Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

About: Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology is a education organization based out in Topi, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Quantum efficiency & Diode. The organization has 618 authors who have published 940 publications receiving 10674 citations.

Service Completion Probability Enhancement and Fairness for SUs using Hybrid Mode CRNs

Abstract: Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) promise to accommodate billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices within scarce spectrum by allowing secondary users (SUs) to use licensed spectrum. However, the devices need uninterruptible communication, which the conventional CRNs cannot fulfill. This necessitates successful service completion probability (SSCP) enhancement in CRNs. Further, maintaining fairness among SUs, in terms of availing network services, is a matter of consideration for ensuring the network services to be fairly available to all SUs. In this paper, we propose a hybrid CRN (HCRN) scheme to analyze two problems. Firstly, we investigate SSCP enhancement by utilizing hybrid underlay-interweave mode of CRNs and propose a dynamic channel reservation algorithm to support interrupted users. Secondly, we propose a multi-attributes based fairness-driven channel determination (MFD) algorithm for channel interruption, which ensures fairness among SUs in availing network services. Furthermore, continuous-time Markov chain is used for modelling, and mathematical formulations are derived for SSCP. The proposed scheme is evaluated under various network traffic loads and channel failure rates. Numerical results show significant improvement in SSCP and reduction in forced termination rate as compared to the benchmark. Similarly, the MFD algorithm brings a prominent improvement in fairness.

The influence of Muslim marriages on entrepreneurial intentions of women entrepreneurs: Evidence from Pakistan

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of Muslim society marriages – forced, arranged or marriages of choice/love, on women entrepreneurial intentions (EI), with reference to Ajzen’s (2002) theory of planned behaviour. It is postulated that marriage type has a significant influence on women household dynamics towards EI and business growth.,A qualitative methodology was used and a total of 20 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with Muslim married women entrepreneurs operating home-based and market-based small businesses.,The findings show that all these three types of married women entrepreneurs are active in the entrepreneurial process. However, the authors found different paradoxes in their EI and desire for business growth based on their marriage choices or marriage-related constraints that may have been imposed on them.,Qualitative research on a small sample size certainly presents a limitation on the generalizability of this work, because it is difficult to capture data regarding this sensitive issue. Future research could also be carried out in other cultural and religious traditions.,The paper provides good insights to understand the entrepreneurial journey of Muslim women entrepreneurs in the conservative society based on their marriages options.,The contribution of this research is twofold. First, the paper offers a theoretical perspective related to female EI and business growth based on religious marriages. Second, it applies Ajzen’s (2002) planned behaviour theory to establish how marriage constraints may influence women EI in the Muslim society.

Liquid marbles with in-flows and out-flows: characteristics and performance limits

Abstract: We characterized the breaking, buckling and deformation of a liquid marble upon liquid exchange via external inflow and outflow During liquid addition, the breaking of liquid marbles was affected by the existence of a swirl flow pattern During liquid removal, the liquid marbles buckled and their morphology was controlled using penetrating pins During a zero-net-flow perfusion process, the shapes of liquid marbles were controlled by the arrangement of the inlets and outlets

Analysis of interference avoidance with load balancing in heterogeneous cellular networks

Abstract: In heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNets) smallcells are overlaid with macro-cells to handle heavy cellular data traffic in an efficient way. To achieve fast and reliable access to data with a better coverage it is necessary to offload users to the underutilized small-cells from the congested macro-cells. Sharing of the same licensed frequency spectrum by smallcells and macro-cells results in heavy cross-tier interference which significantly affects the downlink SINR. In this paper, we investigate and analyze a joint frequency-division duplex based cross-tier complementary spectrum sharing technique which is also regarded as reverse frequency allocation (RFA) scheme with load balancing. This scheme mitigates inter-cell interference (ICI) and better balances the load across the network. It also guarantees enhanced spectral efficiency and coverage probability, particularly for cell edge users (CEUs). Numerical results indicate that load balancing together with RFA is necessary to enhance the coverage of CEU in co-channel HCNets.