Showing papers by "Georgia State University published in 1988"
TL;DR: The authors present some major problems with using mutation analysis and discuss possible solutions and conclude with a solution to one of these problems-a method of automatically generating mutation-adequate data.
276 citations
Louisiana State University1, University of Louisville2, University of Missouri3, Texas Southern University4, Massachusetts Institute of Technology5, University of Maryland, College Park6, Portland State University7, Winston-Salem State University8, Southern Illinois University Carbondale9, Georgia State University10, Albemarle Corporation11, University of Iowa12
TL;DR: This review covers literature indexed by Chemical Abstracts from January, 1985, Vol 102, issue 1, through October 1987, Vol.
Abstract: As you may have already noted, this year introduces a new set of authors for this fundamental review. As new authors, they hope that they can do as accurate a job as did their predecessor, Professor Earl Wehry, of the University of Tennessee. The format for this review follows the basic outline used by Professor Wehry, with some modifications. They have condensed several sections and eliminated the section on gas-phase chemiluminescence. The primary areas of emphasis including advances in experimental techniques, developments in instrumentation, and applications for chemical analysis, remain the same. To keep the review at a reasonable length, they have not included articles that are only peripherally related to analytical chemistry or those that represent straightforward extensions or demonstrations of previously published research. In this first issue, it is likely that they have made some errors of omission, and they request your assistance in identifying any obvious errors. They have tried to be conscientious in surveying the literature and have also surveyed individual researchers in the field. This review covers literature indexed by Chemical Abstracts from January, 1985, Vol. 102, issue 1, through October 1987, Vol. 107, issue 16. Accordingly, there will be some overlap between this reviewmore » and Professor Wehry's last review.« less
213 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors model the financing decisions of a firm as a sequential signaling game and show that when insiders have perfect information regarding the firm's future case flows, the application of'refinements' to the set of admissible equilibria leads to the dominance of debt over equity financing.
Abstract: In this article we model the financing decisions of a firm as a sequential signaling game. We prove that, when insiders have perfect information regarding the firm's future case flows, the application of 'refinements' to the set of admissible equilibria leads to the dominance of debt over equity financing. However, we show that when insiders observe the firm's cash flows imperfectly, there may exist sequential equilibria in which this 'pecking order' breaks down and some firms strictly prefer equity to debt financing. We also prove that, despite the breakdown of the pecking order, the announcement effect of equity financing will be negative relative to debt financing.
210 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a ternary phase diagram for the NaCl - CaCl 2 - H 2 O fluid was constructed for high-salinity, low-temperature regions, and the results were applied to the interpretation of saline fluid inclusions from quartz veins in oceanic metagabbros.
153 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that subjective hunger represents an intermediary step in the cause-effect sequence between gut filling and cessation of meal ingestion, and protein has a unique satiating property beyond its contribution to total food energy.
150 citations
TL;DR: Testosterone levels in female inmates and female college students were found to be significantly higher with unprovoked violence and lowest with defensive violence, where inmates had reacted violently after being physically assaulted.
126 citations
TL;DR: If the designer of a CAL lesson expects the color to affect student performance, it is recommended that the color be used to draw the user's attention to a particular point, as no color effect was found in this study.
Abstract: Purpose. The effectiveness of the computer in learning has been generally acknowledged. However, it has not been determined which characteristics of computer-assisted learning (CAL) are most effective in students' learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of color, graphics, and animation in a CAL tutorial lesson.
Methods and procedures. The 119 subjects were randomly assigned to one of the six groups which resulted from a 2 x 3 (Color x Group (Text, Graphics, and Animation)) design. Each subject participated in a single 20-minute CAL session. After the learning session, each subject completed a demographic questionnaire and a pencil-and-paper performance test which served as one of the dependent measures in this study. The analysis of covariance procedure was used to determine the relative effectiveness of color, still graphics and animated graphics. The covariate was the performance pretest.
Results. On the performance test, which was based on the mathematical rule for average speed, the subjects who reviewed the animated graphics version of the CAL scored higher than any other group. The subjects who reviewed the still graphics version of the CAL scored higher than the subjects who reviewed the CAL without any graphics and animation. The subjects who reviewed the color version of the CAL did not score higher than the subjects who reviewed the black and white version of the CAL.
Conclusions. No color effect was found in this study. Color was not used to emphasize certain content in this particular study. Thus, if the designer of a CAL lesson expects the color to affect student performance, it is recommended that the color be used to draw the user's attention to a particular point.
Finally, in a CAL tutorial, animated graphics are more effective than still graphics while still graphics are more effective than text-only materials. However, these characteristics of CAL lessons should be carefully designed and programmed into the material in order to be effectively used.
125 citations
TL;DR: These prediction models suggest that in 2 of the groups of low-income women, social ties to significant others were the linkages through which child-rearing information flowed to affect parenting behavior.
Abstract: Mother's social support, their instrumental use of extended family members and of professionals for help, and their sense of personal control were examined as predictors of parenting skill in 3 groups of low-income women. Separate regression models were generated for black adult mothers, white adult mothers, and black teen mothers, all of whom had at least 1 infant. Black teen and white adult mothers who sought help with child-rearing problems from extended family members were more skillful parents. Among white mothers, use of professionals for help with child-rearing problems and mothers' sense of internal control were also significant predictors. Black adult mothers' parenting skill was predicted only by locus of control. These prediction models suggest that in 2 of the groups, social ties to significant others were the linkages through which child-rearing information flowed to affect parenting behavior.
107 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that chimpanzees who have received symbol training can perform symbolic cross-modal tasks similar to those that are typically used with human subjects.
Abstract: 2 common chimpanzees and 1 pygmy chimpanzee, all of whom were proficient lexigram symbol users, were tested on symbolic cross-modal tasks Previous cross-modal work with nonhuman primates has been limited to nonsymbolic matching tasks None of these chimpanzees received any advance training on cross-modal tasks prior to the testing reported here The common chimpanzees, Sherman and Austin, were tested on visual to haptic, visual-symbolic to haptic, haptic to visual-symbolic, and olfactory to visual-symbolic matching tasks The pygmy chimpanzee, Kanzi, was tested on auditory-symbolic to pictorial and auditory-symbolic to visual-symbolic matching tasks All subjects were able to match stimuli across the tested dimensions with no training These results indicate that chimpanzees who have received symbol training can perform symbolic cross-modal tasks similar to those that are typically used with human subjects These tasks require not only cross-modal associations but also the transformation of information from symbolic to representational modes
104 citations
TL;DR: Although three of four institutionalized adolescents and young adults with severe retardation who participated in this study learned to use lexigrams to request foods and, subsequently, objects, their request skill did not initially generalize to labeling and to comprehension tasks.
Abstract: For persons with severe retardation, learning to communicate symbolically is a complex long-term process requiring the coordination of many components to succeed. Three of four institutionalized adolescents and young adults with severe retardation who participated in this study learned to use lexigrams to request foods and, subsequently, objects. Although their request skill did not initially generalize to labeling and to comprehension tasks, additional request experience with lexigrams resulted in consistent improvement in performance in both tasks. The emergence of subject-initiated lexigram communications and the facilitation of spoken language comprehension and/or production were also observed.
100 citations
TL;DR: Ten species of fungi representing the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Caldosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, and Penicillium were examined for their relative resistance to gamma irradiation from a 137Cs source.
Abstract: Ten species of fungi representing the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Caldosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, and Penicillium were examined for their relative resistance to gamma irradiation from a 137Cs source. Inactivation doses for dematiaceous fungi in agar medium ranged from 0.6 to greater than 1.7 megarads, whereas those for moniliaceous fungi were less than 0.3 megarad. D10 values (the dose required to reduce the inoculum by 1 log) for Curvularia geniculata (greater than 0.29 megarad) exceeded those for control spores of Bacillus pumilus (0.15 megarad).
TL;DR: A comparative morphological study of the brain and medulla terminalis of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus and the crayfish Procambarus clarkii is presented as a basis for investigations of the functional organization of their olfactory systems.
Abstract: We present a comparative morphological study of the brain and medulla terminalis (fourth eyestalk ganglion) of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus and the crayfish Procambarus clarkii as a basis for investigations of the functional organization of their olfactory systems. Both the brain and medulla terminalis of P. argus display folding with respect to those of P. clarkii, which alters the relative locations of analogous soma clusters, tracts, bundles, and neuropiles. The major olfactory neuropiles of the central nervous system are the olfactory lobes and the accessory lobes in the brain, and the hemiellipsoid bodies and regions IV of the glomeruli centrales in the medullae terminales. All of these paired regions of neuropile have a glomerular organization. The glomeruli of the olfactory lobe are radially arranged, and each glomerulus is divided into distinguishable regions. The glomeruli of the accessory lobe are smaller and more numerous than those of the olfactory lobe, are spherically shaped, and are organized into three groups within each accessory lobe (this tripartite arrangement is much more obvious in P. argus than in P. clarkii). The medulla terminalis contains 13 distinct neuropile regions, including the hemiellipsoid body and region IV of the glomeruli centrales, both of which are interconnected with the olfactory lobes and accessory lobes via the olfactory-globular tract and contain numerous microglomeruli.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted small group interviews with family caregivers to understand their experience of burden in caring for mentally ill relatives and found that families experienced profound burdens as a result of their interactions with the mental health care system, particularly in negotiating crisis situations.
Abstract: Eighty-six family caregivers participated in small group interviews about their experience of burden in caring for mentally ill relatives. Families experienced profound burdens as a result of their interactions with the mental health care system, particularly in negotiating crisis situations; acting as patient advocates and case managers; obtaining adequate community resources, continuity of care, and information; dealing with legal barriers; and communicating with mental health professionals. Recommended methods of reducing family burden and improving the care of the mentally ill who reside in the community are family education, inclusion of the family in treatment decisions, changes in current mental health laws, redirection in professional training, and development of mobile crisis teams.
TL;DR: The spontaneous intake of fluid by humans, under ad lib conditions, occurs in excess of requirements, is principly determined in amount and timing by eating, and water balance is left to regulation by the kidneys.
TL;DR: This article found that the more mothers highlighted shared objects using conventional means, and the greater the variety of words their infants used at 18 months of age, the greater their infants' vocabulary size increased.
Abstract: In this report we ask how mother-infant interaction affects the rate of early language acquisition. Mothers and 15-month-old infants were videotaped playing at home. Coders described (a) infants' attention to people and/or objects, (b) mothers' use of literal and conventional acts to direct infants' attention and (c) functions of mothers' utterances. Taken together, these aspects of mother-infant play predicted 40% of the variance in infants' vocabulary size at 18 months. Significant unique contributions to this prediction were made by mothers' conven tional object-marking and metalingual use of language. The more mothers highlighted both (a) shared objects using conventional means, and (b) the linguistic code, the greater the variety of words their infants used at 18 months of age.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The sensory capabilities of any animal are determined by a sequential set of physical and biological filters that regulate which environmental disturbances will stimulate the receptive surface of the animal.
Abstract: The sensory capabilities of any animal are determined by a sequential set of physical and biological filters that regulate which environmental disturbances will stimulate the receptive surface of the animal. The environment itself is the first filter as it transmits physical or chemical disturbances from one or another source. The animal’s sense organs contain additional physical filters that select—each with its own degree of specificity—which part of the disturbances will have best access to the receptor membrane. Subsequent filtering occurs at the level of receptor cells and at each next level of the CNS. Environmental disturbances that alter the activity of receptor cells are called stimuli: they include disturbances that trigger molecular mechanisms, such as adaptation in the cell without necessarily causing it to fire nerve impulses or other means of information coding. Subsequent interneuronal steps of information processing are all based on neural signals that code certain aspects of the original stimuli.
TL;DR: Two vasopressin type-1 (V1) receptor antagonists were tested for their ability to block flank marking stimulated by the microinjection of arginine vasoppressin (AVP) into the anterior hypothalamus.
TL;DR: Cocos Island is the summit of a seamount on the aseismic Cocos Ridge, a proposed trace of the Galapagos hot spot as discussed by the authors, and the island lies on a portion of the ridge that is middle Miocene in age, but K/Ar and paleomagnetic dates indicate that Cocos is only about 2 my old Cocos thus offers a rare opportunity for an on-land study of seamount volcanism superimposed on an early hot-spot volcano.
Abstract: Cocos Island is the summit of a seamount on the aseismic Cocos Ridge, a proposed trace of the Galapagos hot spot The island lies on a portion of the ridge that is middle Miocene in age, but K/Ar and paleomagnetic dates indicate that Cocos is only about 2 my old Cocos thus offers a rare opportunity for an on-land study of seamount volcanism superimposed on an early hot-spot volcanism Cocos Island was built in three major stages that define three lithostratigraphic units: (1) shield-building, (2) explosive volcanism, and (3) post-explosive volcanism stages All Cocos rocks belong to the typical oceanic island alkali basalt-to-trachyte series and have fairly homogeneous Sr ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr = 070299-070308), Nd ( 143 Nd/ 144 Nd = 0512952-0513001), and Pb ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 19214-19251; 207 Pb/ 204 Pb =15553-15596; 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38899-39036) isotopic ratios The Cocos rock series was generated by fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, ilmenite, and apatite from similar alkali basalt parental magmas Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic ratios indicate that Cocos and Galapagos volcanic rocks may have come from a common, although heterogeneous, mantle reservoir, and this implies that the young Cocos volcano is still a part of the Galapagos hot-spot signal
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the meal patterns of humans are regular, measurable and generalizable and can be analyzed to reveal lawful relationships between intake and the physiological, environmental, and subjective state of the individual.
TL;DR: The results suggest that 6'-OH----O-2 H-bonding is significant in the minimal-energy orientation of M, with phi = -36 degrees and psi = 51 degrees, and that two other glycosidic orientations may be important in the 2-O- or 6- O-substituted derivatives of M.
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to describe a general theoretical framework and outline a set of decisions for conducting classification research in neuropsychology.
Abstract: Classification research is not well understood in neuropsychology. A major purpose of classification research is to establish and investigate inclusion and exclusion criteria for group formation. Therefore, classification represents the foundations of clinical assessment as well as traditional contrasting groups research designs in neuropsychology. Null results in neuropsychological research do not pinpoint the basis for the absence of group differences. The most frequent research focuses on the original theory or the validity of the dependent variables. Classification research focuses on a third potential problem area, which has received little attention: poor subject classifications (invalid independent variables). The purpose of this paper is to describe a general theoretical framework and outline a set of decisions for conducting classification research in neuropsychology.
TL;DR: These spectra are found to be strikingly similar, indicating that the solid-state spectra have a dominant origin in unscreened intra-atomic multiplet splittings, perhaps with correlation-induced satellites.
Abstract: We compare for the first time gas-phase $3s$ and $3p$ spectra from atomic Mn with corresponding spectra from the solid compounds Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ and MnO These spectra are found to be strikingly similar, indicating that the solid-state spectra have a dominant origin in unscreened intra-atomic multiplet splittings, perhaps with correlation-induced satellites Such outer-core hole states are thus not describable in terms of a simple superposition of fully screened and poorly screened spectra as recently proposed
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The relationship between profitability and information technology expenditures was studied in forty insurance companies that are considered system technology leaders as mentioned in this paper, and the results showed that the most profitable firms are more likely to spend a significantly higher proportion of their noninterest operating expense on information technology than the least profitable firms.
Abstract: The relationship between profitability and information technology expenditures is studied in forty insurance companies that are considered systems technology leaders. The results show that the most profitable firms are more likely to spend a significantly higher proportion of their noninterest operating expense on information technology than the least profitable firms. The odds are found to be very high, at least 97%, that the most profitable firms will not rank in the lowest quartile in terms of information technology capital intensity. >
TL;DR: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a corneal ulcer was examined for its ability to adhere to hydrophilic contact lenses with adsorbed organic films; both enhanced and inhibited adherence were observed on lenses obtained from different individuals.
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a corneal ulcer was examined for its ability to adhere to hydrophilic contact lenses with adsorbed organic films. Generally, adherence was enhanced by mucin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, bovine serum albumin, and a mixture of these macromolecules. The water content of the lenses also influenced bacterial adherence and protein adsorption. Adherence to lenses coated with human tear films was more complex; both enhanced and inhibited adherence were observed on lenses obtained from different individuals.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the level of marketing orientation and practice in Dutch industry and examined the relationship between the implementation of the marketing concept and effectiveness, and compared the results with previous studies conducted in the United States and Britain.
Abstract: This article reports the findings of an investigation into marketing management in the Netherlands. It specifically analyses the level of marketing orientation and practice in Dutch industry and also examines the relationship between the implementation of the marketing concept and effectiveness. The results are then compared with previous studies, primarily conducted in the United States and Britain. In line with the research findings in those countries, the present study confirmed findings of previous research on the relationship that exists between the level of strategic marketing planning and company performance, thus giving more credence to the empirical findings in these studies.
TL;DR: The generation of DI particles by Rubella virus appears to play no role in the slow, noncytopathic replication of this virus or in the ability of rubella virus-infected cells to survive for extended periods of time.
TL;DR: Testosterone influences the amount of flank marking produced by AVP within the MPOA-AH, which is found to be reduced by approximately 50% in castrated male hamsters when compared to intact or testosterone-treated castrates.
TL;DR: In the present study, the effectiveness of a 6-hour teacher training workshop on child sexual abuse prevention was evaluated and trained teachers demonstrated significant increases from pre- to post-testing in knowledge about child sex abuse and pro-prevention opinions.
TL;DR: Information about the rapes of 2,526 adult females was coded from the records of a rape crisis center to test the hypothesis that physically resisting a stranger would be more strongly related to injury than would physically resisting someone known to the victim.
Abstract: Information about the rapes of 2,526 adult females was coded from the records of a rape crisis center to test the hypothesis that physically resisting a stranger would be more strongly related to injury than would physically resisting someone known to the victim. Among other differences, attacks by strangers were more likely to involve a weapon and to occur outdoors than were attacks by nonstrangers, and victims were less likely to physically resist strangers than nonstrangers. Across the entire sample, multivariate analyses revealed that physical resistance was significantly related to injury, even when other factors were held constant. Consistent with the hypothesis, physical resistance was more strongly related to injury when the rapist was a stranger than when the rapist was known to the victim. Language: en
TL;DR: Daily monitoring and adjustment of chemical characteristics (regardless of bather load) were essential for controlling densities of P. aeruginosa in whirlpool water.
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from seven commercial and two residential whirlpools that were treated with halogens. None of the commercial whirlpools was constantly maintained at appropriate disinfection levels. Superchlorination or the draining, cleaning, disinfection, and refilling of whirlpools markedly reduced densities of P. aeruginosa in whirlpool water, but the bacterial populations were rapidly reestablished (less than 10(3) cells per ml) when disinfectant concentrations decreased below recommended levels (chlorine, 3.0 ppm [3.0 micrograms/ml]; bromine, 6.0 ppm). P. aeruginosa in the water was replenished from various sources, such as hoses used to fill the whirlpool and the biofilm in the filter and piping of the whirlpool systems. Daily monitoring and adjustment of chemical characteristics (regardless of bather load) were essential for controlling densities of P. aeruginosa.