Showing papers by "Georgia State University published in 1975"

Energy and Angular Distribution of Electrons Ejected from Helium by Fast Protons and Electrons: Theory and Experiment

Abstract: A comprehensive study of the angular and energy distributions of electrons ejected in collisions of fast electrons and protons with He is presented. New experimental results for 300-keV, 1-MeV, and 5-MeV proton impact are reported along with theoretical results for 2-keV electron impact and 100-keV, 300-keV, 1-MeV, and 5-MeV proton impact. The theoretical results, based upon Born approximation with Hartree-Slater initial discrete and final continuum wave functions, show excellent agreement with experimental electron-impact results. Serious discrepancies are found between theory and experiment in the angular distribution of ejected electrons for forward angles for 100- and 300-keV proton impact; the discrepancies decrease markedly for 1-MeV proton impact and are absent for 5-MeV protons. The agreement between theory and experiment for intermediate and backward angles of electron ejection, on the other hand, is uniformly good for all proton impact energies. The reasons for this behavior in terms of a charge-exchange process to a continuum state contributing to electron ejection at forward angles is discussed, and the energy dependence of the data is shown to be consistent with this explanation.

Effects of anisotropic electron-ion interactions in atomic photoelectron angular distributions

Abstract: The photoelectron asymmetry parameter beta in LS-coupling is obtained as an expansion into contributions from alternative angular momentum transfers j sub t. The physical significance of this expansion of beta is shown to be that: (1) the electric dipole interaction transfers to the atom a charcteristic single angular momentum j sub t = sub o, where sub o is the photoelectron's initial orbital momentum; and (2) angular momentum transfers indicate the presence of anisotropic interaction of the outgoing photoelectron with the residual ion. For open shell atoms the photoelectron-ion interaction is generally anisotropic; photoelectron phase shifts and electric dipole matrix elements depend on both the multiplet term of the residual ion and the total orbital momentum of the ion-photoelectron final state channel. Consequently beta depends on the term levels of the residual ion and contains contributions from all allowed values of j sub t. Numerical calculations of the asymmetry parameters and partial cross sections for photoionization of atomic sulfur are presented.

Densities of bacteria and fungi in coastal surface films as determined by a membrane‐adsorption procedure1,2

Abstract: A membrane-adsorption technique for counting surface slick microbial populations was evaluated. The simple procedure gave bacterial and fungal populations several orders of magnitude greater than those previously reported for surface slicks.

Interactions of black inner-city mothers with their newborn infants.

Abstract: Interactions of 45 black inner-city mothers with their healthy full-term newborn infants were observed during a bottle-feeding on the third day after birth. An exhaustive catalog of some 100 mother and infant behaviors was used to describe objectively the interactions of mothers and infants. In addition to being observed with their mothers, infants were examined with the Rosenblith scale. The infants' birth weights, birth order, and sex and maternal medication were found to affect the infants' behaviors and/or the patterns of mother-infant interactions.

Mother-infant attachment: the importance of the mother's visual field.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to answer 2 questions: (1) how important to 2-year-old children is fact-to-face contact with the mother, and (2) do attachment behaviors, such as looking at, talking to, and being close to mothers, interact in a compensatory fashion? 24 male and female children, 18 to 30 months, were observed with their mothers for 15 minutes in 3 conditions: (1) mother facing tethered toys, (2) mother facing away from toys, and (3) mother behind a partition and not visible from toys. Observations were made by time-lapse photography techniques. Results indicated that the potential for face-to-face contact was important: children spent 94% of their time in mother's visual field when she faced the toys and 50% of their time in her visual field when she either faced away or was behind the partition. Overall, they established face-to-face contact about 12% of the time. Some compensation was observed: talking and physical proximity increased as visual contact decreased.

Mefloquine, a clinically useful quinolinemethanol antimalarial which does not significantly bind to DNA.

Abstract: WE report that mefloquine (2,8-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-α-(2-pipe-ridyl)-4-quinolinemethanol1, see Fig. 1) clinically useful against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria (G. M. Trenholme, unpublished), does not significantly bind to calf thymus DNA. This constitutes the first reported case of an active compound in the quinoline–acridine class of antimalarials which does not strongly bind to DNA by intercalation.

Optimizing organizational goals in assigning faculty teaching schedules

Abstract: The administration of higher education, as with other administrative environments, has become increasingly complex. This paper presents a mathematical model which addresses one of the administrative tasks concerning administrators in all institutions, the establishment of faculty teaching schedules. The assignment technique utilized by the model is linear programming with two special characteristics: goal programming and mixed-integer programming. The goal programming characteristic refers to the provision of explicit stack variables to take on values representing deviations from assignment criteria that may result in resolving conflicts which arise from interactive administrative priorities. The mixed-integer programming characteristic refers to a requirement of the model that certain variables take on only integer values if they appear in the final solution. The model is demonstrated using two different sets of preference orderings for goal achievement.

Physiological and DNA characterization of Candida maltosa, a hydrocarbon-utilizing yeast.

Abstract: Selected yeasts classified as Candida sake van Uden et Buckley were examined for their physiological, morphological and immunological properties and their DNA relatedness. Candida maltosa Komagata, Nakase et Katsuya is herein recognized as a species separate from C. sake. Candida maltosa was distinguished from C. sake and from C. tropicalis by insignificant DNA reassociation. In addition, C. maltosa was distinguished from C. sake by its higher maximal growth temperature and lower guanine plus cytosine content of its DNA and from C. tropicalis by its failure to utilize soluble starch for growth and its resistance to cycloheximide. The species C. cloacae and C. subtropicalis are placed in synonymy with C. maltosa.

Nonresponse in Sociological Surveys: A Review of Some Methods for Handling the Problem

Abstract: One of the more serious problems connected with sociological surveys is that of nonresponse. Over the years several methods for handling the problem have been proposed. This paper is a review of eight of these methods.

Concepts, theory, and techniques

Abstract: The beta distribution is becoming more widely used in business applications and in economic model-building. A simple way to estimate the parameters of the univariate distribution and the general multivariate distribution would be useful but there appears to be no simple way of accomplishing this task. For example, the method of maximum likelihood does not yield tractable results. The method of moments presented in this paper is a practical way to obtain parameter estimates for the beta distribution. Explicit estimators are derived for the univariate and bivariate case and estimators are then inferred for the n-variate case. Empirical tests suggest that the method of moments may be used to establish useful estimates for these parameters. Also, estimates obtained by the method of moments may be used to develop bounds on the parameters so that computational techniques can be utilized with other estimation methods possessing more desirable properties.

The Rise of the Behavioral Perspective in Selected General Management Textbooks: An Empirical Investigation through Content Analysis

Abstract: Content analysis of 28 general management textbooks published between 1910 and 1974 is used to trace the increase of the behavioral perspective within the discipline of management. Strong positive ...

The generalization of behavior modification procedures: A review‐with special emphasis on classroom applications

Abstract: Reports of the use of behavior modification in the classroom are reviewed, with special attention given to the question of whether or not generalization of the effects of the behavior modification programs was obtained. Those programs in which generalization across time, settings, or behaviors was observed were found to differ from other programs in several important ways. These differences were utilized in formulating a set of 15 proposed “rules” for obtaining generalization of the effects of behavior modification procedures. It is suggested that these “rules” be used to make behavior modification more effective, both clinically and practically.

Federal Financial Exposure to Natural Catastrophe Risk

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to estimate the expected annual costs to taxpayers of federal disaster-related expenditures to provide guidance to federal policymakers in budgeting and formulating disaster relief policy. Our estimates take into account recent trends in the generosity of federal disaster policy as well as statistical data on the frequency and severity of losses from natural catastrophes. Our estimates of the costs of disasters are based on two sources: (1) simulation analysis by Applied Insurance Research, a leading catastrophe modeling firm, and (2) historical data on insured catastrophe losses from Property Claims Services, an insurance industry statistical firm. We estimate the average expected federal expenditures for disaster assistance related to hurricanes, earthquakes, thunderstorms, and winter storms to be about $20 billion a year. In a bad year, corresponding to a catastrophic event of severity expected only once every century, the bill could exceed $100 billion. Given the current approach to disaster relief funding, we project an unfunded liability for disaster assistance over the next 75 years comparable to that of Social Security. The magnitude of the projected liability strongly suggests that government should adopt a proactive, ex ante approach to disaster relief policy rather than the current ad hoc reactive approach.

Acute drug reactions among the elderly

Abstract: Research in the field of social gerontology has not examined rug use and abuse amont the aged despite the potential significance of this issue to many students of gerontology. This report, based on an analysis of the records of patients who were treated for acute drug reactions at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, Florida, during 1972, examines characteristics of acute drug reactions among a sample of 60 elderly patients and compares these characteristics with those of other age cohorts. The findings show that acute drug reactions were more likely to occur among whites and females, that a substantial number of the reactions followed the ingestion of two or more substances, that roughly one-third of the admissions were directly related to suicide attempts, and that the vast majority of acute drug reactions among the elderly admissions involved the ingestion of legally manufactured and distributed drugs. Language: en

The effect of the size of the test environment on behavior under two temporally defined schedules

Abstract: The effect of the size of the floor area of the operant test chamber on behavior was tested using a standard-size test chamber and a test chamber with one-fourth of the floor area of the standard chamber. Two groups of pigeons were tested under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 15-sec schedule or a variable-interval 60-sec schedule. Both groups of pigeons had higher response rates while in the smaller floor area. Pigeons under the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule also showed a decrease in rate of reinforcement, an increase in ratio of responses to reinforcements, and an alteration in interresponse-time-per-opportunity distributions when tested in the reduced floor-area condition. These effects are similar to those found under physical restraint, indicating that amount of floor space available for locomotion interacts with schedule behavior and that physical restraint may be regarded as the lower limiting value of amount of floor area available for locomotion.

The effect of host constitution on the development of Plasmodium floridense.

Abstract: SYNOPSIS More than 15,000 lizards from South Georgia were examined over a period of 16 years. Five percent of Sceloporus undulatus and 36% of Anolis carolinensis were found to harbor Plasmodium floridense. Development of 28 natural new infections was followed in detail as soon as they became patent and comparisons in the 2 host species made of intensity and duration of infections and of merozoite means during the periods of acute rise and decline. During the acute rise, the merozoite mean in Sceloporus was 10.6 ± 0.11 (8,495 segmenters counted), compared with 13.44 ± 0.15 in Anolis (3,805 counted); during the decline, the merozoite means were 8.55 ± 0.13 (3,305 counted) and 10.28 ± 0.09 (6,772 counted), respectively. It took an average of 150 (100–253) days for the infection to run its course in Sceloporus, compared with the average of 71 (60–90) days in Anolis; the peak of parasitemia in Sceloporus was 11,600 parasites/10,000 red cells, compared with 1,600 in Anolis. Both lizard genera produced 5–10% gametocytes.

Core Body Temperature and Social Arousal

Abstract: Arousal can be thought of as basic metabolic activity, which produces heat. Considerable metabolic activity takes place in the brain. Temperature measured at the tympanic membrane (ear- drum) is highly correlated with core temperature at the hypo thalamus and may provide an index of arousal. In two experi ments tympanic temperature was observed to increase during so cial interaction. Temperature increased less with three part ners than with one, possibly due to the diffusion of attention from others.

General anesthesia and the patient's attempts at control

Abstract: Twenty surgical patients were instructed to be active or passive while awaiting surgery. Pulse measures were taken as patients approached the operating table, received anesthesia, and lost consciousness. All patients increased in pulse rate before anesthesia. Immediately after initial anesthesia the groups diverged, active patients decreasing and passive patients increasing in pulse rate. A decrease in pulse rate is clinically desirable. A patient’s active participation may show that the staff is responsive to his needs, making him more willing to submit to anesthesia.

Fornix lesions: Effects on active and passive avoidance behavior

Abstract: Twenty-four fornix-lesioned and 16 sham-operated rats were tested on one-way active avoidance acquisition, subsequent passive avoidance of the previously safe compartment, and acquisition and extinction of the passive avoidance of an electrified foodcup. Rats with lesions of the fornix made significantly more errors than controls in learning the one-way active avoidance acquisition task and had significantly elevated freezing scores on both escape and avoidance trials. Lesioned animals also made significantly more errors in the passive avoidance of the previously safe compartment. There were no significant differences found on either acquisition or extinction of the passive avoidance of an electrified foodcup. The results support the hypothesis that fornix destruction produces impaired performance on tasks which require a spatial discrimination.

Angular distribution of photoelectrons from the4fsubshell of mercury

Abstract: The photoelectron angular distribution for the $4f$ subshell of mercury, along with the photoionization cross section, has been calculated in Hartree-Fock and Hartree-Slater approximations. The angular distributions in the various approximations are in good agreement but the cross sections differ by as much as a factor of 2.