from ginger ale in the U.S.A. This species differs from all the presently acceptedBrettanomyces species by not assimilating trehalose.
TL;DR: In this paper, 18 categories of common objects were presented to 24 male and 24 female Ss, who were divided into four groups receiving one, two, three, or four separate presentations of each category.
Abstract: Photographic slides of 18 categories of common objects were presented to 24 male and 24 female Ss, who were divided into four groups receiving one, two, three, or four separate presentations of each category. For half of the categories (V categories) up to four different specimens represented the category; for the other half (R categories) the same specimen was repeated up to four times. Recall was tested both immediately and after a delay of approximately 2 weeks. For immediate recall the V categories were recalled best, and recall was a positive function of number of presentations. The R categories were recalled less after two and three presentations than after one, but recall increased with the fourth presentation. Similar findings were obtained in 2-week recall, although there was no overall effect of variety, and interpretation of the findings was complicated by significant two-way interactions between sex and variety and sex and repetitions, as well as a significant main effect of sex.
TL;DR: In this paper, the enhancement of free recall of object categories represented by varied, as opposed to repeated, specimens was studied when Ss recalled immediately after presentation of the stimuli vs when they worked arithmetic problems for 1 min before recalling.
Abstract: The enhancement of free recall of object categories represented by varied, as opposed to repeated, specimens was studied when Ss recalled immediately after presentation of the stimuli vs when they worked arithmetic problems for 1 min before recalling. All Ss recalled three times, the second and third recalls in all cases being preceded by 1 min of arithmetic. Results indicated no change in recall over the three trials. However, the varied categories were recalled better than the repeated categories, and the difference was reduced when interpolated activity was required. The interpolated activity was more effective for the female Ss and appeared to depend upon the particular categories that were varied or repeated. The findings were interpreted as indicating the contribution of retrieval processes to the variety effect.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the applicability of conceptual systems theory in experimental settings and conclude that it behooves E in many types of experiments to identify his experimental sample by system type so as not to attribute systematic variance to error variance.
Abstract: Conceptual Systems Theory is described in some detail and discussed in terms of its relevance in experimental settings. Because extensive research has shown that persons representing the various levels of conceptual system functioning routinely perform differentially and predictably under the influence of authority and stress, the author concludes that it behooves E in many types of experiments to identify his experimental sample by “system type” so as not to attribute systematic variance to error variance.
TL;DR: Suzuki's major contribution to the advancement of marketing thought and practice is his unique functional approach to marketing which has been described by as discussed by the authors as a "unique functional approach" to marketing.
Abstract: Dr. Yasura Suzuki, professor emeritus of the Graduate School of Business of the Keio University, Tokyo, is Japan's pioneer professor of marketing. It was Dr. Suzuki who introduced marketing courses to universities in Japan. Numerous Japanese marketing scholars and businessmen have received both training and encouragement from his pioneering efforts. Dr. Suzuki was born in 1899 in Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture. After he completed high school, he attended Keio University where he received his Bachelor's and PhD degrees in economics. In 1928, Dr. Suzuki became a member of the Faculty of Economics of Keio University and started teaching sales management and distribution economics. Together with his colleagues, he founded the Faculty of Business and Commerce at Reio University in 1956. In 1960, Dr. Suzuki became dean of the Faculty of Business and Commerce and held this position until his retirement in 1966. During that period he also taught marketing theory and marketing management in the Keio Graduate School of Business. Dr. Suzuki's major contribution to the advancement of marketing thought and practice is his unique functional approach to marketing which has
TL;DR: In this paper, four quantitative judgment tasks in which psycholinguistic and motivational variables were minimized were presented to 35 advantaged and 35 disadvantaged Ss comprising 7 age levels from 2 yr. 4 mo. through 4 yr. 7 mo.
Abstract: Four quantitative judgment tasks in which psycholinguistic and motivational variables were minimized were presented to 35 advantaged and 35 disadvantaged Ss comprising 7 age levels from 2 yr. 4 mo. through 4 yr. 7 mo. of age. Responses indicate that conservation-like cognitive operations may be affected by: (a) difficulty of the discrimination task, (b) presence of cultural disadvantages, and (c) age of advantaged is.
TL;DR: Data from Greaves (1970) are consistent with the conjecture that System 1 persons tend to become sensitized to threat, at least under some conditions, while under the same conditions System 3 Persons tend to minimize or repress it.
Abstract: Greaves (1970) observed significant differences in the manner in which System 1- and System 3-functioning persons (Harvey, Hunt, & Schroder, 1961) react to threatening material. While System 1 persons tend to recall threatening material better than non-threatening material, so long as the rhreatening material is endorsed by a high-status source, System 3 persons recall threatening material very poorly, regardless of source bias. This raises, then, the question of whether System 1 persons operate on a rather general pattern of sensitizing to or exaggerating threat, with System 3 persons repressing, denying, or otherwise minimizing threat. Ss were 27 college sophomore men and women, 18 of whom had been previously identified as System 1 functioning persons and 9 as System 3 persons, using Harvey's (1963) "This I Believe" Test. No S was informed about che categorization. Ss were asked to draw a piccure of the Soviet and American flags on a blank piece of paper, 8y2 in. X 11 in. These symbols were selected on the assumption that they would be highly charged symbols for this sample. Their drawings were measured diagonally and the area of each computed. While both groups drew the American flag the same size (46.39 and 46.01 mm.), System 1 Ss drew the Soviet flag significantly larger (53.16 mm.) than the American flag (t = 2.31, p < .05, two-tailed test,), while System 3 persons drew the Soviet flag significantly smaller (40.48 mm.) than the American flag (t = 2.29, p < .05, two-tailed test). Assuming that the Soviec flag was seen as a threatening symbol by these Ss, the data are consistent with the conjecture that System 1 persons tend to become sensitized to threat, at least under some conditions, while under the same conditions System 3 persons tend to minimize or repress it. Further support for this conjecture is found in the fact that among the 18 System 1 drawings there was only one serious error in representing the Soviet flag correctly, while 4 of the 9 System 3 draw~n~s contained serious misrepre
TL;DR: A critique of Blackstone's human rights and human dignity is given in this article, where the authors propose a critique of human rights in the context of human dignity and human rights.
Abstract: (1971). A critique of Blackstone's human rights and human dignity. The Philosophy Forum: Vol. 9, No. 1-2, pp. 65-94.