Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

About: Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology is a education organization based out in Topi, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Quantum efficiency & Diode. The organization has 618 authors who have published 940 publications receiving 10674 citations.

Overlap Frequency Domain Equalization for Wavelet OFDM

Abstract: Wavelet-OFDM is a promising alternative to the well established Fourier Transform based OFDM (DFT-OFDM). The Wavelet OFDM does not utilize Cyclic Prefix, due to which its symbols are no longer cicularly convolved, thereby producing Inter Block Interference, after transmission through the channel. In this paper Overlap Frequency Domain Equalizer has been used to minimize BER, due to residual Inter Block Interference for Wavelet-OFDM. Moreover, BER performance has been compared between Wavelet OFDM with Overlap-FDE, DFT-OFDM without Gaurd Interval and Overlap FDE, Conventional OFDM with Gaurd Interval and simple FDE.

Identification of factors influencing the rise of cesarean sections rates in Pakistan, using MCDM

Abstract: Purpose The rate of cesarean sections has been rapidly increased in the last few decades in all the developing as well as developed countries. The rate of cesarean sections determined by the World Health Organization has been crossed by many countries, like Brazil, India, China, USA, Australia, etc. Similarly, this rate has also increased in Pakistan. The purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the factors that are responsible for the rising rate of cesarean sections in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach These factors are categorized under medical and non-medical factors. The medical factors include the obesity of mother, age of mother, weight of the baby, umbilical cord prolapse, fetal distress, abnormal presentation, dystocia and failure to progress. The non-medical factors include financial incentives of doctors, time convenience for doctors, high tolerance to surgery, patient’s preference toward cesarean section, private hospitals, public hospitals, income status of patients, rural areas, urban areas and the education of patients. To identify the critical factors, data have been collected and a multi-criteria decision-making technique, called Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, is used. Findings The result shows that the medical factors that are responsible for the rise in the rate of cesarean sections are umbilical cord prolapse, age of mother and obesity of mother. On the other hand, the non-medical factors that are the reasons for the increase in cesarean sections are the large number of private hospitals and the unethical acts of the doctors in these hospitals, preference of patients, and either the unavailability of doctors or poor conditions of hospitals in rural areas. Originality/value Cesarean section is an important surgical intervention and is considered to be very essential in the cases of existing as well as potential medical problems to the mother or the baby. Cesarean section is also performed for non-medical reasons. In Pakistan, the number of private hospitals has increased and these hospitals provide good health care. However, these hospitals do not work under the rules and regulations set by the government. The doctors in private hospitals perform unnecessary cesarean sections in order to fulfill the demands of private hospital’s owners. In addition to this, it is also found that, nowadays, most women prefer to give birth through cesarean section in order to eliminate the pain of normal vaginal delivery.

I―V characteristics of vanadium-flavonoid complexes based Schottky diodes

Abstract: In this study, we have investigated the current–voltage characteristics of the Schottky diodes of two vanadium complexes, VO 2 (3-fl) ( 1 ) (3-fl=3-hydroxyflavone) and VO(acac) 2 ( 2 ), (acac=acetylacetonate), and their composites with TiO 2 . Thin films of vanadium complexes and their composites were deposited by the centrifugation method. Current–voltage characteristics of the samples were processed by the modified Shockley equation, Cheung functions and space-charge limited currents (SCLC) approaches. Different junction parameters, such as series resistances, reverse saturation currents, ideality factors and barrier height of the samples, were determined.

Hydrophobicity investigation and life estimation of silicone rubber nanocomposites

Abstract: Water repellency and service life of room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SiR) are of utmost importance for application as coating of outdoor insulators. Enhancements in these two chara...