Showing papers by "Georgia State University published in 1978"
TL;DR: This article found that despite outstanding academic and professional accomplishments, women who experience the imposter phenomenon persist in believing that they are really not bright and have fooled anyone who thinks otherwise, and four factors contribute to the maintenance of impostor feelings over time.
Abstract: The term impostor phenomenon is used to designate an int ernal experience of intellectual phonies, which appears to be particularly prevalent and intense among a select sample of high achieving women. Certain early family dynamics and later introjection of societal sex-role stereotyping appear to contribute significantly to the development of the impostor phenomenon. Despite outstanding academic and professional accomplishments, women who experience the imposter phenomenon persists in believing that they are really not bright and have fooled anyone who thinks otherwise. Numerous achievements, which one might expect to provide ample object evidence of superior intellectual functioning, do not appear to affect the impostor belief. Four factors, which contribute to the maintenance of impostor feelings over time, are explored. Therapeutic approaches found to be effective in helping women change the impostor self-concept are described.
1,256 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a large-scale study of adolescent consumer socialization are presented and a general conceptual framework of socialization is outlined to serve as a blueprint for discussing variables a...
Abstract: The results of a large-scale study of adolescent consumer socialization are presented. A general conceptual framework of socialization is outlined to serve as a blueprint for discussing variables a...
957 citations
TL;DR: Through use of learned symbols, two chimpanzees accurately specified 11 foods by name to one another when the food item's identity was known by only one and they could not do this when denied use of the symbols.
Abstract: Through use of learned symbols, two chimpanzees accurately specified 11 foods by name to one another when the food item's identity was known by only one. They could not do this when denied use of the symbols. The chimpanzees then spontaneously requested specific foods of one another by name. Requests resulted in cooperative and reciprocal symbolically mediated food exchange.
216 citations
TL;DR: It is surprising that, given the enduring interest in the ability of apes to communicate symbolically with one another, all language work with apes has hitherto concentrated upon their ability to demonstrate language functions and syntax in interaction with human beings.
Abstract: It is surprising that, given the enduring interest in the ability of apes to communicate symbolically with one another, all language work with apes has hitherto concentrated upon their ability to demonstrate language functions and syntax in interaction with human beings (Fouts 1974a; Gardner & Gardner 1969, 1971; Patterson 1977; Premack 1976a; Rumbaugh 1977; Terrace & Bever this volume). As Steklis and Harnad (1976) point out, the true adaptive function of language lies in the ability it confers upon man to transmit specific information in an abstract, context-free form. Previous work with apes has, for the most part, placed a highly sophisticated and competent, language-using human being in the role of either the receiver or the transmitter in every linguistic interchange. This essentially allows the chimpanzee to “fill in the blanks” while the nature of the interchange is basically structured by the human being. Anecdotal reports on chimpanzees learning American Sign Language (ASL) have suggested that the animals are communicating with one another through signs (Fouts 1973, 1974a; Gardner & Gardner 1978); however, what is not clear in any of these cases is (1) whether the chimpanzees were indeed gesturing to one another and not to the humans who were nearby, (2) whether the ASL gestures used were essentially different from the nonverbal gestures reported for wild chimpanzees, (3) whether the recipient of the gesture altered his behavior in specific response to the gesture, or (4) whether the animals were capable of reversing transmitter’s and receiver’s roles.
213 citations
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple, highly efficient, and computationally stable algorithm is developed for the approximation of arbitrary planar curves by linear segments, which yields excellent results in economizing the number of line vectors required to represent curves on display within precisions specified by an error tolerance parameter.
124 citations
TL;DR: These observations suggest that, at least in aspects of sexual behavior, the pygmy chimpanzee displays greater malleability and greater dependencyupon complex non-verbal signaling than do those of any other living non-human primate.
124 citations
TL;DR: A review of research related to the various hypotheses of managerial role-motivation theory can be found in this article, where a number of studies have been conducted to test the theory's validity and all have yielded significant results.
Abstract: Research related to the various hypotheses of managerial role-motivation theory is reviewed. In general this research supports the theory, although there are numerous areas that require further investigation. A total of 21 studies have been conducted to test the theory's validity and all have yielded significant results; 5 of these studies are predictive. Similar studies conducted outside the theoretical domain have uniformly failed to produce significant findings. Research carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of managerial role motivation training has indicated positive effects in 16 of 17 instances, and the construct validity of the primary measure used to operationalize the theory's variables, the Miner Sentence Completion Scale, has been established in relation to a number of other instruments. Relationships to other theories of motivation and leadership are considered, suggestions for future research are presented, and certain proposals for theoretical extensions are set forth.
112 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that it is ill advised to begin language training by introducing the names of objects or their attributes, and that the decontextualization of lexigram usage and the symbolic uses of the words used in training are ill advised.
105 citations
TL;DR: A growing body of literature clearly shows typical LD children have trouble directing their attention to the central features of an externally-provided task and perceive the consequences surrounding their behavior to be more externally-controlled than does the average learner.
Abstract: A growing body of literature clearly shows typical LD children have trouble directing their attention to the central features of an externally-provided task. Further, LD children perceive the consequences surrounding their behavior to be more externally-controlled than does the average learner. This inactive, externally-controlled learning style is well documented. Further research needs now to isolate the subgroups which may exist within the broader characterization and examine the effectiveness of remedial techniques with the various subgroups. - G.M.S.
99 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the influences of television, family, school, and peers on the acquisition of specific consumer skills that contribute to the individual's competency and proficiency as a consumer in the marketplace.
Abstract: Recent public policy discussions have focused on the role and influences of television, school, and family in teaching young people various desirable and undesirable consumer-related cognitions and behaviors. This research provides a theoretical and empirical basis useful in resolving such issues. The study examined the influences of television, family, school and peers on the acquisition of specific consumer skills that contribute to the individual's competency and proficiency as a consumer in the marketplace.
TL;DR: In this article, a significant change in mineralogy where the fluvial Cutler beds grade into the littoral marine Cedar Mesa Sandstone deposits can be directly related to active reworking of detritus in the shallow marine environment.
Abstract: A greater than 50% decrease in the percentage of labile light minerals occurs between the non-marine Cutler Formation (Permian) and its facies equivalent, the marine Cedar Mesa Sandstone, in the vicinity of Moab, Utah. Both the Cutler and Cedar Mesa Formations were derived from crystalline rocks of the Uncom-pahgre Mountains under semi-arid to arid climatic conditions. Furthermore, diagenesis had little effect on the light-mineral fraction. Therefore, the significant change in mineralogy where the fluvial Cutler beds grade into the littoral marine Cedar Mesa deposits can be directly related to active reworking of detritus in the shallow marine environment.
Less coarse perthitic alkali feldspar, twinned plagioclase, undulose mono-crystalline quartz, and polycrystalline quartz in the Cedar Mesa with respect to the Cutler suggest that compositional maturation was produced by breakage of mechanically weaker grains during grain-to-grain collisions. Furthermore, the end products of compositional modification by shallow marine processes may be sufficiently different from those produced by weathering and dilution from sedimentary source rocks to allow evaluation of the relative effects of these processes on the origin of compositionally mature ancient sandstones.
TL;DR: This article investigated the effectiveness of two types of promised incentives in producing responses to a mail survey: a personal cash payment versus an identical (one dollar) contribution to a contribution to the same charity.
Abstract: The authors investigated the effectiveness of two types of promised incentives in producing responses to a mail survey: a personal cash payment versus an identical (one dollar) contribution to a ch...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the explanatory power and relative importance of variables related to prisonization in the previous literature and reveal that the proportion of variance in prisonization which can be accounted for is not high.
Abstract: This study. based on an analysis of data obtained from a randomly selected sample of 239 inmates of a maximum security federal penetentiary, assesses the explanotory power and relative importance of variables related to prisonization in the previous literature. While support for hypotheses derived from the importation and deprivation models was found, our analysis. consistent with earlier research, reveals that the proportion of variance in prisonization which can be accounted for is not high. Still, our findings underline the necessity of moving toward an integration of existing theories of prisonization rother than attempting to view them as contradictory perspectives.
TL;DR: This article found that the high traditionality of actual job decisions is, at least in part, a result of institutional constraints, such as the need for a job and time pressure, leading to less egalitarian decisions.
Abstract: Recent PhDs in psychology and biological sciences with spouses who were also professionals were surveyed; the focus was on their joint job-seeking. Couples frequently described egalitarian decision rules. But traditional patterns were also evident, particularly among the biological-science sample. Egalitarianism decreased in the actual job decisions made, but here the traditional alternative was frequently cited as a forced choice. Responses to simulations showed egalitarian decisions to be common under low constraint conditions. Constraints such as the need for a job and time pressure produced more nonegalitarian decisions. However, under these hypothetical conditions, the constraints were as likely to produce nontraditional as traditional following. It is suggested that the high traditionality of actual job decisions is, at least in part, a result of institutional constraints.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the diurnal variation in core temperature results from the combined effects of diurnal rhythms of activity and of the thermoregulatory upper limit.
TL;DR: Multiple linear regression analysis was found to be an excellent procedure to account for and mathematically control factors responsible for unexplained variance in meal sizes and intermeal intervals and to be sensitive to brain damage induced changes in feeding behavior.
TL;DR: Theoretical results for the photoionization cross section of the ions of iron are presented in this article, where the calculations are performed in the Hartree-Slater centralpotential model and are carried out for each occupied subshell from neutral iron to the two-electron system.
Abstract: Theoretical results for the photoionization cross section of the ions of iron are presented. The calculations are performed in the Hartree-Slater central-potential model and are carried out for each occupied subshell from neutral iron to the two-electron system (${\mathrm{Fe}}^{+24}$). The results show that removal of outer-shell electrons have essentially no effect on inner-shell cross sections other than to shift the threshold. The general systematic of the cross sections for the various subshells as one moves along an isonuclear sequence are discussed.
TL;DR: The Belair Fault Zone as discussed by the authors is a series of northeast-trending oblique-slip reverse faults that cut the inner margin of the Coastal Plain near Augusta, Georgia, in juxtaposition with Coastal Plain sediments and crystalline rocks.
Abstract: The Belair fault zone is a series of northeast-trending oblique-slip reverse faults that cut the inner margin of the Coastal Plain near Augusta, Georgia, in juxtaposition with Coastal Plain sediments and crystalline rocks. The fault zone is composed of at least eight en echelon faults and has been mapped for more than 24 km (15 mi). Geologic mapping and drilling indicate that the fault zone has had as much as 30 m (100 ft) of apparent vertical offset since the deposition of the Late Cretaceous to middle Tertiary Coastal Plain sedimentary rocks, and ∼ 23 km (14 mi) of apparent left-lateral offset since the metamorphism of the Paleozoic crystalline rocks. The configuration of the inner margin of the Coastal Plain northeast of Augusta suggests that the Belair fault zone is much longer than presently mapped and that Coastal Plain rocks were possibly involved in the transcurrent displacement.
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the atomic photoelectron spectroscopy can be found in this article, with a focus on the physical implications of each approximation to allow an approximate prior assessment of how well a given calculation would do in a particular situation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the atomic photoelectron spectroscopy It deals primarily with the theory of photoionization, and photoelectron angular distributions and calculations at various levels of approximation The focus is on the physical implications of each approximation to allow an approximate prior assessment of how well a given calculation would do in a particular situation An attempt is made to show the variety of phenomena uncovered, their physical explanation, and the predictive powers of the theory by comparison with experiment From an experimental point of view, making measurements on gaseous atoms or molecules is quite similar and many more measurements of molecules than atoms have been made, since there are so many more gaseous molecules The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of some very successful recent calculations of molecular photoionization cross sections and angular distributions
TL;DR: A review of ape-language research is made, with emphasis given to the problems of controls where work is done face to face with the subjects, as where Ameslan (signing) is the system employed.
Abstract: The impact of ape-language research upon current thought pertaining to language and man in relationship to the apes is discussed within an evolutionary framework. Studies of apes can reveal certain requisites to the language skills of humans. Social adaptations are thought to be important to the evolution of those requisites. A review of ape-language research is made, with emphasis given to the problems of controls where work is doneen face with the subjects, as where Ameslan (signing) is the system employed. The need for careful definition of what is a “word,” and the need for tracing through experience how responses come to acquire meaning, hence “wordness,” is emphasized. Levels of wordness are discussed which emerge initially from basic operants and performatives. Evidence is reported in support of the conclusion that it is through direct experience, through the pragmatic application and use of instruments, and through important social relationships that word learning is facilitated. Finally, it is noted that an important step of validation in our own work is in the successful application of methods emanating therefrom to work with mentally retarded children.
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt is made to correct certain conceptual and methodological errors contained in a previous article on the Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS), and new data bearing on scorer reliability, con...
Abstract: An attempt is made to correct certain conceptual and methodological errors contained in a previous article on the Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS). New data bearing on scorer reliability, con...
TL;DR: A normative model of strategic problem solving is developed based upon Allison's work and three conceptual models are suggested as descriptive frameworks for understanding Simon's decision process.
Abstract: Problems are structured when they are repetitive, routine, and well-defined. Standardized approaches including habit, tradition, standard operating procedures, and sophisticated analytical models are frequently used. Problems are ill-structured when they are novel, one of a kind, unfocused, and complex. Depending on the level in the organization in which the ill-structured problems occur, different problem-solving processes may be utilized. The Dewey and Dewey-Bentley models are proposed as general methodologies for solving operating problems at the lower levels of the organization. Simon's decision-process trichotomy is proposed as a methodology for solving strategic problems at the upper levels of the organization. Allison's three conceptual models are suggested as descriptive frameworks for understanding Simon's decision process. Based upon Allison's work, a normative model of strategic problem solving is developed.
TL;DR: In this paper, all carbon-13 chemical shifts for 11 para-substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides in 1 mole % chloroform solution are reported, with assignments based upon double resonance experiments, analogy to chemical shifts of benzamide, and self-consistency between experimental and calculated values using recognized substituent parameters.
Abstract: All carbon-13 chemical shifts for 11 para-substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides in 1 mole % chloroform solution are reported, with assignments based upon double resonance experiments, analogy to chemical shifts of benzamide, and self-consistency between experimental and calculated values using recognized substituent parameters. In contrast to earlier reports, the aryl carbon chemical shift assignments for N,N-dimethylbenzamide are C-2, 127.0; C-3, 128.7; C-4, 129.4, and for p-chloro-N,N-dimethylbenzamide are C-1, 134.6; C-4, 135.5 ppm, relative to internal TMS. Good Hammett correlations (σp) are reported for 13C chemical shifts of C-1 (σ = 11.9 ppm) and even for the carbonyl group (σ = −2.3 ppm) but are markedly improved if correlated with σp+ (σ = 9.5 ppm) and Dewar's F (σ = −1.9 ppm), respectively. Excellent Swain–Lupton F and R correlations were found for some of the 13C chemical shifts and yielded values for percent resonance contributions to transmission of substituent effects as follows, C-1, 75 ± 4%; C-2, 51 ± 3%; CO, 31±2%. These are compared to similar values calculated from the CO of benzoic acids of 34±10%, and from the nitrogen-15 chemical shifts of benzamides of 56±2%. Correlations of these 13C δ values and 15N δ values with rotation barriers (ΔG) for N,N-dimethylbenzamides were examined, and it was found that while CO δ values correlated only poorly the C-1 δ values correlated very well, but the best correlation was for 15N δ values of benzamides. It is suggested that Δ G and δ 15N are intrinsically related due to their numerical correlation, and the close similarity in percent resonance contribution of substituent influence on these parameters.
TL;DR: The first π-bound aromatic heterocyclic ring with σ-bonded metal atoms was presented in this paper. But the first examples of a π bound ring with the hetero atom also σbonding to a second metal atom have not yet been presented.
TL;DR: Bovine serum was more effective than defined media for induction of germ tubes in the majority of isolates, and Germ-tube maturation appeared to be dependent upon mitochondrial RNA polymerase activity.
Abstract: Atypical isolates of Candida albicans which failed to produce germ tubes in routine diagnostic procedures were examined for their ability to produce germ tubes in various media. Bovine serum was more effective than defined media for induction of germ tubes in the majority of isolates. A few strains formed appreciable germ tubes only in bovine serum with added thioglycollate or cysteine. One strain did not produce germ tubes in any medium. Germ-tube maturation appeared to be dependent upon mitochondrial RNA polymerase activity. The failure by an isolate to produce germ tubes, particularly in tests without strictly controlled conditions, does not preclude the possibility that the organism is C. albicans.
TL;DR: In this article, a radical identified as C6H5NHCS[Ndot]NH2 has been studied with E.S.R. and endor spectroscopy in X-irradiated 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide single crystals.
Abstract: A radical identified as C6H5NHCS[Ndot]NH2 has been studied with E.S.R. and ENDOR spectroscopy in X-irradiated 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide single crystals. The ENDOR measurements reveal interactions between the unpaired electron and two hydrogen nuclei with the principal values These interactions are of NH α-type and arise from the amino hydrogens. The E.S.R. indicates additional interaction between the unpaired electron and three nitrogen nuclei. These interactions are all axially symmetric about the direction of intermediate hydrogen coupling and have principal values estimated to be From these results and those from the hydrogen interactions, the nitrogen interaction labelled N2 is assigned to the amino nitrogen.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of secondary electron spectra is applied to the experimental data on ionization of He, Ne, and Ar by protons in the 0.1-1.5-MeV energy range.
Abstract: A theoretical analysis of secondary electron spectra, which has previously been applied to electron-impact ionization of atoms and molecules, is applied to the experimental data on ionization of He, Ne, and Ar by protons in the 0.1-1.5-MeV energy range. The data are also compared with ab initio Born-approximation calculations. Our theoretical analysis clearly brings out expected features in the secondary-electron spectra for incident proton energies of 1 MeV and up. Inner-shell contributions and the charge transfer to the continuum process tend to obscure the appearance of a simple asymptotic behavior at lower proton energies; for a given incident energy, the analysis is simpler for atoms and molecules with lower nuclear charge.