Showing papers by "Government College published in 2005"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used analytical data to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes, such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, HCO, NO−3, F−, B− and SiO2 were determined.
Abstract: Hydrochemistry of groundwater in Chithar Basin, Tamil Nadu, India was used to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, HCO
3
−
, CO
3
2−
, SO
4
2−
, NO−3, F−, B− and SiO2 were determined. Concentrations of the chemical constituents in groundwater vary spatially and temporarily. Interpretation of analytical data shows that mixed Ca–Mg–Cl, Ca–Cl and Na–Cl are the dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area. Alkali earths (Ca2+, Mg2+) and strong acids (Cl−, SO
4
2−
) are slightly dominating over alkalis (Na+, K+) and weak acids (HCO
3
−
, CO
3
2−
). The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+ ≥ Ca2+ ≥ Mg2+ > K+ = Cl− > HCO
3
−
> SO
4
2−
> NO
3
−
> CO
3
2−
. Groundwater in the area is generally hard, fresh to brackish, high to very high saline and low alkaline in nature. High total hardness and TDS in a few places identify the unsuitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Such areas require special care to provide adequate drainage and introduce alternative salt tolerance cropping. Fluoride and boron are within the permissible limits for human consumption and crops as per the international standards.
510 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reflection coefficients of P and SV waves from free surface of an elastic solid with thermodiffusion are considered and boundary conditions are solved to obtain a system of four non-homogeneous equations for reflection coefficients.
Abstract: The governing equations for generalized thermodiffusion in an elastic solid are solved. There exists three kinds of dilatational waves and a Shear Vertical (SV) wave in a two-dimensional model of the solid. The reflection phenomena of P and SV waves from free surface of an elastic solid with thermodiffusion is considered. The boundary conditions are solved to obtain a system of four non-homogeneous equations for reflection coefficients. These reflection coefficients are found to depend upon the angle of incidence of P and SV waves, thermodiffusion parameters and other material constants. The numerical values of modulus of the reflection coefficients are presented graphically for different values of thermodiffusion parameters. The dimensional velocities of various plane waves are also computed for different material constants.
117 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that, under experimental conditions, polyphenolic compounds effectively suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.
86 citations
TL;DR: The thermodynamic properties of ferromagnetic systems in equilibrium and far from equilibrium are well studied in this article, however, the thermodynamic behavior of the systems far from equilibria is not well studied.
Abstract: The thermodynamical behaviors of ferromagnetic systems in equilibrium are well studied. However, the ferromagnetic systems far from equilibrium became an interesting field of research in last few d...
80 citations
TL;DR: The data support the assumption that metal sensitivity is probably due to strong tendency of the species to accumulate them and justifies that the corn variety ‘Neelum’ is not suitable for the cultivation under situations where water and soil suffer from occasional and/ or transitory metal pollution.
Abstract: The heavy metal tolerance in corn (Zea mays L.) var. ‘Neelum’ was assessed at germination and seedling growth after having subjected it to different concentrations of CuSO4 and ZnSO4. Germination was not affected by any of the metal tested, whereas initial growth was strongly inhibited by increasing concentrations of ZnSO4. Seedlings developed toxicity symptoms in the presence of both metals but more chlorotic and necrotic regions were observed at varying levels of ZnSO4 than CuSO4. The metal accumulation was concentration dependent. Z. mays seedlings accumulated more copper in roots but greater contents of zinc in their shoots. On the basis of results presented here, it can be concluded that the cultivar of the species tested has shown a marked sensitivity to the presence of small amounts of metals present in the growth medium. The data support the assumption that metal sensitivity is probably due to strong tendency of the species to accumulate them. This justifies that the corn variety ‘Neelum’ is not suitable for the cultivation under situations where water and soil suffer from occasional and/ or transitory metal pollution.
77 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the feasibility of the model in the development of three layered buccal compact containing highly water-soluble drug MT and the decrease in MT release was observed with an increase in both the formulation variables and as the carbopol: HPMC ratio increases the bioadhesive strength also increases.
63 citations
TL;DR: A comparison that shows the higher recognition rate achieved with the newly proposed method for the set of 6720 samples collected from 105 different textures of Brodatz, Vistek, Indezine databases and some additional images collected from other resources of indexed and true color images is shown.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a lead borate glass of molar composition 49.5H3BO3-49.5PbO-1.0Eu2O3 was prepared and studied by broadband and fluorescence line narrowing spectral techniques.
Abstract: A lead borate glass of molar composition 49.5H3BO3–49.5PbO–1.0Eu2O3 was prepared and studied by broadband and fluorescence line narrowing spectral techniques. Site-selective 5D0 → 7F0,1 emission spectra were obtained under resonant excitation at different wavelengths along the 7F0 → 5D0 transition. These studies have been used to investigate the site-to-site variations in the spectroscopic properties of Eu3+ ions in the lead borate glass at 13 K. The energies of the Stark levels of the 7F1 multiplets are obtained from the experimental fluorescence line narrowing spectra and crystal-field analysis has been carried out, assuming C2v orthorhombic symmetry, for each of the excitation energies. The distribution environments and the local structures of Eu3+ ions in lead borate glass are found to be almost similar to calcium diborate glass and lies intermediate between Eu3+-doped sodium borosilicate and lithium fluoroborate glasses.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the phonon sideband spectrum for 1.0 mol% Eu 3+ -doped metaphosphate glass of the same composition and compared with the Raman spectrum.
Abstract: Thulium-doped metaphosphate glasses with four concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mol%) of Tm 3+ have been prepared and investigated by Raman, absorption and photoluminescence spectral studies. The phonon sideband spectrum has been measured for 1.0 mol% Eu 3+ -doped metaphosphate glass of the same composition and compared with the Raman spectrum. From vibronic spectra, various bands associated with different structural groups have been identified and assigned. Absorption band positions have been used to simulate the complete energ yl evel diagram for the Tm 3+ ion using the model Hamiltonian. Judd–Ofelt parameters have been determined from the absorption bands .U sing these parameters, transition probabilities, excited state lifetimes and transition branching ratios have been evaluated. The emission and decay curves of the 1 D2 level have been measured for all four glass samples both at RT and 15 K. Lifetimes show a strong quenching for Tm 3+ concentrations higher than 0.1 mol%. Fluorescence decay curves of the 1 D2 level have been well fitted to th eI nokuti–Hirayama model for S = 6, suggesting that the mechanism for energy transfer between Tm 3+ ions is of dipole–dipole type.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the (2+1)-dimensional long wave-short wave resonance interaction (LSRI) equation and show that it possesses the Painleve property.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the (2+1)-dimensional long wave–short wave resonance interaction (LSRI) equation and show that it possess the Painleve property. We then solve the LSRI equation using Painleve truncation approach through which we are able to construct solution in terms of three arbitrary functions. Utilizing the arbitrary functions present in the solution, we have generated a wide class of elliptic function periodic wave solutions and exponentially localized solutions, such as dromions, multidromions, instantons, multi-instantons and bounded solitary wave solutions.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of symmetric wave propagation in a fluid-saturated incompressible porous medium is presented, where the governing equations are solved by the method of characteristics.
TL;DR: It is found that there exists three plane waves in a two-dimensional model of thermo-piezoelectric solid and the velocities of these plane waves are found to depend upon properties of material and the angle of propagation.
TL;DR: The ability of these techniques to distinguish the bone characteristics of sham-operated rats from CD-OVX rats provides a methodological opportunity to assess osteoporosis in small animals like rats.
TL;DR: Clinical and molecular data of a large Pakistani family with zygodactyly that was mapped to a new locus on chromosome 3p21.31 by genome-wide linkage analysis are presented and genetic heterogeneity in the condition is predicted.
Abstract: There is good evidence from the medical literature that type I syndactyly, the most common form of the nonsyndromic syndactylies, is clinically heterogeneous. We therefore propose to group the condition into four subtypes, which are all autosomal dominantly inherited. Subtype 1, zygodactyly (cutaneous webbing of second and third toe without hand involvement) is the mildest and most common form. The phenotype varies from unilateral minor impression of webbing to bilateral complete webbing of second and third toe including a fusion of nails. Bony involvement is never observed. Subtype 2 is characterized by bilateral cutaneous and/or bony webbing of third and fourth finger, and second and third toe. The phenotype maps on chromosome 2q34-q36 and was designated as SD1 (ie syndactyly 1). The hallmark of subtype 3 is bilateral cutaneous or bony webbing of third and fourth finger, while subtype 4 shows bilateral cutaneous webbing of fourth and fifth toe. Both, subtype 3 and 4, are rare entities. Here, we present clinical and molecular data of a large Pakistani family with zygodactyly that was mapped to a new locus on chromosome 3p21.31 by genome-wide linkage analysis. The highest LOD score (Zmax=3.38) was obtained with microsatellite marker D3S2409. The disease interval is flanked by markers Chr3_4919 and Chr3_4940 encompassing about 0.20 Mb. Since the same phenotype appears not to be linked to this locus in a German family, we predict genetic heterogeneity in zygodactyly and propose to designate the 3p21.31 locus as ZD1 (i.e., zygodactyly 1).
TL;DR: In this article, the superconducting state parameters of fourteen metallic glasses of the Ni-Zr-M system (M=Ti, V, Co, Cu) have been determined in the BCS-Eliashberg-McMillan framework.
Abstract: Superconductivity in ternary metallic glasses has been investigated using the model pseudopotential approach, which has been found quite successful in explaining superconductivity in metals, binary alloys and binary glasses. It is observed that this simple methodology successfully explains superconducting behaviour of ternary glasses without requiring the solution of Dirac equation for a many body problem or estimation of various interactions as required in ab-initio pseudopotential theory. In the present work superconducting state parameters of fourteen metallic glasses of (Ni-Zr)-M system (M=Ti, V, Co, Cu) have been determined in the BCS-Eliashberg-McMillan framework. It is observed that addition of V, Co, and Cu as the third element (M) to a binary metallic glass (Ni33 Zr67) causes the parameters λ,T
c, α, andN
0
V to decrease, and Coulomb pseudopotential (μ*) to increase with concentration of M, showing that the presence of third element (M) causes suppression of superconducting behaviour of the alloy. The decrease inT
c with increasing concentration of third element (M) may be attributed to the modifications in density of states at the Fermi levelN(E
F), and probable changes in the band structure of the alloy due to addition of the third element (M). Slight difference is noticed when Ti is added to the Ni33 Zr67 alloy. In this caseT
c rises initially and then decreases with concentration of M, showing a peak at aboutx=0.05. This indicates that on addition of Ti, 3d states grow near the Fermi level and hence contribute substantially toN(E
F), favouring superconducting behaviour in this case. The present results forT
c show an excellent agreement with the experimental data. QuadraticT
c equations have been proposed, which provide successfully theT
c values of ternary metallic glasses under consideration.
TL;DR: In this article, the insertion reactions of singlet methylene and fluorocarbenes (1 CH2, 1 CHF and 1 CF2) into 1°, 2° and 3° non-polar C-H bonds of alkanes (methane, ethane, propane, n -butane, iso-butane and iso -pentane) have been investigated at ab initio (MP2) and DFT levels invoking 6-31g(d,p) basis set.
Abstract: The insertion reactions of singlet methylene and fluorocarbenes ( 1 CH2, 1 CHF and 1 CF2) into 1°, 2° and 3° non-polar C–H bonds of alkanes (methane, ethane, propane, n -butane, iso -butane, n -pentane and iso -pentane) have been investigated at ab initio(MP2) and DFT levels invoking 6-31g(d,p) basis set. Additionally, the 6-311++g (d, p) basis set has been used for DFT calculations only. The transition states formed during the σ and π insertions of fluorocarbenes into the alkane C–H have been investigated in this study. Transition states of σ approach in the potential energy surface have been located by complete optimization while those of π approach have been subjected to constrained relaxations. Both MP2 and DFT predict that the σ approach is slightly favored over the π approach. Wide variations in the barrier heights (∼2 to ∼10 kcal/mol for 1 CHF and ∼27 to ∼40 kcal/mol for 1 CF 2 at MP2; ∼1 to ∼7 kcal/mol for 1 CHF and ∼26 to ∼35 kcal/mol at B3LYP) have been observed for the insertions of fluorocarbenes investigated. For inverted σ approach of 1 CHF and 1 CF 2 , the barrier heights have been found to be ca. 2–5 times that of normal σ approach. In all these insertion reactions, the singlet–triplet energy gaps correlate positively with the barrier heights while neither HOMO/LUMO energies nor HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (HLEG) correlate.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the ductal ampulla of agamid lizards is a composite gland of the ampulla ductus deferentis and seminal vesicles of mammals.
Abstract: Among reptiles, an ampulla ductus deferentis has been reported only in Squamata. Fairly detailed studies are available only for two species, the lizard Calotes versicolor (Fam: Agamidae) and the snake Seminatrix pygaea (Fam: Colubridae). The light microscopic study on C. versicolor revealed the ampulla to be a prominent organ, whereas the light and transmission electron microscopic study in S. pygaea revealed it to be discernable only in histological preparations. Further, the epithelium of the ductal portion of vas deferens as well as the ampulla of C. versicolor appears to contribute to the seminal plasma and can also phagocytose dead sperm, whereas in S. pygaea neither of these roles has been established. Thus, we hypothesize that there may be variations in the anatomy, histology, and the role of the vas deferens in general, and the ampulla in particular, of the squamate reptiles. In this study, the ductus deferens of the small fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana (Fam: Agamidae) was subjected to light and transmission electron microscopic analysis. In this lizard the ampulla is more prominent than in C. versicolor. The epithelium of the ductal portion of vas deferens consists of principal cells (with features reflecting roles in endocytosis and phagocytosis of dead sperm), dark cells (which are absent in the epithelium of the ductal portion of vas deferens of snakes), and basal cells. The ampulla of S. ponticeriana is differentiated into storage and glandular portions. The epithelium of the storage portion is like that in the ductal portion of the vas deferens, whereas that of the glandular portion, consisting of dark and light principal cells and foamy cells, is tall and forms into smooth villous folds. All three cell types show evidence for a role in secretion, in all likelihood different from each other, for release into the lumen to contribute to seminal plasma. These cells do not provide evidence of a role in phagocytosis of dead sperm. It appears that within the Squamata, the ductal ampulla differs in structure as well as function. We suggest that the ductal ampulla of agamid lizards is a composite gland of the ampulla ductus deferentis and seminal vesicles of mammals. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TL;DR: Spirulina pre- and post-treatment with mercury prevented or reduces mercury-induced alterations in terms of calcium level, iron level, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, and lipid peroxidation and GSH level in blood.
TL;DR: Both the newly introduced etchants were found more efficient than the conventionally used 6 M aqueous NaOH at 70 degrees C and have relatively much smaller etching time.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Ahmad et al. as discussed by the authors used the Pushto word "roh" to derive the name Rohilla, which is a hill-like dialect of the Cholistan dialect of Tibet.
Abstract: The word ‘Cholistan’ has been derived from a Turkish word, ‘Chol’, means a desert, while some historians believe that this name has been distorted from Iraqi (Kurdish) word, ‘Chilistan’ meaning waterless waste land (Ahmad et al., 1992; Auj, 1995 and Ahmad, 1999), popularly Cholistan is known as ‘Rohi’. In a dialect still spoken in some parts of Tibet, ‘roh’ means a hill, from which the name Rohilla has been attributed. In fact, Rohi has been derived from the Pushto word ‘roh’, meaning is a sandy desert (Auj, 1987; 1991; Ahmad, 1999b).
16 Aug 2005
TL;DR: This paper attempts to use the fuzzy concept on handwritten numerals and Tamil characters to classify them as one among the prototype characters using a feature called distance from the frame and a suitable membership function.
Abstract: The theory of fuzzy set provides an approximate but effective means of describing the behavior of ill-defined systems. Patterns of human origin like handwritten characters are to some extent found to be fuzzy in nature. It is decided to use fuzzy conceptual approach effectively in this paper. In fact, in this paper, we attempt to use the fuzzy concept on handwritten numerals and Tamil characters to classify them as one among the prototype characters using a feature called distance from the frame and a suitable membership function. The unknown and prototype characters are preprocessed and considered for recognition. The algorithm is tested for about 250 samples for numerals and seven chosen Tamil characters and the success rate obtained varies from 76% to 94%.
TL;DR: It is shown that a section semi-complemented pseudocomplemented poset is a Boolean poset and Peirce's Theorem is extended to uniquely complemented posets (with 0 and 1) like Peirces' Theorem and the Birkhoff–von Neumann Theorem.
Abstract: In this paper, some classical results of uniquely complemented lattices are extended to uniquely complemented posets (with 0 and 1) like Peirce's Theorem, the Birkhoff–von Neumann Theorem, the Birkhoff–Ward Theorem. Further, it is shown that a section semi-complemented pseudocomplemented poset is a Boolean poset.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified two-parameter fracture criterion is applied to correlate fracture data from tensile cracked plates made of aluminium alloys, titanium alloys and stainless steel at cryogenic temperatures.
TL;DR: An autosomal recessive form of ED is studied in 13 individuals over six generations from an inbred Pakistani family and the clinical features include highly dystrophic nails and thin hair on scalp, fine eyebrows and eyelashes, and thin body hair.
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion of electronic conduction in amorphous thin films of Al-In2O3-Al structure is presented, where the question of film thickness, substrate temperature during deposition and post-deposition annealing, since these conditions are known to have a profound effect on the structure and electrical properties of the films.
Abstract: A discussion of electronic conduction in amorphous thin films of Al-In2O3-Al structure is presented. Particular attention is given to the question of film thickness, substrate temperature during deposition and post-deposition annealing, since these conditions are known to have a profound effect on the structure and electrical properties of the films. The effects of temperature on the V-I characteristics and effects of frequency on conductivity and capacitance of the Al-In2O3-Al structure are also reported. Activation energies for conduction processes are estimated and the results are discussed in terms of the hopping model. The conduction at higher temperature is seemingly a contact-limited, i.e. Schottky type process, so a transition from hopping to free-band conduction takes place. The capacitance decreases with the rise of frequency and the lowering of temperature. The values of dielectric constants are estimated and the results are discussed in terms of Schottky type of conduction. The increase in conductivity with the increase in temperature during measurements of electrical properties, film thickness, substrate temperature and post deposition annealing is reported and results are discussed in terms of current theory.
TL;DR: This review makes an attempt to critically review the growth of the advancement of concepts and knowledge on the photosystem in the background of technological development and concludes with perspectives on research and technology that should reveal the complete story of PS II of thylakoid in the future.
Abstract: Photosystem II (PS II) of thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms has drawn attention of researchers over the years because it is the only system on Earth that provides us with oxygen that we breathe. In the recent past, structure of PS II has been the focus of research in plant science. The report of X-ray crystallographic structure of PS II complex by the research groups of James Barber and So Iwata in UK (K.N. Ferreira et al. Science 303: 1831–38, 2004) is a milestone in the area of research in photosynthesis. It follows the pioneering and elegant work from the laboratories of Horst Witt and W. Saenger in Germany (A. Zouni et al. Nature 409: 739–743, 2001), and J. Shen in Japan (N. Kamiya and J. Shen, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 98–103, 2003). It is time to analyze the historic events during the long journey made by the researchers to arrive at this point. This review makes an attempt to critically review the growth of the advancement of concepts and knowledge on the photosystem in the background of technological development. We conclude the review with perspectives on research and technology that should reveal the complete story of PS II of thylakoid in the future.
TL;DR: The Kottathara gold prospect of Attappadi valley in Kerala is located within the Southern Indian Granulite Terrain comprising charnockite and gneisses with enclaves of high-grade supracrustals as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-chloro-5-fluoro-1,2-phenylenediamine (C(6)H( 6)ClFN(2) have been recorded in the region 4000-400 and 3500-100 cm(-1), respectively.
TL;DR: The study suggested that populations of A. nilotica are differentiated in relation to the heterogeneity of environment because these populations became adapted to their habitat through the variability of morphological expressions.
Abstract: Variability among populations was analyzed in five provenances of Acacia nilotica from spatially variable habitats. Populations of A. nilotica developed in response to their habitat conditions. The level of variability was significantly high among the populations. Phenotypic variability was extremely high for leaf and stipular spine characteristics. The nature of morphological variability for vegetative traits appeared environmentally controlled. The differentiation of leaf and stipular spine expression seems to have an adaptive significance for the species in terms of water economy. Although, seed and pod characteristics are genetically controlled showing a lower proportion of variability but these traits supported r and k-selection that may allow the species to survive under a wide array of contrasting habitats. The study suggested that populations of A. nilotica are differentiated in relation to the heterogeneity of environment. These populations became adapted to their habitat through the variability of morphological expressions. The morphologically differentiated populations of the species had allowed them to maintain themselves in a wide array of environmental situations enabling A. nilotica to occupy ample ecological ranges.
TL;DR: In this article, the physicochemical properties of the non-irradiated natural rubber latex, irradiated rubber latex and blend films were determined after leaching with distilled water, and the composition of the blends and the doses of radiation were optimized.
Abstract: Nonirradiated natural rubber latex (NRL) and irradiated (12 kGy) rubber latex were blended in ratios of 100:0, 85:15, 65:35, 50:50, 35:65, 15:85, and 0:100 (v/v) to improve properties of the rubber latex. The blends were irradiated using different irradiation doses (0–20 kGy) in the presence of a radiation vulcanization accelerator (RVA), normal butyl acrylate (n-BA). The physicochemical properties of the nonirradiated latex, irradiated latex, and blend films were determined after leaching with distilled water. It was observed that the tensile strengths of the blend films increases with an increase in the content of the irradiated proportion and radiation doses. The composition of the blends and the doses of radiation were optimized. The maximum tensile strength (31.41 MPa) was found for the 50:50 composition of the blend with a 5 kGy radiation dose. The 100:0 blends, when irradiated, give the highest tensile strength (27.69 MPa) with 12 kGy but a 15:85 nonirradiated blend gives the tensile stren...