Showing papers by "Georgia State University published in 2016"
Stanford University1, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit2, The Mind Research Network3, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research4, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital5, University of Oxford6, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging7, Dartmouth College8, National Institutes of Health9, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg10, University of California, Irvine11, Shandong University12, University of Warwick13, MIND Institute14, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory15, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute16, University of Washington17, Georgia State University18, California Institute of Technology19
TL;DR: The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is developed, a standard for organizing and describing MRI datasets that uses file formats compatible with existing software, unifies the majority of practices already common in the field, and captures the metadata necessary for most common data processing operations.
Abstract: The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has defined modern neuroimaging. Since its inception, tens of thousands of studies using techniques such as functional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging have allowed for the non-invasive study of the brain. Despite the fact that MRI is routinely used to obtain data for neuroscience research, there has been no widely adopted standard for organizing and describing the data collected in an imaging experiment. This renders sharing and reusing data (within or between labs) difficult if not impossible and unnecessarily complicates the application of automatic pipelines and quality assurance protocols. To solve this problem, we have developed the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS), a standard for organizing and describing MRI datasets. The BIDS standard uses file formats compatible with existing software, unifies the majority of practices already common in the field, and captures the metadata necessary for most common data processing operations.
1,037 citations
University of California, Irvine1, University of Southern California2, Yale University3, Oslo University Hospital4, Karolinska Institutet5, University of Oslo6, University of California, San Diego7, University of Göttingen8, Trinity College, Dublin9, National University of Ireland, Galway10, University of Amsterdam11, VU University Amsterdam12, University of Pennsylvania13, University of California, San Francisco14, San Francisco VA Medical Center15, University of Minnesota16, Harvard University17, Dresden University of Technology18, University of New Mexico19, University of Iowa20, Utrecht University21, University of California, Los Angeles22, University of Cantabria23, Northwestern University24, University of Edinburgh25, Osaka University26, Georgia State University27
TL;DR: Worldwide cooperative analyses of brain imaging data support a profile of subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, which is consistent with that based on traditional meta-analytic approaches, and validates that collaborative data analyses can readily be used across brain phenotypes and disorders.
Abstract: The profile of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia is still not fully understood, despite decades of research using brain scans. To validate a prospective meta-analysis approach to analyzing multicenter neuroimaging data, we analyzed brain MRI scans from 2028 schizophrenia patients and 2540 healthy controls, assessed with standardized methods at 15 centers worldwide. We identified subcortical brain volumes that differentiated patients from controls, and ranked them according to their effect sizes. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia had smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.46), amygdala (d=-0.31), thalamus (d=-0.31), accumbens (d=-0.25) and intracranial volumes (d=-0.12), as well as larger pallidum (d=0.21) and lateral ventricle volumes (d=0.37). Putamen and pallidum volume augmentations were positively associated with duration of illness and hippocampal deficits scaled with the proportion of unmedicated patients. Worldwide cooperative analyses of brain imaging data support a profile of subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, which is consistent with that based on traditional meta-analytic approaches. This first ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group study validates that collaborative data analyses can readily be used across brain phenotypes and disorders and encourages analysis and data sharing efforts to further our understanding of severe mental illness.
919 citations
TL;DR: In 2014, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) appointed a committee to revise the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In 2014, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) appointed a committee to revise the Multicultural Counseling Competencies developed by Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis in 1992 and operationalized by Arredondo et al. in 1996. This article reflects the updated competencies, titled the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC; Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015a), which were endorsed by AMCD on June 29, 2015, and by the American Counseling Association on July 20, 2015. A conceptual framework of the MSJCC visually depicts the relationships among the competencies' key constructs: multicultural and social justice praxis, quadrants, domains, and competencies. Implications are discussed.
En 2014, la Asociacion para la Consejeria y el Desarrollo Multicultural (AMCD, en sus siglas en ingles) formo un comite para revisar las Competencias en Consejeria Multicultural desarrolladas por Sue, Arredondo y McDavis en 1992 y operacionalizadas por Arredondo et al. en 1996. Este articulo refleja las competencias actualizadas, denominadas Competencias en Consejeria Multicultural y de Justicia Social (MSJCC, en sus siglas en ingles; Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015a), que fueron avaladas por la AMCD el 29 de junio de 2015 y por la Asociacion Americana de Consejeria el 20 de julio de 2015. Un marco conceptual de las MSJCC muestra visualmente las relaciones entre los constructos principales de las competencias: la praxis multicultural y en justicia social, los cuadrantes, dominios y competencias. Se discuten las implicaciones.
719 citations
TL;DR: This research paper develops, explicates, and provides evidence for the utility of a Framework for Evaluation in Design Science (FEDS) together with a process to guide design science researchers in developing a strategy for evaluating the artefacts they develop within a DSR project.
Abstract: Evaluation of design artefacts and design theories is a key activity in Design Science Research (DSR), as it provides feedback for further development and (if done correctly) assures the rigour of the research. However, the extant DSR literature provides insufficient guidance on evaluation to enable Design Science Researchers to effectively design and incorporate evaluation activities into a DSR project that can achieve DSR goals and objectives. To address this research gap, this research paper develops, explicates, and provides evidence for the utility of a Framework for Evaluation in Design Science (FEDS) together with a process to guide design science researchers in developing a strategy for evaluating the artefacts they develop within a DSR project. A FEDS strategy considers why, when, how, and what to evaluate. FEDS includes a two-dimensional characterisation of DSR evaluation episodes (particular evaluations), with one dimension being the functional purpose of the evaluation (formative or summative) and the other dimension being the paradigm of the evaluation (artificial or naturalistic). The FEDS evaluation design process is comprised of four steps: (1) explicate the goals of the evaluation, (2) choose the evaluation strategy or strategies, (3) determine the properties to evaluate, and (4) design the individual evaluation episode(s). The paper illustrates the framework with two examples and provides evidence of its utility via a naturalistic, summative evaluation through its use on an actual DSR project.
646 citations
TL;DR: This review article examined the recent crystal structures of ABC proteins to depict the functionally important structural elements, such as domains, conserved motifs, and critical amino acids that are involved in ATP-binding and drug efflux.
473 citations
United States Department of Agriculture1, Washington University in St. Louis2, Hungarian Academy of Sciences3, National Institutes of Health4, Georgia State University5, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases6, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation7, Columbia University8, University of Texas Medical Branch9, Colorado State University10, Yeshiva University11, Huazhong Agricultural University12, University of Queensland13, University of Marburg14, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign15, University of Warwick16, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária17, World Health Organization18, Erasmus University Rotterdam19, New York University20, University of Kentucky21, Public Health England22, Kagoshima University23, Murdoch University24, University of São Paulo25, Public Health Agency of Canada26, Okayama University27, United States Geological Survey28, Northwestern University29, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30, University of Cambridge31, Boston University32, Novosibirsk State University33, University of Medicine and Health Sciences34, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna35, Texas Biomedical Research Institute36, Texas A&M University37, University of St Andrews38, Queen's University Belfast39, University of Freiburg40, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention41, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory42, Hokkaido University43, Kyoto University44, Pasteur Institute45, Wageningen University and Research Centre46, University of Lyon47, National University of Singapore48, Kansas State University49, University of Hong Kong50
TL;DR: The updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales is presented as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Abstract: In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
404 citations
TL;DR: GDNPs 2, nanoparticles derived from edible ginger, represent a novel, natural delivery mechanism for improving IBD prevention and treatment with an added benefit of overcoming limitations such as potential toxicity and limited production scale that are common with synthetic nanoparticles.
394 citations
TL;DR: The issues that existing CACC control modules face when considering close to ideal driving conditions are discussed, including how to keep drivers engaged in driving tasks during CACC operations.
Abstract: Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) systems have the potential to increase traffic throughput by allowing smaller headway between vehicles and moving vehicles safely in a platoon at a harmonized speed. CACC systems have been attracting significant attention from both academia and industry since connectivity between vehicles will become mandatory for new vehicles in the USA in the near future. In this paper, we review three basic and important aspects of CACC systems: communications, driver characteristics, and controls to identify the most challenging issues for their real-world deployment. Different routing protocols that support the data communication requirements between vehicles in the CACC platoon are reviewed. Promising and suitable protocols are identified. Driver characteristics related issues, such as how to keep drivers engaged in driving tasks during CACC operations, are discussed. To achieve mass acceptance, the control design needs to depict real-world traffic variability such as communication effects, driver behavior, and traffic composition. Thus, this paper also discusses the issues that existing CACC control modules face when considering close to ideal driving conditions.
382 citations
TL;DR: This work analyzes simulation data stemming from detailed large-scale agent-based models previously designed and calibrated to study how realistic social networks and disease transmission characteristics shape early epidemic growth patterns, general transmission dynamics, and control of international disease emergencies such as the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic and the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic in West Africa.
355 citations
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of 110 studies with 829 effect sizes found a significant medium correlation of mathematics and WM, r =.35, 95% confidence interval [32,.37] as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the relation between mathematics and working memory (WM) and to identify possible moderators of this relation including domains of WM, types of mathematics skills, and sample type. A meta-analysis of 110 studies with 829 effect sizes found a significant medium correlation of mathematics and WM, r = .35, 95% confidence interval [.32, .37]. Moderation analyses indicated that mathematics showed comparable association with verbal WM, numerical WM, and visuospatial WM. Word-problem solving and whole-number calculations showed the strongest relation with WM whereas geometry showed the weakest relation with WM. The relation between WM and mathematics was stronger among individuals with mathematics difficulties that are associated with other disorders or cognitive deficits compared with that among typically developing individuals and individuals with only mathematics difficulties. The implications of these findings with respect to mathematics instruction and WM training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
304 citations
Book•
10 May 2016TL;DR: This monograph covers the history of IS success measurement as well as recent trends and future expectations forIS success measurement, and identifies the critical success factors that drive information system success and provides measurement and evaluation guidance for practitioners.
Abstract: Information Systems Success Measurement presents a comprehensive review of the foundations, the trends, and the future challenges of IS success measurement in order to improve research and practice in terms of the measurement and evaluation of information systems. Information Systems Success Measurement explores the foundations and trends in the definition and measurement of information systems success. Starting with an introduction that examines how the concept of “effective” or “successful” information systems has progressed as information technology and its use has changed over the past 60 years. The authors introduce the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model as an organizing framework for this monograph. Section 2 identifies five eras of information systems and for each of these eras the authors consider the types of information systems used in firms, the stakeholders impacted by these systems, the relevant research about information systems evaluation, and the measurement of IS success in practice during each of these periods. Section 3 discusses the foundational research on IS success measurement. Based on the evolution of the field’s understanding of IS success, important trends in IS success measurement is highlighted in Section 4. Section 5 examines the future of IS success research. Section 6 reviews empirical findings related to success factors, which influence IS success. Section 7 explores how managers can improve the methods they use to measure and track IS success. Finally, the authors offer concluding remarks in Section 8.
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign1, University of British Columbia2, Center for International Forestry Research3, Autonomous University of Barcelona4, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement5, Georgia State University6, Chalmers University of Technology7, Duke University8
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify reasons for the slow adoption of impact evaluation in nature conservation and provide suggestions for mainstreaming impact evaluation for nature conservation, and provide evidence for the need for empirical evidence.
Abstract: An important part of conservation practice is the empirical evaluation of program and policy impacts. Understanding why conservation programs succeed or fail is essential for designing cost-effective initiatives and for improving the livelihoods of natural resource users. The evidence we seek can be generated with modern impact evaluation designs. Such designs measure causal effects of specific interventions by comparing outcomes with the interventions to outcomes in credible counterfactual scenarios. Good designs also identify the conditions under which the causal effect arises. Despite a critical need for empirical evidence, conservation science has been slow to adopt these impact evaluation designs. We identify reasons for the slow rate of adoption and provide suggestions for mainstreaming impact evaluation in nature conservation.
University of Tokyo1, Iwate Medical University2, Osaka University3, National Institute of Radiological Sciences4, University of Tsukuba5, University of Southern California6, University of California, Irvine7, Kyoto University8, Kyushu University9, Hokkaido University10, University of Toyama11, Yamaguchi University12, Nagoya University13, Kanazawa Medical University14, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan15, Georgia State University16
TL;DR: The findings suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the pallidum in schizophrenia, and replicate the rank order of effect sizes for subcortical volumetric changes in schizophrenia reported by the ENIGMA consortium.
Abstract: Subcortical structures, which include the basal ganglia and parts of the limbic system, have key roles in learning, motor control and emotion, but also contribute to higher-order executive functions. Prior studies have reported volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in schizophrenia. Reported results have sometimes been heterogeneous, and few large-scale investigations have been conducted. Moreover, few large-scale studies have assessed asymmetries of subcortical volumes in schizophrenia. Here, as a work completely independent of a study performed by the ENIGMA consortium, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls. We also explored the laterality of subcortical regions to identify characteristic similarities and differences between them. T1-weighted images from 1680 healthy individuals and 884 patients with schizophrenia, obtained with 15 imaging protocols at 11 sites, were processed with FreeSurfer. Group differences were calculated for each protocol and meta-analyzed. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated smaller bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and accumbens volumes as well as intracranial volume, but larger bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum and lateral ventricle volumes. We replicated the rank order of effect sizes for subcortical volumetric changes in schizophrenia reported by the ENIGMA consortium. Further, we revealed leftward asymmetry for thalamus, lateral ventricle, caudate and putamen volumes, and rightward asymmetry for amygdala and hippocampal volumes in both controls and patients with schizophrenia. Also, we demonstrated a schizophrenia-specific leftward asymmetry for pallidum volume. These findings suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the pallidum in schizophrenia.
TL;DR: A mathematical model is introduced to investigate the impact of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission on the spread and control of ZikV and calibrate the model to ZIKV epidemic data from Brazil, Colombia, and El Salvador.
Abstract: Prevention and Control of Zika as a Mosquito-Borne and Sexually Transmitted Disease: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis
TL;DR: A novel computational method named MBiRW is proposed, which utilizes some comprehensive similarity measures and Bi-Random walk (BiRW) algorithm to identify potential novel indications for a given drug, and outperforms several recent computational drug repositioning approaches.
Abstract: Motivation: Drug repositioning, which aims to identify new indications for existing drugs, offers a promising alternative to reduce the total time and cost of traditional drug development. Many computational strategies for drug repositioning have been proposed, which are based on similarities among drugs and diseases. Current studies typically use either only drug-related properties (e.g. chemical structures) or only disease-related properties (e.g. phenotypes) to calculate drug or disease similarity, respectively, while not taking into account the influence of known drug–disease association information on the similarity measures. Results: In this article, based on the assumption that similar drugs are normally associated with similar diseases and vice versa, we propose a novel computational method named MBiRW, which utilizes some comprehensive similarity measures and Bi-Random walk (BiRW) algorithm to identify potential novel indications for a given drug. By integrating drug or disease features information with known drug–disease associations, the comprehensive similarity measures are firstly developed to calculate similarity for drugs and diseases. Then drug similarity network and disease similarity network are constructed, and they are incorporated into a heterogeneous network with known drug–disease interactions. Based on the drug–disease heterogeneous network, BiRW algorithm is adopted to predict novel potential drug–disease associations. Computational experiment results from various datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach has reliable prediction performance and outperforms several recent computational drug repositioning approaches. Moreover, case studies of five selected drugs further confirm the superior performance of our method to discover potential indications for drugs practically. Availability and Implementation: http://github.com//bioinfomaticsCSU/MBiRW . Contact: jxwang@mail.csu.edu.cn Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TL;DR: Recent advances in nanomedicine and bioimaging offer much needed promise toward fulfilling these stringent requirements as the authors develop a successful catalog of targeted contrast agents for illuminating both tumors and vital tissues in the same surgical space by employing spectrally distinct fluorophores in real time.
Abstract: ConspectusNear-infrared (NIR) fluorescence light has been widely utilized in clinical imaging by providing surgeons highly specific images of target tissue. The “NIR window” from 650 to 900 nm is especially useful due to several special features such as minimal autofluorescence and absorption of biomolecules in tissue, as well as low light scattering. Compared with visible wavelengths, NIR fluorescence light is invisible, thus allowing highly sensitivity real-time image guidance in human surgery without changing the surgical field. The benefit of using NIR fluorescence light as a clinical imaging technology can be attributed to its molecular fluorescence as an exogenous contrast agent. Indeed, whole body preoperative imaging of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) remains important in diagnostic utility, but they lack the efficacy of innocuous and targeted NIR fluorophores to simultaneously facilitate the real-time delineation of diseased tissue while p...
University of California, San Diego1, BC Cancer Research Centre2, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences3, Oregon Health & Science University4, Drexel University5, University of Maryland, Baltimore6, Thermo Fisher Scientific7, Simon Fraser University8, Vrije Universiteit Brussel9, Stanford University10, Research Triangle Park11, National Institutes of Health12, Royal Society of Chemistry13, University of Oxford14, University of Michigan15, University at Buffalo16, Newcastle University17, European Bioinformatics Institute18, University of Pennsylvania19, Southern Methodist University20, University of Manchester21, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology22, J. Craig Venter Institute23, Leibniz Association24, Brunel University London25, Georgia State University26
TL;DR: The state of OBI and several applications that are using it are described, such as adding semantic expressivity to existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources.
Abstract: The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is an ontology that provides terms with precisely defined meanings to describe all aspects of how investigations in the biological and medical domains are conducted. OBI re-uses ontologies that provide a representation of biomedical knowledge from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) project and adds the ability to describe how this knowledge was derived. We here describe the state of OBI and several applications that are using it, such as adding semantic expressivity to existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources. OBI covers all phases of the investigation process, such as planning, execution and reporting. It represents information and material entities that participate in these processes, as well as roles and functions. Prior to OBI, it was not possible to use a single internally consistent resource that could be applied to multiple types of experiments for these applications. OBI has made this possible by creating terms for entities involved in biological and medical investigations and by importing parts of other biomedical ontologies such as GO, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and Phenotype Attribute and Trait Ontology (PATO) without altering their meaning. OBI is being used in a wide range of projects covering genomics, multi-omics, immunology, and catalogs of services. OBI has also spawned other ontologies (Information Artifact Ontology) and methods for importing parts of ontologies (Minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT)). The OBI project is an open cross-disciplinary collaborative effort, encompassing multiple research communities from around the globe. To date, OBI has created 2366 classes and 40 relations along with textual and formal definitions. The OBI Consortium maintains a web resource (http://obi-ontology.org) providing details on the people, policies, and issues being addressed in association with OBI. The current release of OBI is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl.
TL;DR: The combination of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, DABCO⋅(SO2 )2 , and aryl propiolates affords 3-sulfonated coumarins in good to excellent yields.
Abstract: A catalyst-free approach for the generation of sulfonyl radicals from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates in the presence of DABCO⋅(SO2 )2 is realized. The combination of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, DABCO⋅(SO2 )2 , and aryl propiolates affords 3-sulfonated coumarins in good to excellent yields. This tandem reaction process involves radical addition, spirocyclization, and 1,2-migration of esters. Additionally, the in situ diazotization of a number of anilines allows the directional synthesis of desired 3-sulfonated coumarins in a one-pot, two-step process.
TL;DR: The efficacy of gratitude interventions relative to a measurement-only control or an alternative-activity condition across 3 outcomes (i.e., gratitude, anxiety, psychological well-being) is evaluated and suggestions for future applied research on gratitude are made.
Abstract: A recent qualitative review by Wood, Froh, and Geraghty (2010) cast doubt on the efficacy of gratitude interventions, suggesting the need to carefully attend to the quality of comparison groups. Accordingly, in a series of meta-analyses, we evaluate the efficacy of gratitude interventions (ks = 4-18; Ns = 395-1,755) relative to a measurement-only control or an alternative-activity condition across 3 outcomes (i.e., gratitude, anxiety, psychological well-being). Gratitude interventions outperformed a measurement-only control on measures of psychological well-being (d = .31, 95% confidence interval [CI = .04, .58]; k = 5) but not gratitude (d = .20; 95% CI [-.04, .44]; k = 4). Gratitude interventions outperformed an alternative-activity condition on measures of gratitude (d = .46, 95% CI [.27, .64]; k = 15) and psychological well-being (d = .17, 95% CI [.09, .24]; k = 20) but not anxiety (d = .11, 95% CI [-.08, .31]; k = 5). More-detailed subdivision was possible on studies with outcomes assessing psychological well-being. Among these, gratitude interventions outperformed an activity-matched comparison (d = .14; 95% CI [.01, .27]; k = 18). Gratitude interventions performed as well as, but not better than, a psychologically active comparison (d = -.03, 95% CI [-.13, .07]; k = 9). On the basis of these findings, we summarize the current state of the literature and make suggestions for future applied research on gratitude. (PsycINFO Database Record
Ohio State University1, University of California, Irvine2, Georgia State University3, Southwestern University4, Western Kentucky University5, Space Telescope Science Institute6, University of Leicester7, University of St Andrews8, Brigham Young University9, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology10, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute11, San Diego State University12, Tel Aviv University13, Max Planck Society14, University of Arizona15, University of California, Berkeley16, Carnegie Mellon University17, Valparaiso University18, Pennsylvania State University19, University College London20, University of Auckland21, Wayne State University22, Worcester State University23, University of Maryland, College Park24, Goddard Space Flight Center25, California Institute of Technology26, Morehead State University27, York University28, Seoul National University29, University of Copenhagen30, Leiden University31, University of California, Santa Barbara32, Western Michigan University33, Johns Hopkins University34, University of Chile35, University of Southampton36, University of Insubria37, Harvard University38, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas39, University of Haifa40, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul41, University of California, Los Angeles42, University of Amsterdam43, University of Bath44, University of Missouri–Kansas City45
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data obtained with the MODS spectrographs with funding from National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NSF Telescope System Instrumentation (TSIP), with additional funds from the OhioBoard of Regents and the Ohio State University Office of Research.
Abstract: The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions
in the United States, Italy and Germany. LBT Corporation
partners are: The Ohio State University, and The Research
Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame, University
of Minnesota and University of Virginia; The University
of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system;
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft,
Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the
Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University.
This paper used data obtained with the MODS spectrographs
built with funding from National Science Foundation (NSF)
grant AST-9987045 and the NSF Telescope System Instrumentation
Program (TSIP), with additional funds from the Ohio
Board of Regents and the Ohio State University Office of Research.
This paper made use of the modsIDL spectral data
reduction pipeline developed in part with funds provided by
NSF Grant AST - 1108693.
The Liverpool Telescope is operated on the island of La
Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish
Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de
Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK
Science and Technology Facilities Council.
KAIT and its ongoing operation were made possible by donations
from Sun Microsystems, Inc., the Hewlett-Packard
Company, AutoScope Corporation, Lick Observatory, the
NSF, the University of California, the Sylvia and Jim Katzman
Foundation, and the TABASGO Foundation. Research at
Lick Observatory is partially supported by a generous gift from
Google.
Support for HST program number GO-13330 was provided
by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science
Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities
for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract
NAS5-26555. M.M.F., G.D.R., B.M.P., C.J.G., and R.W.P.
are grateful for the support of the NSF through grant AST-
1008882 to The Ohio State University. A.J.B. and L.P. have
been supported by NSF grant AST-1412693. A.V.F. and W.-
K.Z. are grateful for financial assistance from NSF grant AST-
1211916, the TABASGO Foundation, and the Christopher R.
Redlich Fund. M.C. Bentz gratefully acknowledges support
through NSF CAREER grant AST-1253702 to Georgia State
University. M.C. Bottorff acknowledges HHMI for support
through an undergraduate science education grant to Southwestern
University. K.D.D. is supported by an NSF Fellowship
awarded under grant AST-1302093. R.E. gratefully acknowledges
support from NASA under awards NNX13AC26G,
NNX13AC63G, and NNX13AE99G. J.M.G. gratefully acknowledges
support from NASA under award NNH13CH61C.
P.B.H. is supported by NSERC. M.I. acknowledges support
from the Creative Initiative program, No. 2008-0060544, of
the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRFK) funded
by the Korean government (MSIP). M.D.J. acknowledges NSF
grant AST-0618209 used for obtaining the 0.91 m telescope at
WMO. SRON is financially supported by NWO, the Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research. B.C.K. is partially
supported by the UC Center for Galaxy Evolution. C.S.K. acknowledges
the support of NSF grant AST-1009756. D.C.L.
acknowledges support from NSF grants AST-1009571 and
AST-1210311, under which part of this research (photometric
observations collected at MLO) was carried out. We thank
Nhieu Duong, Harish Khandrika, Richard Mellinger, J. Chuck
Horst, Steven Armen, and Eddie Garcia for assistance with the
MLO observations. P.L. acknowledges support from Fondecyt
grant #1120328. A.P. acknowledges support from a NSF graduate
fellowship, a UCSB Dean’s Fellowship, and a NASA Einstein
Fellowship. J.S.S. acknowledges CNPq, National Council
for Scientific and Technological Development (Brazil) for
partial support and The Ohio State University for warm hospitality.
T.T. has been supported by NSF grant AST-1412315.
T.T. and B.C.K. acknowledge support from the Packard Foundation
in the form of a Packard Research Fellowship to T.T.;
also, T.T. thanks the American Academy in Rome and the Observatory
of Monteporzio Catone for kind hospitality. The
Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish National
Research Foundation. M.V. gratefully acknowledges support
from the Danish Council for Independent Research via grant
no. DFF–4002-00275. J.-H.W. acknowledges support by the
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded
by the Korean government (No. 2010-0027910). E.D.B. is
supported by Padua University through grants 60A02-5857/13,
60A02-5833/14, 60A02-4434/15, and CPDA133894. K.H. acknowledges
support from STFC grant ST/M001296/1. S.A.K.
thanks Dr. I. A. Rakhimov, the Director of Svetloe Observatory,
for his support and hospitality.
This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic
Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract
with NASA.
University of Arizona1, University of California, Santa Cruz2, California Institute of Technology3, Ames Research Center4, University of California, Berkeley5, Georgia State University6, University of Tokyo7, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill8, Southern Connecticut State University9, Carnegie Learning10, San Diego State University11, Max Planck Society12, University of Sydney13, University of Hertfordshire14, University of California, Los Angeles15, Stockholm University16, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile17, Millennium Institute18, University of Grenoble19, Centre national de la recherche scientifique20, University of Notre Dame21, Stanford University22, University of Liège23
TL;DR: In this article, the first year of the NASA K2 mission (Campaigns 0-4) was used to discover 197 candidates for Earth-like planets, with the results of an intensive program of photometric analyses, stellar spectroscopy, high-resolution imaging and statistical validation.
Abstract: We present 197 planet candidates discovered using data from the first year of the NASA K2 mission (Campaigns 0-4), along with the results of an intensive program of photometric analyses, stellar spectroscopy, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation. We distill these candidates into sets of 104 validated planets (57 in multi-planet systems), false positives, and 63 remaining candidates. Our validated systems span a range of properties, with median values of RP= 2.3 R⊕, P = 8.6 days, Teff = 5300 K, and Kp = 12.7mag. Stellar spectroscopy provides precise stellar and planetary parameters for most of these systems. We show that K2 has increased by 30% the number of small planets known to orbit moderately bright stars (1-4 R R⊕, Kp = 9-13 mag). Of particular interest are planets smaller than 2 R⊕, orbiting stars brighter than Kp = 11.5 mag, 5 receiving Earth-like irradiation levels, and several multi-planet systems - including 4 planets orbiting the M dwarf K2-72 near mean-motion resonances. By quantifying the likelihood that each candidate is a planet we demonstrate that our candidate sample has an overall false positive rate of 15%-30%, with rates substantially lower for small candidates ( 8 R⊕ and/or with P<3 days. Extrapolation of the current planetary yield suggests that K2 will discover between 500 and 1000 planets in its planned four-year mission, assuming sufficient follow-up resources are available. Efficient observing and analysis, together with an organized and coherent follow-up strategy, are essential for maximizing the efficacy of planet-validation efforts for K2, TESS, and future large-scale surveys.
TL;DR: Cryo-electron microscropy is used to determine near-atomic resolution structures of the human PIC in a closed state, an open state, and an initially transcribing complex, illustrating the sequential conformational changes that accompany the transition from each state to the next throughout the transcription initiation process.
Abstract: In eukaryotic transcription initiation, a large multi-subunit pre-initiation complex (PIC) that assembles at the core promoter is required for the opening of the duplex DNA and identification of the start site for transcription by RNA polymerase II Here we use cryo-electron microscropy (cryo-EM) to determine near-atomic resolution structures of the human PIC in a closed state (engaged with duplex DNA), an open state (engaged with a transcription bubble), and an initially transcribing complex (containing six base pairs of DNA-RNA hybrid) Our studies provide structures for previously uncharacterized components of the PIC, such as TFIIE and TFIIH, and segments of TFIIA, TFIIB and TFIIF Comparison of the different structures reveals the sequential conformational changes that accompany the transition from each state to the next throughout the transcription initiation process This analysis illustrates the key role of TFIIB in transcription bubble stabilization and provides strong structural support for a translocase activity of XPB
TL;DR: In this paper, a Mass-Luminosity Relation (MLR) for red dwarfs spanning a range of masses from 0.62 Msun to the end of the stellar main sequence at 0.08 Msun is presented.
Abstract: We present a Mass-Luminosity Relation (MLR) for red dwarfs spanning a range of masses from 0.62 Msun to the end of the stellar main sequence at 0.08 Msun. The relation is based on 47 stars for which dynamical masses have been determined, primarily using astrometric data from Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS) 3 and 1r, white-light interferometers on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and radial velocity data from McDonald Observatory. For our HST/FGS sample of 15 binaries component mass errors range from 0.4% to 4.0% with a median error of 1.8%. With these and masses from other sources, we construct a V-band MLR for the lower main sequence with 47 stars, and a K-band MLR with 45 stars with fit residuals half of those of the V-band.
We use GJ 831 AB as an analysis example, obtaining an absolute trigonometric parallax, pi_abs = 125.3 +/- 0.3 milliseconds of arc, with orbital elements yielding MA = 0.270 +/- 0.004 Msun and MB = 0.145 +/- 0.002 Msun. The mass precision rivals that derived for eclipsing binaries.
A remaining major task is the interpretation of the intrinsic cosmic scatter in the observed MLR for low mass stars in terms of physical effects. In the meantime, useful mass values can be estimated from the MLR for the ubiquitous red dwarfs that account for 75% of all stars, with applications ranging from the characterization of exoplanet host stars to the contribution of red dwarfs to the mass of the Universe.
Jaroslav Adam1, Dagmar Adamová2, Madan M. Aggarwal3, G. Aglieri Rinella4 +976 more•Institutions (100)
TL;DR: In this article, direct photon spectra down to pT≈1 GeV/c were extracted for the 20−40% and 0−20% centrality classes, respectively.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that attosecond metrology extends the resolution to petahertz frequencies of visible light and Quantitative determination of dissipation within a signal manipulation cycle of only a few femtoseconds duration reveals the feasibility of dielectric optical switching at clock rates above 100 teraherz.
Abstract: Petahertz-bandwidth metrology is demonstrated in the measurement of nonlinear polarization in silica. Recent years have seen an increased interest in light–matter interactions in solid-state systems at ultrafast timescales. Ferenc Krausz and colleagues study the nonlinear polarization of silica in response to intense infrared light fields with a spectroscopy method in the attosecond time range. The method makes it possible to unravel details of the reversible and irreversible energy exchange between infrared light and electrons and points to the feasibility of using light-based switching techniques for signal processing in solid-state devices above 100 terahertz. Electric-field-induced charge separation (polarization) is the most fundamental manifestation of the interaction of light with matter and a phenomenon of great technological relevance. Nonlinear optical polarization1,2 produces coherent radiation in spectral ranges inaccessible by lasers and constitutes the key to ultimate-speed signal manipulation. Terahertz techniques3,4,5,6,7,8 have provided experimental access to this important observable up to frequencies of several terahertz9,10,11,12,13. Here we demonstrate that attosecond metrology14 extends the resolution to petahertz frequencies of visible light. Attosecond polarization spectroscopy allows measurement of the response of the electronic system of silica to strong (more than one volt per angstrom) few-cycle optical (about 750 nanometres) fields. Our proof-of-concept study provides time-resolved insight into the attosecond nonlinear polarization and the light–matter energy transfer dynamics behind the optical Kerr effect and multi-photon absorption. Timing the nonlinear polarization relative to the driving laser electric field with sub-30-attosecond accuracy yields direct quantitative access to both the reversible and irreversible energy exchange between visible–infrared light and electrons. Quantitative determination of dissipation within a signal manipulation cycle of only a few femtoseconds duration (by measurement and ab initio calculation) reveals the feasibility of dielectric optical switching at clock rates above 100 terahertz. The observed sub-femtosecond rise of energy transfer from the field to the material (for a peak electric field strength exceeding 2.5 volts per angstrom) in turn indicates the viability of petahertz-bandwidth metrology with a solid-state device.
TL;DR: It is concluded that M-cell-mediated sampling of commensal bacteria is a required initial step for the efficient induction of intestinal SIgA.
TL;DR: P predictive validation of TAACO is provided and the notion that expert judgments of text coherence and quality are either negatively correlated or not predicted by local and overall text cohesion indices, but are positively predicted by global indices of cohesion is supported.
Abstract: This study introduces the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Cohesion (TAACO), a freely available text analysis tool that is easy to use, works on most operating systems (Windows, Mac, and Linux), is housed on a user’s hard drive (rather than having an Internet interface), allows for the batch processing of text files, and incorporates over 150 classic and recently developed indices related to text cohesion. The study validates TAACO by investigating how its indices related to local, global, and overall text cohesion can predict expert judgments of text coherence and essay quality. The findings of this study provide predictive validation of TAACO and support the notion that expert judgments of text coherence and quality are either negatively correlated or not predicted by local and overall text cohesion indices, but are positively predicted by global indices of cohesion. Combined, these findings provide supporting evidence that coherence for expert raters is a property of global cohesion and not of local cohesion, and that expert ratings of text quality are positively related to global cohesion.
TL;DR: It is optimistic that the big-data revolution will vastly improve the granularity and timeliness of available epidemiological information, with hybrid systems augmenting rather than supplanting traditional surveillance systems, and better prospects for accurate infectious diseases models and forecasts.
Abstract: We devote a special issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases to review the recent advances of big data in strengthening disease surveillance, monitoring medical adverse events, informing transmission models, and tracking patient sentiments and mobility. We consider a broad definition of big data for public health, one encompassing patient information gathered from high-volume electronic health records and participatory surveillance systems, as well as mining of digital traces such as social media, Internet searches, and cell-phone logs. We introduce nine independent contributions to this special issue and highlight several cross-cutting areas that require further research, including representativeness, biases, volatility, and validation, and the need for robust statistical and hypotheses-driven analyses. Overall, we are optimistic that the big-data revolution will vastly improve the granularity and timeliness of available epidemiological information, with hybrid systems augmenting rather than supplanting traditional surveillance systems, and better prospects for accurate infectious diseases models and forecasts.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that SIRT1 reduction links vascular senescence and inflammation to AAAs and that Sirt1 in vascular smooth muscle cells provides a therapeutic target for the prevention of AAA formation.
Abstract: Rationale:Uncontrolled growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is a life-threatening vascular disease without an effective pharmaceutical treatment. AAA incidence dramatically increases with ad...
TL;DR: In this review, recent significant developments pertaining to plant derived edible nanoparticles are discussed and insight is provided into the use of plants as a bio-renewable, sustainable, diversified platform for the production of therapeutic nanoparticles.
Abstract: In plant cells, nanoparticles containing miRNA, bioactive lipids and proteins serve as extracellular messengers to mediate cell-cell communication in a manner similar to the exosomes secreted by mammalian cells. Notably, such nanoparticles are edible. Moreover, given the proper origin and cargo, plant derived edible nanoparticles could function in interspecies communication and may serve as natural therapeutics against a variety of diseases. In addition, nanoparticles made of plant-derived lipids may be used to efficiently deliver specific drugs. Plant derived edible nanoparticles could be more easily scaled up for mass production, compared to synthetic nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss recent significant developments pertaining to plant derived edible nanoparticles and provide insight into the use of plants as a bio-renewable, sustainable, diversified platform for the production of therapeutic nanoparticles.