Showing papers by "Georgia State University published in 1979"
TL;DR: Drugs would experience a relatively constant ionic environment when complexed to DNA even though the ionic conditions of the solvent could change considerably, according to the ion condensation theory.
Abstract: The interaction of quinacrine with calf thymus DNA was monitored at several different ionic strengths using spectrophotometric and equilibrium dialysis techniques. The binding results can be explained, assuming each base pair is a potential binding site, using a model containing two negative cooperative effects: (1) ligand exclusion at binding sites adjacent to a filled binding site and (2) ligand–ligand negative cooperativity at adjacent filled binding sites. The logarithm of the observed equilibrium constant (Kobs) determined by this model varies linearily with log[Na+], as predicted by the ion condensation theory for polyelectrolytes. When the log Kobs plot is correlated for sodium release by DNA in the intercalation conformational change, the predicted number of ion pairs between the ligand and DNA is approximately two, as expected for the quinacrine dication. Even though Kobs depends strongly on ionic strength, the ligand negative cooperativity parameter ω was found to be indpendent of ionic strength within experimental error. This finding is also in agreement with the ion condensation theory, which predicts a relatively constant amount of condensed counterion on the DNA double helix over this ionic strength range. Drugs would, therefore, experience a relatively constant ionic environment when complexed to DNA even though the ionic conditions of the solvent could change considerably.
139 citations
TL;DR: Although the consumer behavior of young people has become of increasing interest to marketing practitioners and public policy makers, little empirical data are available to be used in effective dec... as mentioned in this paper,.
Abstract: Although the consumer behavior of young people has become of increasing interest to marketing practitioners and public policy makers, little empirical data are available to be used in effective dec...
107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of photoionization cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions for the outer $p$ subshell of the chalcogen atoms O, S, Se, and Te and the halogen atoms F, Cl, Br, and I is presented.
Abstract: The authors present a survey of the photoionization cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions for the outer $p$ subshell of the chalcogen atoms O, S, Se, and Te and the halogen atoms F, Cl, Br, and I. Results are presented in the Hartree-Fock approximation as well as in the central-potential-model approximation. An extensive analysis and comparison of the results obtained is presented which finds that exchange-interaction effects are strongest for the $n=3$ row elements.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used discriminant analysis to assess sex and party differences across four aspects of party organization: incentives for participation, party role definitions, party activities and electoral ambition.
Abstract: This article uses discriminant analysis to assess sex and party differences across four aspects of party organization: incentives for participation, party role definitions, party activities and electoral ambition. The results illustrate that gender roles operate most distinctly in the two areas of electoral ambition and party activities. Party context is more important than sex in terms of the other two areas, party role definitions and incentives for participation. The authors conclude that party activists' gender-related behavior can be better understood by discovering how the context of party organization either modifies or reinforces such behavior.
64 citations
TL;DR: Yeasts representative of species of industrial interest were compared with Candida albicans for their potential pathogenicity for untreated and cortisone-treated mice and only C. tropicalis produced a progressive infection similar to that produced by C. al bicans.
Abstract: Eleven yeasts representative of species of industrial interest were compared with Candida albicans for their potential pathogenicity for untreated and cortisone-treated mice. Only C. tropicalis produced a progressive infection similar to that produced by C. albicans. Candida lipolytica, Torulopsis spp., and Hansenula polymorpha were not recovered from mice 6 days after inoculation. Kluyveromyces fragilis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. utilis, C. guilliermondii and C. maltosa were recovered from mice but did not produce evidence of infection.
54 citations
TL;DR: Ch Chromosomal G and C banding comparisons revealed no clear homologies between the parental karyotypes except for the single chromosome in each species containing the nucleolus organizer region, suggesting that the structural rearrangement of chromosomes has played a major role in the process of speciation for these lesser apes.
Abstract: The serendipitous mating of a male gibbon, Hylobates moloch, and a female siamang, Symphalangus syndactylus, has produced two female offspring born 1 year apart. The hybrid karyotype of 47 chromosomes comprises the haploid complements of the parental species, 22 for the gibbon and 25 for the siamang. Chromosomal G and C banding comparisons revealed no clear homologies between the parental karyotypes except for the single chromosome in each species containing the nucleolus organizer region. The lack of homology suggests that the structural rearrangement of chromosomes has played a major role in the process of speciation for these lesser apes.
51 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that misbeliefs change little by course exposure, but there is an intriguing relationship with student performance, finding that students are more likely to be misbelieved when exposed to course exposure.
Abstract: Again misbeliefs are found to change little by course exposure, but there is an intriguing relationship with student performance.
48 citations
TL;DR: The number of women principals actually declined in the 1970s as mentioned in this paper during a period of time that might be considered a high point in the current women’s movement, and during a time when ample evidence attesting to women's leadership capability was available, but the relative numbers of females and males in these positions remained extremely discrepant.
Abstract: women, only 15.2 percent of the principals and assistant principals and 1.4 percent of the superintendents and deputy, associate, and assistant superintendents were women.’ In 1976, women comprised 66 percent of all classroom teachers, 12.9 percent of all principals and assistant principals, and 5.4 percent of the superintendents and assistant superintendents.~ During a period of time that might be considered a high point in the current women’s movement, and during a time when ample evidence attesting to women’s leadership capability was available, the number of women principals actually declined. The miniscule proportion of women administrators at the highest levels increase, but the relative numbers of females and males in these positions remained extremely discrepant. ’
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Survey of Organizations questionnaire was administered to a sample of military trainers at Time1 (N1, = 222) and Time2 (N2= 242) with no intervention.
Abstract: Numerous advances have been made in the last two decades in the measurement as well as in the conceptualization of change. Golembiewski, Billingsley, and Yeager (1976) conceptualized change as: (1) gamma change—subjects change their understanding of the variable being measured; (2) beta change—subjects recalibrate the measurement scale; and, (3) alpha change—change detected with a consistent measurement scale (i.e., no beta change) and for which gamma change has been ruled out. The present research examined these types of change by administering the Survey of Organizations questionnaire to a sample of military trainers at Time1 (N1, = 222) and Time2 (N2= 242) with no intervention. This design may be referred to as two premeasures of an abbreviated time series design. The results are discussed within the context of the alpha, beta, gamma change typology. After ruling out gamma change, the results revealed that alpha and beta change could be distinguished from each other and that beta change had been measured. The potential causes of the detected beta change (i.e., the rival hypotheses affecting internal validity) are analyzed. The implications of these results are discussed for the present research as well as for other empirical investigations of organizational change.
44 citations
TL;DR: 37 dyes including 3 anthraquinone, 22 azo; 5 xanthene, 5 fluorandiol, and 2 thioindigo dyes, were tested for mutagenic potential with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test and indicated that one azo dye, D&C Orange No. 17, was mutagenIC with three of the bacterial test strains.
Abstract: 37 dyes including 3 anthraquinone, 22 azo; 5 xanthene, 5 fluorandiol, and 2 thioindigo dyes, were tested for mutagenic potential with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. Two frame-shift histidine mutants (TA1537 and TA98) and two base-pair substituted histidine mutants (TA1535 and TA100) of Salmonella typhimurium were employed. Both the spot test and the plate-incorporation assay indicated that one azo dye, D&C Orange No. 17, was mutagenic with three of the bacterial test strains. The mutagenic response of D&C Orange No. 17 was depressed by the addition of the microsomal fraction from rat livers. Of the chemicals used to synthesize D&C Orange No. 17, β-naphthol was not mutagenic but 2,4-dinitroaniline was mutagenic to the same Salmonella strains as D&C Orange No. 17. Dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of lipsticks of similar formula but with and without D&C Orange No. 17 were tested in the plate incorporation assay. Only those containing D&C Orange No. 17 were mutagenic and the dye was mutagenic at concentrations consumed in normal daily use.
39 citations
TL;DR: There appears to be considerable confusion about the appropriateness of measuring the reliability of marketing research as mentioned in this paper, which may be due to the fact that few scholars would dispute the need to quantify and report the reliability in marketing research.
Abstract: Few scholars would dispute the need to quantify and report the reliability of measurement in marketing research. There appears to be considerable confusion, however, about the appropriateness of va...
TL;DR: The conclusion from these experiments is that chloroquine does not bind to DNA by the classical intercalation mechanism typical of quinacrine and ethidium.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of management perceptions of the working capital process was undertaken, where a survey was used to collect the information from the sample of marketing, production, and financial executives in large corporations in Belgium, France, India, and the United States.
Abstract: Working capital literature is rather limited and the process of managing short‐term resources is not understood well by academicians. In contrast, corporate managers are continuously involved in the working capital decision-making process, but their perspective is limited to the practices within their firm. In order to fill this gap in the working capital literature, a study of management perceptions of the working capital process was undertaken. A survey was used to collect the information from the sample of marketing, production, and financial executives in large corporations in Belgium, France, India, and the United States. The study intercepts management ranking of working capital objectives and indicates the need to improve finacial planning models to include explicitly short–run objectives; further, predictability of cash inflows and outflows is examined and the potential factors affecting the predictability are evaluated. Finally, this study examines management perceptions of long-range objectives in order to provide a proper perspective to the short-run financial planning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the tautomeric composition of a solution of ammonium 3-deoxy-d - manno -octulosonate (KDO, 1a ) in D 2 O at 28° was assessed by means of 13 C-F.m.t.-n.r.
TL;DR: In this article, the energy and angle of the ejected electron were calculated using Hartree-Slater and Hartree Fock wave functions for argon and the results were compared with each other and with experiment results.
Abstract: Proton-impact-ionization cross sections for argon which are differential in the energy and angle of the ejected electron have been calculated within the framework of the Born approximation using both Hartree-Slater and Hartree-Fock wave functions for the ejected electron. Results of the two types of calculations are compared with each other and with experiment. Differential cross sections for all five sub shells of argon are examined and particular attention is given to some interesting features of the $K$-shell cross sections. The range of applicability of the theoretical models is discussed.
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the trends in course-by-course grading at a large public urban university over a recent six-year period and determine if systematic grade inflation was occurring.
Abstract: This paper describes the trends in course-by-course grading at a large public urban university over a recent six-year period. To determine if systematic grade inflation was occurring, the study analyzed 144 individual undergraduate courses. Multiple linear regressions were fitted to more than 125,000 final course grades by courses. Most course grading patterns showed little evidence of systematic and homogeneous change over time. Hence, the increasing cumulative GPA for undergraduates at the institution studied was not caused by a general relaxing of grading standards. Rather, the supposition is that more students are moving away from traditional curricula into courses and degree programs which they find have grading standards reflecting their abilities and/or interests.
TL;DR: In this article, cognitive style perceptions are suggested as possible explanations for the communication barrier often found to exist between system specialists and the users of information systems, and empirical studies are presented which demonstrate that perceptual differences can be observed for specific cognitive styles and between subjects possessing contrasting educational backgrounds.
TL;DR: The speckle camera in regular use at Kitt Peak National Observatory since 1974 is described in detail and the quality of image formation with this camera, the effects of seeing on the patterns, and the isoplanatic patch of the atmosphere is illustrated.
Abstract: The speckle camera in regular use at Kitt Peak National Observatory since 1974 is described in detail. The design of the atmospheric dispersion compensation prisms, the use of film as a recording medium, the accuracy of double star measurements, and the next generation speckle camera are discussed. Photographs of double star speckle patterns with separations from 1.4 sec of arc to 4.7 sec of arc are shown to illustrate the quality of image formation with this camera, the effects of seeing on the patterns, and to illustrate the isoplanatic patch of the atmosphere.
TL;DR: In this paper, conductance studies have been performed at 25°C on acetonitrile solutions containing LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, and LiAsF6.
Abstract: Conductance studies have been performed at 25°C on acetonitrile solutions containing LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, and LiAsF6. The data for LiI and LiAsF6 were analyzed by the Fuoss-Onsager theory for nonassociated electrolytes, while the data for LiBr, LiCl, and LiSCN could be fitted to one of the Fuoss equations for associated electrolytes. The limiting equivalent conductances of these salts exhibit the order LiSCN>LiAsF6>LiI>LiBr>LiCl, which leads to the conclusion that the smaller ions have a higher effective ionic size due to the solvation by acetonitrile. The salts LiI and LiAsF6 appear to be completely dissociated, whereas LiBr is found to be moderately associated and LiSCN and LiCl are considerably associated in acetonitrile.
TL;DR: In this paper, three different methods of dealing with anger, calm, rational discussion, fair fighting, and sharing of hurt and of fear of hurt, were compared to each other.
Abstract: To check on the validity of three different methods of dealing with anger, 1) calm, rational discussion, 2) “fair fighting,” and 3) sharing of hurt and of fear of hurt, two different studies were performed. In the first study a video-taped procedure was presented to 36 undergraduates. Their preferences indicated no support for the hypothesis of sex differences in dealing with conflict and some support to differential preferences for each of three methods. In the second study, three structured programs directly derived from the three theoretical positions were administered at random to 11 couples. Their reactions suggested some support for the position that intimacy may be found in sharing of hurt feelings. Theoretical issues and directions for future research are considered.
TL;DR: In this article, the difficulties clinicians experience in appropriately treating men attempting to adopt nontraditional sex roles are discussed and suggestions made to ameliorate these difficulties, while the impact of the women's movement has made therapists more sensitive to societal influences on the behavior of women, comparable attention has not been paid to societal influence on the sex role stereotypical behavior or to the price paid by men who violate stereotypical sex-role expectations.
Abstract: Difficulties clinicians experience in appropriately treating men attempting to adopt nontraditional sex roles are discussed and suggestions made to ameliorate these difficulties. While the impact of the women's movement has made therapists more sensitive to societal influences on the behavior of women, comparable attention has not been paid to societal influences on the sex-role stereotypical behavior or to the price paid by men who violate stereotypical sex-role expectations. Further, clinicians who have been socialized into dominant societal values may have difficulty tolerating men who are trying to abandon higher status “traditional masculine” values for nontraditional ones; such clinicians are unlikely to provide decent treatment for males espousing new sex roles.
TL;DR: Andrews et al. as discussed by the authors compared runners with non-runners on the Secord-Jourard Body-Cathexis and Self-cathexis scales and found that runners had better self-concept than nonrunners.
Abstract: There is no known reported research comparing runners with a nonrunning group on the Secord-Jourard Body-cathexis and Self-cathexis Scales (Secord & Jourard, 1953). Thus the purpose of this study was to make that comparison since running is said to increase both body-concept and self-concept (Andrews, 1978). The first author administered the two scales to 56 male and 24 female runners at local races in Florida during the competition. The nonrunners (14 males, 31 females) were students in introductory psychology courses at a southeastern university. Using Student's t test, significant differences were found between the means of the male runners and nonrunners (runners' Body Cathexis M = 140.34, SD = 15.80; nonrunners' M = 129.50, SD = 12.62; diff. = 10.84, t = 2.64, p < .01). On the Self-cathexis Scale, runners' M = 145.36 (SD = 16.98); nonrunners' M = 131.21 (SD = 17.94; diff. = 14.15, t = 2.55, p < .01). While the difference between the means for the female runners and nonrunners was in the right direction, there were no statistically significant mean differences on either scale. There were also no significant differences between the sexes, but the male runners did appear to have better self-concepts on the Self-cathexis Scale as well as a better concept of their bodies. Secord and Jourard (1953) reported a correlation between Bodyand Self-cathexis Scales of .58 for the men and .68 for the women. For present data, the correlation was .65 for both sexes.
TL;DR: In this article, Dirac-Fock calculations of the photoionization of the outer electrons in Na, K, Rb, and Cs have been performed, and the resulting photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameters show strong variations with energy, in contrast to the nonrelativistic prediction of $\ensuremath{\beta}=2$, independent of energy, for $s$ electrons.
Abstract: Dirac-Fock calculations of the photoionization of the outer $\mathrm{ns}$ electrons in Na, K, Rb, and Cs have been performed. The resulting photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameters $\ensuremath{\beta}$ show strong variations with energy, in contrast to the nonrelativistic prediction of $\ensuremath{\beta}=2$, independent of energy, for $s$ electrons. This deviation is due to the spin-orbit interaction of the continuum electron which gives rise to two final states $\ensuremath{\epsilon}{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, in place of the single $\ensuremath{\epsilon}p$ nonrelativistically. The transitions to the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ have matrix elements and phase shifts which differ and interfere, thereby resulting in an energy-dependent $\ensuremath{\beta}$. The effects are particularly dramatic between the Cooper minima in the two channels, and they persist even for $Z$ as low as that for Na.
TL;DR: From the experimentally observed small chemical shift differences between the helical and coil forms, it is concluded that the gauche, gauche.
TL;DR: It was suggested that the medial septal nucleus, in response to increases of blood osmolarity, normally facilitates the activity of hypothalamic structures responsible for the secretion of pituitary anti-diuretic hormone.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the reasons used by husbands and wives to explain changes in sexual behavior during pregnancy and identified four types of explanations: biographical/sociocultural excuses, appeals to priorities, physiological/anatomical excuses, and appeals to self-fulfillment.
Abstract: Based on conjoint interviews with 16 couples expecting their first child, this paper examines the reasons used by husbands and wives to explain changes in sexual behavior during pregnancy. A qualitative analysis of the interview transcripts resulted in the identification of four types of explanations: biographical/sociocultural excuses (40% of the reasons given by husbands and wives), appeals to priorities (28%), physiological/anatomical excuses (22%), and appeals to self‐fulfillment (10%). This distribution conflicts with previous research which has emphasized physiological/anatomical reasons. This is also the first study to compare husbands' and wives' reasons for changes in prenatal sexuality; the wives generally volunteered more reasons than the husbands. The principal conceptual tool used in the analysis is the symbolic interactionist contention that reasons or motives are basically “aligning actions” which orient people toward each other and which integrate deviant conduct with the existing...