Showing papers by "Georgia State University published in 2014"
TL;DR: Partial least squares (PLS) is an evolving approach to structural equation modeling (SEM), highlighting its advantages and limitations and providing an overview of recent research on the method across various fields as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Purpose – The authors aim to present partial least squares (PLS) as an evolving approach to structural equation modeling (SEM), highlight its advantages and limitations and provide an overview of recent research on the method across various fields Design/methodology/approach – In this review article, the authors merge literatures from the marketing, management, and management information systems fields to present the state-of-the art of PLS-SEM research Furthermore, the authors meta-analyze recent review studies to shed light on popular reasons for PLS-SEM usage Findings – PLS-SEM has experienced increasing dissemination in a variety of fields in recent years with nonnormal data, small sample sizes and the use of formative indicators being the most prominent reasons for its application Recent methodological research has extended PLS-SEM's methodological toolbox to accommodate more complex model structures or handle data inadequacies such as heterogeneity Research limitations/implications – While rese
5,191 citations
TL;DR: This protocol describes the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis model, focusing on details and factors that could affect DSS‐induced pathology.
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease, are complex and multifactorial diseases with unknown etiology. For the past 20 years, to study human IBD mechanistically, a number of murine models of colitis have been developed. These models are indispensable tools to decipher underlying mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis as well as to evaluate a number of potential therapeutics. Among various chemically induced colitis models, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is widely used because of its simplicity and many similarities with human ulcerative colitis. This model has both advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when employed. This protocol describes the DSS-induced colitis model, focusing on details and factors that could affect DSS-induced pathology.
1,221 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that female board representation is positively related to accounting returns and that this relationship is more positive in countries with stronger shareholder protections, perhaps because shareholders motivate boards to use the different knowledge, experience, and values that each member brings.
Abstract: Despite a large body of literature examining the relationship between women on boards and firm financial performance, the evidence is mixed. To reconcile the conflicting results, we statistically combine the results from 140 studies and examine whether these results vary by firms' legal/regulatory and socio-cultural contexts. We find that female board representation is positively related to accounting returns and that this relationship is more positive in countries with stronger shareholder protections--perhaps because shareholder protections motivate boards to use the different knowledge, experience, and values that each member brings. We also find that, although the relationship between female board representation and market performance is near zero the relationship is positive in countries with greater gender parity (and negative in countries with low gender parity)--perhaps because societal gender differences in human capital may influence investors' evaluations of the future earning potential of firms that have more female directors. Lastly, we find that female board representation is positively related to boards' two primary responsibilities: monitoring and strategy involvement. For both firm financial performance and board activities, we find mean effect sizes comparable to those found in meta-analyses of other aspects of board composition. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings
1,013 citations
TL;DR: Refuting claims of an MMR/autism link successfully reduced misperceptions that vaccines cause autism but nonetheless decreased intent to vaccinate among parents who had the least favorable vaccine attitudes.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the effectiveness of messages designed to reduce vaccine misperceptions and increase vaccination rates for measles-mumps-rubella (MMR). METHODS: A Web-based nationally representative 2-wave survey experiment was conducted with 1759 parents age 18 years and older residing in the United States who have children in their household age 17 years or younger (conducted June–July 2011). Parents were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 interventions: (1) information explaining the lack of evidence that MMR causes autism from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; (2) textual information about the dangers of the diseases prevented by MMR from the Vaccine Information Statement; (3) images of children who have diseases prevented by the MMR vaccine; (4) a dramatic narrative about an infant who almost died of measles from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention fact sheet; or to a control group. RESULTS: None of the interventions increased parental intent to vaccinate a future child. Refuting claims of an MMR/autism link successfully reduced misperceptions that vaccines cause autism but nonetheless decreased intent to vaccinate among parents who had the least favorable vaccine attitudes. In addition, images of sick children increased expressed belief in a vaccine/autism link and a dramatic narrative about an infant in danger increased self-reported belief in serious vaccine side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Current public health communications about vaccines may not be effective. For some parents, they may actually increase misperceptions or reduce vaccination intention. Attempts to increase concerns about communicable diseases or correct false claims about vaccines may be especially likely to be counterproductive. More study of pro-vaccine messaging is needed.
977 citations
The Mind Research Network1, University of Bergen2, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill3, University of California, San Francisco4, Veterans Health Administration5, University of California, Los Angeles6, University of Minnesota7, Yale University8, University of California, Irvine9, Georgia State University10, University of Iowa11, University of New Mexico12
TL;DR: The results support and expand current knowledge regarding dysconnectivity in schizophrenia, and strongly advocate the use of dynamic analyses to better account for and understand functional connectivity differences.
906 citations
TL;DR: The colon mucus in animal models that spontaneously develop colitis and in patients with active UC allows bacteria to penetrate and reach the epithelium, and this suggests a novel model of UC pathophysiology.
Abstract: Objective The inner mucus layer in mouse colon normally separates bacteria from the epithelium. Do humans have a similar inner mucus layer and are defects in this mucus layer a common denominator for spontaneous colitis in mice models and ulcerative colitis (UC)? Methods and results The colon mucus layer from mice deficient in Muc2 mucin, Core 1 O -glycans, Tlr5, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Slc9a3 (Nhe3) together with that from dextran sodium sulfate-treated mice was immunostained for Muc2, and bacterial localisation in the mucus was analysed. All murine colitis models revealed bacteria in contact with the epithelium. Additional analysis of the less inflamed IL-10 −/− mice revealed a thicker mucus layer than wild-type, but the properties were different, as the inner mucus layer could be penetrated both by bacteria in vivo and by fluorescent beads the size of bacteria ex vivo. Clear separation between bacteria or fluorescent beads and the epithelium mediated by the inner mucus layer was also evident in normal human sigmoid colon biopsy samples. In contrast, mucus on colon biopsy specimens from patients with UC with acute inflammation was highly penetrable. Most patients with UC in remission had an impenetrable mucus layer similar to that of controls. Conclusions Normal human sigmoid colon has an inner mucus layer that is impenetrable to bacteria. The colon mucus in animal models that spontaneously develop colitis and in patients with active UC allows bacteria to penetrate and reach the epithelium. Thus colon mucus properties can be modulated, and this suggests a novel model of UC pathophysiology.
724 citations
TL;DR: The ENIGMA Consortium has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected.
Abstract: The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
713 citations
TL;DR: The M-CHAT-R/F detects many cases of ASD in toddlers; physicians using the 2-stage screener can be confident that most screen-positive cases warrant evaluation and referral for early intervention.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study validates the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), a screening tool for low-risk toddlers, and demonstrates improved utility compared with the original M-CHAT. METHODS: Toddlers ( N = 16 071) were screened during 18- and 24-month well-child care visits in metropolitan Atlanta and Connecticut. Parents of toddlers at risk on M-CHAT-R completed follow-up; those who continued to show risk were evaluated. RESULTS: The reliability and validity of the M-CHAT-R/F were demonstrated, and optimal scoring was determined by using receiver operating characteristic curves. Children whose total score was ≥3 initially and ≥2 after follow-up had a 47.5% risk of being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.41–0.54) and a 94.6% risk of any developmental delay or concern (95% CI: 0.92–0.98). Total score was more effective than alternative scores. An algorithm based on 3 risk levels is recommended to maximize clinical utility and to reduce age of diagnosis and onset of early intervention. The M-CHAT-R detects ASD at a higher rate compared with the M-CHAT while also reducing the number of children needing the follow-up. Children in the current study were diagnosed 2 years younger than the national median age of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The M-CHAT-R/F detects many cases of ASD in toddlers; physicians using the 2-stage screener can be confident that most screen-positive cases warrant evaluation and referral for early intervention. Widespread implementation of universal screening can lower the age of ASD diagnosis by 2 years compared with recent surveillance findings, increasing time available for early intervention.
657 citations
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence1, Ames Research Center2, Aarhus University3, University of British Columbia4, Ohio State University5, University of Hawaii at Manoa6, University of Paris7, Max Planck Society8, University of Amsterdam9, Space Science Institute10, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University11, Harvard University12, Vanderbilt University13, Yale University14, University of Sydney15, University of Birmingham16, Massachusetts Institute of Technology17, Space Telescope Science Institute18, Georgia State University19, University of Hawaii20, Spanish National Research Council21
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented revised properties for 196,468 stars observed by the NASA Kepler mission and used in the analysis of Quarter 1-16 (Q1-Q16) data to detect and characterize transiting planets.
Abstract: We present revised properties for 196,468 stars observed by the NASA Kepler mission and used in the analysis of Quarter 1-16 (Q1-Q16) data to detect and characterize transiting planets. The catalog is based on a compilation of literature values for atmospheric properties (temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity) derived from different observational techniques (photometry, spectroscopy, asteroseismology, and exoplanet transits), which were then homogeneously fitted to a grid of Dartmouth stellar isochrones. We use broadband photometry and asteroseismology to characterize 11,532 Kepler targets which were previously unclassified in the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). We report the detection of oscillations in 2762 of these targets, classifying them as giant stars and increasing the number of known oscillating giant stars observed by Kepler by ~20% to a total of ~15,500 stars. Typical uncertainties in derived radii and masses are ~40% and ~20%, respectively, for stars with photometric constraints only, and 5%-15% and ~10% for stars based on spectroscopy and/or asteroseismology, although these uncertainties vary strongly with spectral type and luminosity class. A comparison with the Q1-Q12 catalog shows a systematic decrease in radii of M dwarfs, while radii for K dwarfs decrease or increase depending on the Q1-Q12 provenance (KIC or Yonsei-Yale isochrones). Radii of F-G dwarfs are on average unchanged, with the exception of newly identified giants. The Q1-Q16 star properties catalog is a first step toward an improved characterization of all Kepler targets to support planet-occurrence studies.
597 citations
TL;DR: This article explored partisan motivated reasoning in a survey experiment focusing on support for an energy law and identified two politically relevant factors that condition partisan motivation: (1) an explicit inducement to form an “accurate” opinion, and (2) cross-partisan, but not consensus, bipartisan support for the law.
Abstract: Political parties play a vital role in democracies by linking citizens to their representatives. Nonetheless, a longstanding concern is that partisan identification slants decision-making. Citizens may support (oppose) policies that they would otherwise oppose (support) in the absence of an endorsement from a political party—this is due in large part to what is called partisan motivated reasoning where individuals interpret information through the lens of their party commitment. We explore partisan motivated reasoning in a survey experiment focusing on support for an energy law. We identify two politically relevant factors that condition partisan motivated reasoning: (1) an explicit inducement to form an “accurate” opinion, and (2) cross-partisan, but not consensus, bipartisan support for the law. We further provide evidence of how partisan motivated reasoning works psychologically and affects opinion strength. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for understanding opinion formation and the overall quality of citizens’ opinions.
559 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that the Euclidean detector can effectively detect such a sophisticated injection attack as DoS attack, short-term, and long-term random attacks.
Abstract: By exploiting the communication infrastructure among the sensors, actuators, and control systems, attackers may compromise the security of smart-grid systems, with techniques such as denial-of-service (DoS) attack, random attack, and data-injection attack. In this paper, we present a mathematical model of the system to study these pitfalls and propose a robust security framework for the smart grid. Our framework adopts the Kalman filter to estimate the variables of a wide range of state processes in the model. The estimates from the Kalman filter and the system readings are then fed into the $\chi^{2}$ -detector or the proposed Euclidean detector. The $\chi^{2}$ -detector is a proven effective exploratory method used with the Kalman filter for the measurement of the relationship between dependent variables and a series of predictor variables. The $\chi^{2}$ -detector can detect system faults/attacks, such as DoS attack, short-term, and long-term random attacks. However, the studies show that the $\chi^{2}$ -detector is unable to detect the statistically derived false data-injection attack. To overcome this limitation, we prove that the Euclidean detector can effectively detect such a sophisticated injection attack.
TL;DR: In this article, a constraint-based approach to visualizing high dimensional data was proposed to analyze the effect of parameter choices on data transformations and showed that deep learning methods are able to learn physiologically important representations and detect latent relations in neuroimaging data.
Abstract: Deep learning methods have recently made notable advances in the tasks of classification and representation learning. These tasks are important for brain imaging and neuroscience discovery, making the methods attractive for porting to a neuroimager's toolbox. Success of these methods is, in part, explained by the flexibility of deep learning models. However, this flexibility makes the process of porting to new areas a difficult parameter optimization problem. In this work we demonstrate our results (and feasible parameter ranges) in application of deep learning methods to structural and functional brain imaging data. These methods include deep belief networks and their building block the restricted Boltzmann machine. We also describe a novel constraint-based approach to visualizing high dimensional data. We use it to analyze the effect of parameter choices on data transformations. Our results show that deep learning methods are able to learn physiologically important representations and detect latent relations in neuroimaging data.
Trinity University1, University of California, Davis2, California National Primate Research Center3, Wake Forest University4, Biomedical Primate Research Centre5, Georgia State University6, Yerkes National Primate Research Center7, University of Washington8, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio9, University of Wisconsin-Madison10, Baylor College of Medicine11
TL;DR: Key areas in biomedicine where primate models have been, and continue to be, essential for advancing fundamental knowledge in biomedical and biological research are reviewed.
Abstract: Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the medical and scientific advances of the past century. NHPs are used because of their similarity to humans in physiology, neuroanatomy, reproduction, development, cognition, and social complexity-yet it is these very similarities that make the use of NHPs in biomedical research a considered decision. As primate researchers, we feel an obligation and responsibility to present the facts concerning why primates are used in various areas of biomedical research. Recent decisions in the United States, including the phasing out of chimpanzees in research by the National Institutes of Health and the pending closure of the New England Primate Research Center, illustrate to us the critical importance of conveying why continued research with primates is needed. Here, we review key areas in biomedicine where primate models have been, and continue to be, essential for advancing fundamental knowledge in biomedical and biological research.
TL;DR: An unappreciated role for gut microbiota in promoting immunity to vaccination is revealed, with TLR5-mediated sensing of the microbiota impacting antibody responses to the inactivated polio vaccine, but not to adjuvanted vaccines or the live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine.
TL;DR: It is found that collagen alignment confers an increase in stiffness, but does not increase the speed of migrating cells, and matrix topography, rather than stiffness, is the dominant feature by which an aligned matrix can enhance invasion through 3D collagen matrices.
TL;DR: Analysis of association between ACEs and emotional support indicators and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications in terms of unresolved mourning regarding past loss or trauma and discordant states of mind in cannot classify (U/CC) interviews provides rationale for including ACEs questions in pediatric screening protocols.
TL;DR: The preprocessing operations and the state of the art methods of MRI-based brain tumor segmentation are introduced, the evaluation and validation of the results are discussed, and an objective assessment is presented.
TL;DR: The background supporting the central hypothesis, how it can potentially explain classic and newly emerging epidemiological chronic inflammatory liver disease, and potential therapeutic means to manipulate the microbiota so as to prevent and/or treat liver disease are reviewed.
TL;DR: It is postulate that the basic emotional reactions and calculations underlying the authors' sense of fairness are rooted in their primate background and offer a model that places these reactions in the context of cooperative relationships, including second-order IA.
Abstract: The human sense of fairness is an evolutionary puzzle. To study this, we can look to other species, in which this can be translated empirically into responses to reward distribution. Passive and active protest against receiving less than a partner for the same task is widespread in species that cooperate outside kinship and mating bonds. There is less evidence that nonhuman species seek to equalize outcomes to their own detriment, yet the latter has been documented in our closest relatives, the apes. This reaction probably reflects an attempt to forestall partner dissatisfaction with obtained outcomes and its negative impact on future cooperation. We hypothesize that it is the evolution of this response that allowed the development of a complete sense of fairness in humans, which aims not at equality for its own sake but for the sake of continued cooperation.
TL;DR: In this paper, an all-sky catalog of 2970 nearby (d. 50 pc), bright (J < 9) M- or late K-type dwarf stars, 86% of which have been confirmed by spectroscopy, is presented.
Abstract: We present an all-sky catalog of 2970 nearby (d . 50 pc), bright (J < 9) M- or late Ktype dwarf stars, 86% of which have been confirmed by spectroscopy. This catalog will be useful for searches for Earth-size and possibly Earth-like planets by future spacebased transit missions and ground-based infrared Doppler radial velocity surveys. Stars were selected from the SUPERBLINK proper motion catalog according to absolute magnitudes, spectra, or a combination of reduced proper motions and photometric colors. From our spectra we determined gravity-sensitive indices, and identified and removed 0.2% of these as interloping hotter or evolved stars. Thirteen percent of the stars exhibit Hα emission, an indication of stellar magnetic activity and possible youth. The mean metallicity is [Fe/H] = -0.07 with a standard deviation of 0.22 dex, similar to nearby solar-type stars. We determined stellar effective temperatures by least-squares fitting of spectra to model predictions calibrated by fits to stars with established bolometric temperatures, and estimated radii, luminosities, and masses using empirical relations. Six percent of stars with images from integral field spectra are resolved doubles. We inferred the planet population around M dwarfs using Kepler data and applied this to our catalog to predict detections by future exoplanet surveys.
TL;DR: Transsynaptic viral tract tracers revealed WAT central sympathetic and sensory circuits including SNS-sensory feedback loops that may control lipolysis, and increases or decreases in WAT SNS drive/NE inhibit and stimulate white adipocyte proliferation, respectively.
TL;DR: This study empirically estimates previously unidentified contributions of ecotourism and other ecosystem services to poverty alleviation in the context of a real environmental program and develops an approach to quantifying the mechanisms through which protected areas affect poverty.
Abstract: To develop effective environmental policies, we must understand the mechanisms through which the policies affect social and environmental outcomes. Unfortunately, empirical evidence about these mechanisms is limited, and little guidance for quantifying them exists. We develop an approach to quantifying the mechanisms through which protected areas affect poverty. We focus on three mechanisms: changes in tourism and recreational services; changes in infrastructure in the form of road networks, health clinics, and schools; and changes in regulating and provisioning ecosystem services and foregone production activities that arise from land-use restrictions. The contributions of ecotourism and other ecosystem services to poverty alleviation in the context of a real environmental program have not yet been empirically estimated. Nearly two-thirds of the poverty reduction associated with the establishment of Costa Rican protected areas is causally attributable to opportunities afforded by tourism. Although protected areas reduced deforestation and increased regrowth, these land cover changes neither reduced nor exacerbated poverty, on average. Protected areas did not, on average, affect our measures of infrastructure and thus did not contribute to poverty reduction through this mechanism. We attribute the remaining poverty reduction to unobserved dimensions of our mechanisms or to other mechanisms. Our study empirically estimates previously unidentified contributions of ecotourism and other ecosystem services to poverty alleviation in the context of a real environmental program. We demonstrate that, with existing data and appropriate empirical methods, conservation scientists and policymakers can begin to elucidate the mechanisms through which ecosystem conservation programs affect human welfare.
TL;DR: expression of TLR5 on IECs regulates the composition and localization of the intestinal microbiota, preventing diseases associated with intestinal inflammation and flagellin-induced production of interleukin-22 in mice.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address Ronkko and Evermann's criticisms of the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modeling and conclude that PLS should continue to be used as an important statistical tool for management and organizational research, as well as other social science disciplines.
Abstract: This article addresses Ronkko and Evermann’s criticisms of the partial least squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modeling. We contend that the alleged shortcomings of PLS are not due to problems with the technique, but instead to three problems with Ronkko and Evermann’s study: (a) the adherence to the common factor model, (b) a very limited simulation designs, and (c) overstretched generalizations of their findings. Whereas Ronkko and Evermann claim to be dispelling myths about PLS, they have in reality created new myths that we, in turn, debunk. By examining their claims, our article contributes to reestablishing a constructive discussion of the PLS method and its properties. We show that PLS does offer advantages for exploratory research and that it is a viable estimator for composite factor models. This can pose an interesting alternative if the common factor model does not hold. Therefore, we can conclude that PLS should continue to be used as an important statistical tool for management and organizational research, as well as other social science disciplines.
TL;DR: A novel tiered architecture that can be generally applied to WSN-based healthcare systems is proposed, and the IEEE 802 series standards in the access layer on their capabilities in setting up WSNs for healthcare are analyzed.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have witnessed rapid advancement in medical applications from real-time telemonitoring and computer-assisted rehabilitation to emergency response systems. In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art research from the ubiquity perspective, and discuss the insights as well as vision of future directions in WSN-based healthcare systems. First, we propose a novel tiered architecture that can be generally applied to WSN-based healthcare systems. Then, we analyze the IEEE 802 series standards in the access layer on their capabilities in setting up WSNs for healthcare. We also explore some of the up-to-date work in the application layer, mostly on the smartphone platforms. Furthermore, in order to develop and integrate effective ubiquitous sensing for healthcare (USH), we highlight four important design goals (i.e., proactiveness, transparency, awareness, and trustworthiness) that should be taken into account in future systems.
TL;DR: Differences between black and white MSM in Atlanta are identified at the individual, dyadic/sexual network, and community levels, and disparities in HIV and STI prevalence by race are comparable to those observed nationally.
Abstract: Background
The reasons for black/white disparities in HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men have puzzled researchers for decades. Understanding reasons for these disparities requires looking beyond individual-level behavioral risk to a more comprehensive framework.
TL;DR: The properties of digital technology that increase the speed by which digitization of industrial products can be redesigned are highlighted and the notion of architectural frames and network-of-patterns as frames are proposed to support innovation of digitized products.
Abstract: Inspired by Herbert Simon’s notion of nearly decomposable systems, researchers have examined modularity as a powerful approach to manage technological change in product innovation. We articulate this approach as the hierarchy-of-parts architecture and explain how it emphasizes decomposition of a design into loosely coupled parts and subsequent aggregation of these into an industrial product. To realize the scale benefits of modularity, firms successively freeze design specifications before production and therefore only allow limited windows of functionality design and redesign. This makes it difficult to take advantage of the increased speed by which digitized products can be developed and modified. To address this problem, we draw on Christopher Alexander’s notion of design patterns to introduce a complementary approach to manage technological change that is resilient to digital technology. We articulate this approach as the network-of-patterns architecture and explain how it emphasizes generalization of ideas into patterns and subsequent specialization of patterns for different design purposes. In response to the increased digitization of industrial products, we demonstrate the value of complementing hierarchy-of-parts thinking with network-of-patterns thinking through a case study of infotainment architecture at an automaker. As a result, we contribute to the literature on managing products in the digital age: we highlight the properties of digital technology that increase the speed by which digitized products can be redesigned; we offer the notion of architectural frames and propose hierarchy-of-parts and network-of-patterns as frames to support innovation of digitized products; and, we outline an agenda for future research that reconsiders the work of Simon and Alexander as well as their followers to address key challenges in innovating digitized products.
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17 Jun 2014TL;DR: In this paper, a causal model of destructive parentification consequences -parentified children and their families -and their families' consequences are mapped to the I-D-C model.
Abstract: Part I Understanding: mapping the territory a causal model of destructive parentification consequences - parentified children and their families. Part II Treatment: evaluating childhood parentification - the I-D-C model treating destructively parentified children and their families - systematic and ethical perspectives breaking the deadlock - the case of Jamie parentified children grown up - treating destructive parentification in couples wounded healer - from parentified child to helping professional preventing destructive parentification.
TL;DR: In this paper, the consequences of ethical leadership in public sector organizations were assessed and the results indicated that ethical leadership reduced absenteeism and had a positive influence on organizational commitment and willingness to report ethical problems.
Abstract: Recent ethical scandals involving managers in government organizations have highlighted the need for more research on ethical leadership in public sector organizations. To assess the consequences of ethical leadership, 161 managers in a large state government agency and 415 of their direct reports were surveyed, and personnel records were obtained to measure absenteeism. Results indicate that after controlling for the effects of employee characteristics, perceptions of procedural fairness, and supportive leader behavior, ethical leadership reduced absenteeism and had a positive influence on organizational commitment and willingness to report ethical problems. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are presented.
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TL;DR: An integrated view of mobile health is presented, which identifies several research problems in mobile health, and presents some high-level and preliminary solutions along with an agenda for future research.
Abstract: Mobile health has been receiving a lot of attention from patients, healthcare professionals, application developers, network service providers and researchers. Mobile health is more than just some healthcare applications on a mobile phone and it can involve sensors and wireless networks in monitoring various conditions, mobile devices to access numerous healthcare services, healthcare professionals to make decisions and provide emergency care, and for the elderly to manage their daily activities in independent living. More specifically, m-health can result in major advances in (a) expanding healthcare coverage, (b) improving decision making, (c) managing chronic conditions and (d) providing suitable healthcare in emergencies. To help realize these advances, there are major research challenges that need to be addressed. We classify these challenges in four categories of (a) patients related, (b) healthcare professionals related, (c) IT related and (d) applications related challenges. Within each category, we identify several research problems, and we present some high-level and preliminary solutions along with an agenda for future research. The paper may provide a platform for future research and decision-making related to patients, healthcare professionals, applications, and infrastructure. These decisions will significantly impact how future mobile health services will be designed, developed, evaluated, and adopted globally. We present an integrated view of mobile health.Mobile health can lead to many significant improvements in healthcare.There are many important challenges in mobile health.We classify mobile health challenges in four categories.For each category, the challenges and possible solutions are discussed.