Showing papers by "Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology published in 2010"
TL;DR: The results reveal that the method is explicit, effective, and easy to use in solving time dependent partial differential equations with boundary conditions.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an indirect measurement of the {sup 17}O(p,{alpha}){sup 14}N reaction bare-nucleus cross section in the low-energy region is reported.
Abstract: The {sup 17}O(p,{alpha}){sup 14}N reaction is of fundamental relevance in several astrophysical scenarios, such as novae, asymptotic giant branch nucleosynthesis, and {gamma}-ray astronomy. We report on the indirect measurement of the {sup 17}O(p,{alpha}){sup 14}N reaction bare-nucleus cross section in the low-energy region. In particular, the two resonances at E{sub R}{sup c.m.}=65 keV and E{sub R}{sup c.m.}=183 keV, which dominate the reaction rate inside the Gamow window, have been observed, and the strength of the 65 keV resonance has been deduced. The reaction rate determination and the comparison with the results of the previous measurements are also discussed.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical scheme based on quartic B-spline collocation method is designed for the numerical solution of modified regularized long wave (MRLW) equation.
40 citations
01 Nov 2010-Microsystem Technologies-micro-and Nanosystems-information Storage and Processing Systems
TL;DR: In this article, a detail modeling, finite element analysis and testing results of MEMS-based electrostatically actuated micro gripper are presented, where interdigitated lateral comb pairs have been used to actuate the microgripper.
Abstract: This paper presents a detail modeling, finite element analysis and testing results of MEMS based electrostatically actuated microgripper. Interdigitated lateral comb pairs have been used to actuate the microgripper. The microgripper is optimized using standard SOI-MUMPs technology in L-Edit of MEMS-Pro with dual jaws actuation at low voltages. Coupled electromechanical finite element analysis performed in COVENTOR-WARE shows total displacement of 15.5 μm at jaws tip at 50 V, which is quite comparable to experimental result of 17 μm displacement at the tip of gripper jaw for the same voltage. Micromanipulation experiments have successfully demonstrated the gripping, holding micro-objects between 53 and 70 μm in size. The simulated model is used to study detail profile of Von Mises stresses and deformations in the model. It is noted that maximum stress in microgripper is 200 MPa which is much smaller than yield stress of 7 GPa. The slight difference between finite element analysis and experimental results is because of small variations in process material parameters. The total size of gripper is 5.03 × 6.5 mm2.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a thin film of vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) is deposited on thoroughly cleaned glass substrates with pre-patterned Ag electrodes.
Abstract: This study presents the fabrication and characterization of novel surface-type capacitive humidity sensors using vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) as the active material. The devices, which comprise three different thicknesses, have been fabricated using the thermal evaporation technique. A thin film of VOPc is deposited on thoroughly cleaned glass substrates with pre-patterned Ag electrodes. The capacitive effect of the samples under humidity has been investigated. Comparison of the samples with different thicknesses shows that the thinnest device seems more sensitive towards humidity. The humidity dependent capacitance properties of the sensor make it beneficial for use in commercial hygrometers.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a thin film of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was deposited by the thermal vacuum deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) used as a substrate.
Abstract: This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of an ITO/NiPc/PEDOT?:?PSS junction diode. A thin film of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was deposited by the thermal vacuum deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) used as a substrate. The current?voltage characteristics of the diode were measured at room temperature under dark condition and showed rectifying behaviour. The values of several electrical parameters such as ideality factor, barrier height, conductivity, and series and shunt resistances were calculated.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of humidity on the electrical properties of the nanocomposite thin films was investigated by measurement of the capacitance and dissipation of the samples at two different frequencies of the applied voltage: 120 Hz and 1 kHz.
Abstract: In this study, the blend of orange dye (OD), C17H17N5O2 (5 wt%), vinyl-ethynyl-trimethyl-piperidole (VETP), C12H19NO, (5 wt%) and carbon nanotube (CNT) powder (10 wt%) in a mixture of distilled water (80 wt%) and spirit were drop-casted on glass substrates with pre-deposited surface-type silver electrodes to fabricate CNT–OD–VETP nanocomposite thin films. In the process of thin films deposition, 2 V DC was applied to Ag electrodes. The thicknesses of the CNT–OD–VETP films were in the range of 10–15 μm. The I–V characteristics of the surface-type Ag/CNT–OD–VETP/Ag samples showed rectification behavior. The effect of humidity on the electrical properties of the nanocomposite films was investigated by measurement of the capacitance and dissipation of the samples at two different frequencies of the applied voltage: 120 Hz and 1 kHz. The resistance of the samples was determined from values of dissipation. It was observed that at 120 Hz and 1 kHz, under humidity of up to 90% RH, the capacitance of the cell increased by 7.4×103 and 740 times and resistance decreased by 2.3×104 and 3.8×104 times, accordingly, with respect to 40% RH conditions. The average response and recovery times of the films were obtained by capacitance-time measurements to evaluate the dynamics of the water vapor absorption and desorption processes. The experimental results have been supported by the simulation of the capacitance–humidity relationship. It is assumed that the humidity response of the cell is associated with diffusion of water vapors and doping of the semiconductor nanocomposite by water molecules.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the I-V curve was used to calculate the ideality factor and barrier height of a nano-scale depletion region in NiPc that is observed experimentally.
Abstract: The blend of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) (2 wt. %) poly-N-epoxypropylcarbazole (PEPC), (1 wt. %) and carbon nano-tube (CNT) powder (2 wt. %) in benzole is deposited by drop-casting on glass substrates with pre-deposited metallic electrodes to fabricate Ag/CNT/NiPc/PEPC/A1 surface type cell. It is assumed that the high nonlinearity of the I — V characteristics is related to deep traps in the nano-scale depletion region in NiPc that is observed experimentally. The values of ideality factor and barrier height are determined from the I — V curve and they are found to be 8.4 and 1.05eV, respectively. The values of mobility and conductivity are calculated to be 7.94 × 10−8 cm/Vs and 3.5 × 10−6 Ω−1 cm−1. The values of ideality factor and series resistance are also calculated by using Cheung's functions, which are in good agreement with the values calculated from the I — V curve.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of a gasketed joint is carried out using gasket as a solid plate Bolt scatter, bolt bending and bolt relaxation are concluded as the main factors affecting the joint's performance.
Abstract: Gasketed bolted flange pipe joints are always prone to leakage during operating conditions Therefore, performance of a gasketed flange joint is very much dependent on the proper joint assembly with proper gasket, proper gasket seating stress and proper pre-loading in the bolts of a joint For a gasketed flange joint, the two main concerns are the joint strength and the sealing capability To investigate these, a detailed three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of a gasketed joint is carried out using gasket as a solid plate Bolt scatter, bolt bending and bolt relaxation are concluded as the main factors affecting the joint’s performance In addition, the importance of proper bolt tightening sequence, number of passes influence of elastic and elasto-plastic material modelling on joint performance are also presented A dynamic mode in a gasketed joint is concluded, which is the main reason for its failure
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the experimental results for the humidity dependent properties of an organic field effect transistor, which was fabricated on thoroughly cleaned glass substrate, in which the junction between the metal gate and the organic channel played the role of gate dielectric.
Abstract: This paper reports the experimental results for the humidity dependent properties of an organic field effect transistor. The organic field effect transistor was fabricated on thoroughly cleaned glass substrate, in which the junction between the metal gate and the organic channel plays the role of gate dielectric. Thin films of organic semiconductor copper phthalocynanine (CuPc) and semitransparent Al were deposited in sequence by vacuum thermal evaporation on the glass substrate with preliminarily deposited Ag source and drain electrodes. The output and transfer characteristics of the fabricated device were performed. The effect of humidity on the drain current, drain current-drain voltage relationship, and threshold voltage was investigated. It was observed that humidity has a strong effect on the characteristics of the organic field effect transistor.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two dimensional Gregorian system coated with chiral medium is analyzed at high frequency and the effects of thickness of chiral layer, chirality parameter of the chiral Medium and permittivity of the medium are analyzed.
Abstract: Focal region field of a two dimensional Gregorian system coated with chiral medium is analyzed at high frequency. Maslov's method is used because the Geometrical Optics approximation fails at focal points. Maslov’s method combines the simplicity of ray theory and the generality of Fourier transform. Fields patterns are calculated numerically and the results are plotted. The effects of thickness of chiral layer, chirality parameter of the chiral medium and permittivity of the medium are analyzed. The problem of simple dielectric layer is discussed as a special case of this problem.
TL;DR: In this article, the pn-QRPA theory has been used for the microscopic calculation of weak interaction mediated rates on key isotopes of iron in the stellar environment and the results showed that the stellar β-decay rates of 54,55,56Fe are around 3-5 orders of magnitude smaller than previously assumed and hence irrelevant for the determination of the evolution of Ye during the presupernova phase of massive stars.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured capacitance and conductance of the Au/n-Si/CuPc/Au interfaces of an n-silicon substrate and used the conductance technique to measure the density of interface states.
Abstract: Electrical characteristics of the heterojunction fabricated by thermal deposition of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on an n-silicon substrate have been investigated. The frequency has significant effect on capacitance (C), conductance (G) and series resistance (Rs) interface states (Dit) of the junction. Measured capacitance and conductance were corrected for Rs. The conductance technique was used to measure the density of the interface states. This method revealed the value of the interface state density distribution for the Au/n-Si/CuPc/Au interfaces of the order of 10 cm−2 eV−1.
TL;DR: In this article, a hetero-junction of n-silicon (n-Si) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) has been fabricated and the currentvoltage characteristics were investigated to explain the rectification and conduction mechanism.
Abstract: A hetero-junction of n-silicon (n-Si) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) has been fabricated. The current-voltage characteristics were investigated to explain the rectification and conduction mechanism. The effect of temperature and humidity on the electrical properties of n-Si/CuPc hetero-junction has also been investigated. The characteristics of the junction have been observed to be temperature and humidity dependent, so it is suggested that this junction can be used as a temperature and humidity sensor.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pressure on the properties of the fabricated field effect transistor (FET) with metal (aluminum) and semiconductor (copper phthalocyanine) Schottky junction was investigated.
Abstract: Thin films of organic semiconductor copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and Al were deposited in sequence by vacuum evaporation on a glass substrate with Ag source and drain electrodes. The effect of pressure on the properties of the fabricated field effect transistor (FET) with metal (aluminum) – semiconductor (copper phthalocyanine) Schottky junction was investigated. It was observed that the drain–source resistance of this organic field effect transistor (OFET) decreased with pressure.
TL;DR: A Galerkin's finite element approach based on weighted-residual formulation is presented to find approximate solutions to obstacle, unilateral and contact second-order boundary-value problems using linear Langrange polynomials.
Abstract: A Galerkin's finite element approach based on weighted-residual formulation is presented to find approximate solutions to obstacle, unilateral and contact second-order boundary-value problems. The approach utilizes a piece-wise linear approximations utilizing linear Langrange polynomials. Numerical studies have shown the superior accuracy and lesser computational cost of this scheme in comparison to collocation, finite-difference and spline methods.
01 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a numerical simulation for examining temperature fields, residual stresses, and distortions in multi-pass welding of a pipe-flange joint using a sequentially coupled transient non-linear thermo-mechanical three-dimensional finite-element model.
Abstract: This paper presents a numerical simulation for examining temperature fields, residual stresses, and distortions in multi-pass welding of a pipe-flange joint. A sequentially coupled transient non-linear thermo-mechanical three-dimensional finite-element model is developed to simulate four-pass tungsten inert gas welding process. An ANSI class 300{#} flange is welded with a 6 mm thick, 200 mm long, and 100 mm nominal diameter pipe, using a single V-groove butt joint with a 1.2 mm root opening. Goldak's double ellipsoidal model is used for the weld heat source, and inactive element addition technique is used for the addition of weld filler elements. Axial and hoop residual stresses and out-of-plane distortions along the flange face are plotted. In addition, welding start and end effects are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the Ag/Cu2O?PEPC (poly-N-epoxypropylcarbazole)/Al displacement transducer was designed and fabricated by dropcasting the blend Cu2O/PEPC microcomposite thin films consisting of copper oxide (cu2O) micropowder and PEPC (2 wt%) in benzol on glass substrates with pre-deposited silver electrodes of thickness 100?nm.
Abstract: In this paper, the Ag/Cu2O?PEPC (poly-N-epoxypropylcarbazole)/Al displacement transducer was designed and fabricated by drop-casting the blend Cu2O?PEPC microcomposite thin films consisting of copper oxide (Cu2O) micropowder (3 wt%) and PEPC (2 wt%) in benzol on glass substrates with pre-deposited silver electrodes of thickness 100?nm. The thicknesses of the Cu2O?PEPC films were in the range of 50?60??m. The dc resistance of the transducer decreased 1.56 times as the displacement was changed over the range 0?0.6?mm, and accordingly, the ac capacitance at 120?Hz increased 2.31 times as the displacement was changed over the range 0?1.3?mm. The resistance?displacement and capacitance?displacement relationships were simulated. With respect to initial values, the maximum deviations of simulated resistance?displacement and capacitance?displacement graphs from experimental curves were in the range of 3 and 5%, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical study was performed to predict the flow patterns and characteristics in Tarbela dam, which showed uneven discharge through each gate due to maximum velocity near exits and overall stagnant phenomena of water within the reservoir.
Abstract: Tarbela dam is one of the largest earth filled dam in the world used for power generation and irrigation purposes. Like all reservoirs the sediments inflow in the Tarbela reservoir has resulted in reduction in water storage capacity and is also causing damage to the tunnels, power generating units and ultimately to the plant equipment. This numerical study was performed to predict the flow patterns and characteristics in Tarbela dam. Tunnel 3 and 4 inlets; originally on the bed level were raised in the 3-D model and meshed. Analysis was performed using multiphase flow (water and air) for maximum inflow in the reservoir, i.e., considering summer season and discharging water through different locations, i.e., tunnels and spillways. Pressure, velocities, flow rate and free surface height results obtained were found in good agreement with the analytical and existing results where available. Results show uneven discharge through each gate due to maximum velocity near exits and overall stagnant phenomena of water within the reservoir. Maximum velocity was observed along the spillways outlet. Strong vortex motion was observed near the spillways outlet and tunnel inlets. New design of Tunnel 3 and 4 were suggested to WAPDA in order to decrease the sediment inflow and improvements in design of the spillways were suggested.
07 May 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a PEDOT:PSS-PVA/n-Si device has been fabricated by depositing the composite of conducting polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) on n-Si substrate.
Abstract: Using spin coating, a PEDOT:PSS-PVA/n-Si device has been fabricated by depositing the composite of conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS and poly(vinyl alcohol) on n-Si substrate. The current-voltage measurements of the device have been evaluated at room temperature in dark. The PEDOT:PSSPVA/ n-Si structure demonstrated the rectifying behavior. The various electronic parameters such as rectification ratio, turn on voltage, ideality factor, reverse saturation current, barrier height, series and shunt resistances were extracted from the IV characteristics of this diode. The values of ideality factor and series resistance were also verified by using Cheung functions. In addition, the conduction mechanism in the device was also investigated by I-V curves.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the damage to the tunnel 2 of the Tarbela Dam with and without considering the affect of sediment particles for one way and two way/full coupling during summer, winter and average seasons, using turbulent flows of water.
Abstract: Tarbela dam is one of the largest earth filled dam in the world. The sediments inflow in the Tarbela reservoir has resulted in reduction in water storage capacity. In addition damage to the tunnels, power generating units and ultimately to the plant equipment by the sediments particles carried by water is observed. To the authors knowledge, to-date no comprehensive simulation studies are performed for this dam reservoir and tunnels, especially at present when sediment delta and presence of sediment particles in the tunnels is observed to a reasonable extent. The aim of this study is to investigate the damage to the Tunnel 2 of the Tarbela Dam with and without considering the affect of sediment particles for one way and two way/full coupling during summer, winter and average seasons, using turbulent flows of water. Numerically calculated erosion results are compared with the experimental erosion results. Pressure, velocity and erosion rate density results are discussed in detail.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the gasketed bolted flanged pipe joints are analyzed during bolt up and internal pressure loading and three pressure classes 150#, 900# and 2500# were employed for comparison.
Abstract: Gasketed bolted flanged pipe joints are widely used in industrial applications and are prone to failure in terms of sealing and strength. In this paper, flange bending stress, flange rotation, bolt bending, stress variation at gasket and centring ring of the gasketed flange joints are analysed during bolt up and internal pressure loading. Three pressure classes 150# (12-600 mm (0.5-24 in.)), 900# (12-600 mm (0.5-24 in.)) and 2500# (12-300 mm (0.5-12 in.)) were employed for comparison of results. For better joint strength and sealing, the bolts were prestressed to 50% of their yield strength during bolt-up and 20% surface yielding is allowed at the hub-flange fillet. In addition, raised face on the flange faces are machined to control flange rotation and bolt bending and achieve required gasket seating stress.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, an extensive numerical study of a gasketed flange joint is carried out, where the actual joint load capacity is determined under both the design and proof test pressure with maximum additional external axial loading that can be applied for safe joint performance.
Abstract: Performance of a bolted flange joint is characterized mainly due to its ‘strength’ and ‘sealing capability’. A number of numerical and experimental studies have been conducted to study these characteristics mostly under internal pressure loading. A very limited work is found in literature under combined internal pressure and axial loading. Due to the ignorance of this external (i.e. axial) loading, the optimized performance of the bolted flange joint cannot be achieved. The present design codes do not address the effects of axial loading on the structural integrity and sealing ability. To investigate, joint strength and sealing capability under combined loading, extensive numerical study of a gasketed flange joint is carried out. Actual joint load capacity is determined under both the design and proof test pressure with maximum additional external axial loading that can be applied for safe joint performance. Numerical results are compared with the available experimental results and overall joint performance and behavior is discussed in detail.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Abstract: In this study, Ag/OD-MO/Ag surface-type diode was fabricated by drop-casting orange dye and methyl orange blend thin film from 1.0 wt.% aqueous solution, under the effect of an electric field, on a glass substrate with preliminary deposited silver electrodes. Geometrical length and width of the semiconducting channel between metallic electrodes were equal to 40 μm and 21 mm, respectively. The dark I-V characteristics exhibited strong rectification behaviour though both electrodes were from the same metal. The average value of rectification ratio (RR) was 27 and it was found that RR varies with applied voltage in the range of 1–40. The dark I-V characteristics were simulated by modified Shockley equation and space-charge limited currents (SCLC) approach. Different diode parameters were calculated from current-voltage characteristics. The diode showed non-ideal I-V behaviour with a quality factor greater than unity. Energy band diagram is proposed for the Ag/OD-MO/Ag surface-type diode.
TL;DR: In this article, the fabrication of organic semiconductor (OS) rectifiers and an investigation of rectifying antenna (rectenna) under the effect of microwave power was presented. But the rectifier was fabricated by thermal deposition of Ag, Au and NiPc thin films on a thoroughly cleaned glass substrate, and the measured I-V characteristics of the cell showed rectifying behavior.
Abstract: This paper presents the fabrication of organic semiconductor (OS) rectifiers and an investigation of rectifying antenna (rectenna) under the effect of microwave power. As a source of microwaves, a patch antenna fed by a generator was used. The rectenna contains a built-in rectifier. The surface-type Ag/NiPc/Au cell, with organic semiconductor nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) as the active material, was used as a rectenna. The rectifier was fabricated by thermal deposition of Ag, Au and NiPc thin films on thoroughly cleaned glass substrate. The measured I‐V characteristics of the cell showed rectifying behavior. The rectenna was tested at frequency ranges of 8‐16GHz at different intensities of radiation and vertical and horizontal positions of the rectenna’s axes. Under the effect of microwave power at the output of the rectenna, the output dc voltage and current were detected.
15 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present statistics of path loss for 60 GHz millimeter wave propagation channel simulations that are performed in the presence of humans in different indoor environments, where the human bodies are considered as randomly distributed cylinders in a room.
Abstract: This paper presents statistics of path loss for 60 GHz millimeter wave propagation channel simulations that are performed in the presence of humans in different indoor environments. A deterministic propagation model is used as an experimental tool to investigate the narrowband characteristics of the channel. The indoor radio propagation channel is modeled by using ray tracing and humans are modeled as perfectly conducting cylinders. The human bodies are considered as randomly distributed cylinders in a room. By varying both the number of persons and room size their effect on the received signal strength i.e. its fading distribution has been studied statistically. For a fixed room size as the number of persons increase, the variance of path loss increases due to more variations in the received signal. The variance decreases as the room size increases for a fixed number of persons. It was found that change in the dimensions of the rooms for a given area caused the statistics of path loss to change.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, affine vector fields of Bianchi type IV space-times are investigated using holonomy and decomposability, the rank of the 6 6× Riemann matrix and direct integration technique.
Abstract: Affine vector fields of Bianchi type IV space-times are investigated using holonomy and decomposability, the rank of the 6 6× Riemann matrix and direct integration technique. From the above study it follows that the Bianchi type IV space-times possesses only one case when it admits proper affine vector fields.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Trojan horse method to deduce the 18O(p,α)15N reaction rate by using the measured strength instead of spectroscopic measurements.
Abstract: The 18O(p,α)15N reaction rate has been deduced by means of the Trojan horse method. For the first time the contribution of the 20 keV resonance has been directly evaluated, giving a value about 35% larger than the one in the literature. Moreover, the present approach has allowed to improve the accuracy by a factor 8.5, as it is based on the measured strength instead of spectroscopic measurements. The contribution of the 90 keV resonance has been also determined, which turned out to be of negligible importance to astrophysics.
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of an impedance hygrometer fabricated using cellulose and copper phthalocyanine (Ag/cellulose/CuPc/Ag).
Abstract: An investigation has been made on the properties of an impedance hygrometer fabricated using cellulose and copper phthalocyanine (Ag/cellulose/CuPc/Ag). A 5wt% suspension of cellulose was prepared in water while the CuPc was dissolved in methanol. Cellulose film was deposited on glass substrates with preliminary deposited metallic electrodes followed by deposition of CuPc film. The resistances and capacitances of the samples were evaluated under the effect of humidity. The impedance was calculated from resistance and capacitance measurements. It was also measured during the experiment. It was observed that the capacitance of the sensor increases and resistance and impedance decrease with an increase in the relative humidity level. It was found that the impedance–humidity relationship showed more uniform changes in the interval of 31%–98% RH than the resistance– and capacitance–humidity relationships that showed visible changes in the humidity intervals of 31%–80% RH and 80%–98% RH respectively. The humidity-dependent impedance of the sample makes it attractive for use in impedance hygrometers. The impedance hygrometer may be used in instruments for the environmental monitoring of humidity.
Journal Article•
28 Apr 2010-World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering
TL;DR: In this paper, a Fabless Prototyping Methodology for the design and analysis of MEMS devi ces is introduced for the simulation of the actuator part of an electrostatically actuated micro gripper.
Abstract: In this paper, Fabless Prototyping Methodology is introduced for the design and analysis of MEMS devi ces. Conventionally Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed before system level simulation. In our proposed methodology, system level simulation is performed earlier than FEA as it is c omputationally less extensive and low cost. System level simulations ar e based on equivalent behavioral models of MEMS device. Electrostatic actuation based MEMS Microgripper is chosen as case study to implement this methodology. This paper addresses th e behavioral model development and simulation of actuator part of an electrostatically actuated Microgripper. Simulation results show that the actuator part of Microgripper works efficiently for a voltage range of 0-45V with the corresponding jaw displacement of 0-4.5425µm. With some minor changes in design, this range can b e enhanced to 15µm at 85V. level while at system level, constituent components of the MEMS are integrated to study the dynamic behavior of the complete system under the given operating conditions (1)-(2). Process level is rigorously related to fabrication process simulation. The 3D model of a MEMS device can be generated by using a process definition, an associa ted material properties database and a designer created 2D layou t. Process level is necessary to proceed ahead to physical lev el simulation. ANSYS, COMSOL, CoventorWare Analyzer based on Finite Element Methods (FEM) are usually used at physical level to find the 3D solution. These simul ations take very long time to execute even in days and weeks. T his elongates the design cycle time and increases compu tational cost. Reduce Order Modeling (ROM) can be used to overcome above mentioned problems (3)-(4) but optimization at device