Showing papers by "Government College published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, a simple precipitation method with zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials was used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and proton-induced Xray emission (PIXE) analysis.
Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple precipitation method with zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. The synthesized sample was calcined at different temperatures for 2 h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. SEM images show various morphological changes of ZnO obtained by the above method. The average crystallite sizes of the samples were calculated from the full width at half maximum of XRD peaks by using Debye-Scherrer's formula and were found to be in the nanorange. EDS shows that the above route produced highly pure ZnO nanostructures. PIXE technique was used for trace elemental analysis of ZnO. The optical band gaps of various ZnO powders were calculated from UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopic studies.
470 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of magnetic field on stagnation point flow and heat transfer due to nanofluid towards a stretching sheet was analyzed using Runge-Kutta fourth order method with shooting technique.
258 citations
26 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the development and various techniques for the resistivity measurement of solid kind of samples, and present a review of these techniques and their application in a wide range of industrial applications.
Abstract: World-wide interest on the use of ceramic materials for aerospace and other advanced engineering applications, has led to the need for inspection techniques capable of detecting unusually electrical and thermal anomalies in these compounds. Modern ceramic materials offer many attractive physical, electrical and mechanical properties for a wide and rapidly growing range of industrial applications; moreover specific use may be made of their electrical resistance, chemical resistance, and thermal barrier properties. In this review, we report the development and various techniques for the resistivity measurement of solid kind of samples.
109 citations
TL;DR: The review details several of the recent pharmaceutical packaging trends that are impacting packaging industry, and offers some predictions for the future.
Abstract: The pharmaceutical packaging market is constantly advancing and has experienced annual growth of at least five percent per annum in the past few years. The market is now reckoned to be worth over $20 billion a year. As with most other packaged goods, pharmaceuticals need reliable and speedy packaging solutions that deliver a combination of product protection, quality, tamper evidence, patient comfort and security needs. Constant innovations in the pharmaceuticals themselves such as, blow fill seal (BFS) vials, anti-counterfeit measures, plasma impulse chemical vapor deposition (PICVD) coating technology, snap off ampoules, unit dose vials, two-in-one prefilled vial design, prefilled syringes and child-resistant packs have a direct impact on the packaging. The review details several of the recent pharmaceutical packaging trends that are impacting packaging industry, and offers some predictions for the future.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of process parameters and optimization of electrical discharge machining (EDM) performance measures on MDN 300 steel has been discussed and the results reveal that the optimal level of the factors for SR and TWR are the same but differ from the optimum levels of factors for MRR and RWR.
Abstract: Maraging steel (MDN 300) exhibits high levels of strength and hardness. Optimization of performance measures is essential for effective machining. In this paper, Taguchi method, used to determine the influence of process parameters and optimization of electrical discharge machining (EDM) performance measures on MDN 300 steel, has been discussed. The process performance criteria such as material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), relative wear ratio (RWR), and surface roughness (SR) were evaluated. Discharge current, pulse on time, and pulse off time have been considered the main factors affecting EDM performance. The results of the present work reveal that the optimal level of the factors for SR and TWR are same but differs from the optimum levels of the factors for MRR and RWR. Further, discharge current, pulse on time, and pulse off time have been found to play a significant role in EDM operations. Detailed analysis of structural features of machined surface was done by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to understand the influence of parameters. SEM of electrical discharge machining surface indicates that at higher discharge current and longer pulse on duration give rougher surface with more craters, globules of debris, pockmarks or chimneys, and microcracks than that of lower discharge current and lower pulse on duration.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of design parameters have been experimentally investigated for the air side thermal performance under mixed (combined natural and forced) convection of the fully shrouded elliptical pin fin heat sinks and the values of optimum design parameters are sought.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between carbon isotope events, phosphorites, and atmospheric oxygenation and concluded that increased phosphate availability during and after the Lomagundi-Jatuli event likely caused cyanobacterial blooms and was a key factor in the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-stage treatment involving microfiltration (MF) followed by reverse osmosis (RO) compared to conventional process was proposed for reuse in the tanning process.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this article, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analysis of Xray techniques were used to characterize the as-prepared combustion product of Gd 3+ doped MgAl 2 O 4.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article, effective atomic numbers' (Z(eff)) effective electron density (N(el)) for human organs and tissues have been computed in the energy region of 1 keV to 100 GeV using WinXCOM.
Abstract: Effective atomic numbers' (Z(eff)) effective electron density (N(el)) for human organs and tissues have been computed in the energy region of 1 keV to 100 GeV using WinXCOM. The computed data of Z(eff) and N(el) are tabulated. The computed values are compared with previous results. The computed data of Z(eff)and N(el)for almost all tissues (34 tissues of different human organs) in the given energy range are not available in literature and find application in radiotherapy and dosimetry.
55 citations
TL;DR: In contrast to non-sustainable, non-renewable fossil-fuel-based conventional chemical processes, so-called green reactions are sustainable, highly-efficient (fewer steps, fewer resources, less waste) and stable under ambient conditions and much more eco-friendly (achieved by the use of non-hazardous solvents and lesshazardous, minimized waste) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In contrast to non-sustainable, non-renewable fossil-fuel-based conventional chemical processes, so-called green reactions are sustainable, highly-efficient (fewer steps, fewer resources, less waste) and stable under ambient conditions and much more eco-friendly (achieved by the use of non-hazardous solvents and less-hazardous, minimized waste). They are assessed by 12 principles established by Anastas and Warner [Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998]. Recently steps have been taken to make textile materials and processing more environmentally friendly (or ‘greener’), including fibre production, dyes and auxiliaries, solvents, optimized and efficient processing with recycling of water and chemicals, bio-processing, the elimination of hazardous chemicals and the recycling of textile materials, and whilst it is acknowledged that mechanical aspects of textile processing also contribute to achievement of sustainability, this review focuses on the chemistry deployed.
TL;DR: The Ternary systems performed well as a result of comprehensive effect of ternary complexation and particle size reduction achieved by a spray drying technology and the stability constants of binary systems were remarkably improved in presence of ARG, indicating positive effect of its addition.
TL;DR: A series of 2,5-di(4-aryloylaryloxymethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 9a-j obtained via multistep synthesis from hydroxybenzophenones 4a-e exhibited moderate to good anti-cancer activity.
TL;DR: This paper presents initial cluster prototypes using prototype initialization method to enhance the robustness of the original clustering algorithms to reduce noise and outliers, and the superiority of the proposed methods has been examined through the experimental study on medical images.
TL;DR: This overview will enlighten the practicing dentists regarding newer devices and methods of rendering pain control comparing these with the earlier used ones on the basis of research and clinical studies available.
Abstract: Although local anesthesia remains the backbone of pain control in dentistry, researches are going to seek new and better means of managing the pain. Most of the researches are focused on improvement in the area of anesthetic agents, delivery devices and technique involved. Newer technologies have been developed that can assist the dentist in providing enhanced pain relief with reduced injection pain and fewer adverse effects. This overview will enlighten the practicing dentists regarding newer devices and methods of rendering pain control comparing these with the earlier used ones on the basis of research and clinical studies available.
TL;DR: A series of new sulphonamido-quinoxaline derivatives 3(a-p) have been prepared which are structurally similar to the High Throughput Screening (HTS) hit identified by Porter and collaborator and further docking study confirms the c-Met kinase inhibitory mechanism of the synthesized compounds.
TL;DR: This literature review on root-end filling materials will evaluate and comparatively analyse the biocompatibility and tissue response to these products, with primary focus on newly introduced materials.
Abstract: The purpose of a root-end filling is to establish a seal between the root canal space and the periradicular tissues. As root-end filling materials come into contact with periradicular tissues, knowledge of the tissue response is crucial. Almost every available dental restorative material has been suggested as the root-end material of choice at a certain point in the past. This literature review on root-end filling materials will evaluate and comparatively analyse the biocompatibility and tissue response to these products, with primary focus on newly introduced materials.
TL;DR: The food web of the saline–alkaline lakes of East Africa is characterised by a unique interaction between the Lesser Flamingos as consumer birds and the cyanobacterium Arthrospira fusiformis as the primary producer, but this interaction is disturbed frequently by alterations of the phytoplankton community.
Abstract: The food web of the saline–alkaline lakes of East Africa is characterised by a unique interaction between the Lesser Flamingos as consumer birds and the cyanobacterium Arthrospira fusiformis as the primary producer. However, this interaction is disturbed frequently by alterations of the phytoplankton community. During the period 2001–2012, species of the cyanobacteria Anabaenopsis and Cyanospira were observed in four soda lakes of the African Rift Valley and compared to the entire phytoplankton biomass and composition. Their morphology was highly variable. Each species preferred a distinct range of salinity: C. capsulata 30–40 ppt, C. rippkae 25–35 ppt, A. arnoldii and A. abijatae 10–30 ppt, and A. elenkinii 0–15 ppt. Occasional dominance of Anabaenopsis and Cyanospira in the lakes investigated shows that members of these genera are serious competitors of A. fusiformis, the main food for Lesser Flamingos. Furthermore, mass developments of C. capsulata adversely affected food uptake by the flamingos at Lake Bogoria because they formed mucilaginous colonies that clogged the food filter system. From field samples of the three lakes, uncultured Anabaenopsis and Cyanospira spp. clones were obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing data put into doubt the differentiation of Anabaenopsis and Cyanospira into separate genera as recently suggested.
TL;DR: In this paper, the stiffness of tightly bound diborate groups affect upon the addition of heavy metal oxide and the increase in density and decrease in molar volume with increase of Bi 2 O 3 content indicates the opening of diborce glass structure to achieve better packing and bonding.
Abstract: Neodymium doped sodium diborate glasses containing bismuth oxide were prepared by melt quenching method. An effort has been made to understand whether the stiffness of tightly bound diborate groups affect upon the addition of heavy metal oxide. The increase in density and decrease in molar volume with increase of Bi 2 O 3 content indicates the opening of diborate glass structure to achieve better packing and bonding. The mixed bonding such as Bi–O–B may occur during glass formation leads to decrease in its glass transition temperature. The increase in oxygen packing density values also indicates the existence of tight packing of the oxide network. The optical properties are measured using UV–visible spectroscopy. The increase in refractive index is attributed to the increasing number of highly polarizing Bi 3+ ions with higher atomic weight and coordination number. The decrease in the optical band gap energy with increase in Bi 2 O 3 content is ascribed to shifting of absorption edge to a longer wavelength region. The IR spectra reveal that the glass network consists of tightly bound diborate and BiO 6 octahedral units.
TL;DR: The PGG isolated from MEMI inhibits 11β-HSD-1 activity and ameliorates HFD-induced diabetes in male C57BL/6 mice.
TL;DR: Chelator strengthened U uptake in the present study follows the order: CA>EDTA>OA>NTA>Nta, while NTA proved to be the weakest for the same purpose.
TL;DR: In this article, the propagation of time harmonic waves in an infinite thermoelastic medium with microtemperatures was studied, and the reflection phenomenon of these waves from a plane boundary of a thermo-elastic half space was investigated.
TL;DR: A series of clay supported metal containing catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance was evaluated in the synthesis of tetrasubstitued imidazoles under solvent free condition as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A series of clay supported metal containing catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance was evaluated in the synthesis of tetrasubstitued imidazoles under solvent free condition. It was found that K10 supported titanium catalyst showed higher activity compared to other catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DTA, BET surface area and SEM. The general applicability of the method was demonstrated for the synthesis of tetra- substituted imidazoles from aldehydes and amines containing various electron donating and electron withdrawing substituents. The diversity of the catalyst was studied by synthesis of benzimidazoles and quinoxalines. The mechanism of formation of the products is explained in detail. The catalyst was found to be active for three cycles.
TL;DR: In this paper, a deterministic model for a population subject to a strong Allee effect and undertake a model based study on commercially valuable herring fish population is proposed, which can have a huge impact on understanding extinction patterns and enable us to identify demographic threats and guide decision making in conservation management.
TL;DR: Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence bioavailability of a range of hydrotrophic drugs as discussed by the authors, which is one of the most promising approaches for solubility enhancement.
Abstract: Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence bioavailability of a range of hydrotrophic drugs. Up to 40% of new chemical entities discovered by the pharmaceutical industry today are poorly soluble or lipophilic compounds. Solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs with water-soluble carriers reduce the incidence of these problems and enhanced dissolution. Solid dispersion is one of the most promising approaches for solubility enhancement. The term solid dispersion refers to a group of solid products consisting of at least two different components, generally a hydrophilic matrix and a hydrophobic drug. The matrix can be either crystalline or amorphous. As per biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs are with low solubility and high permeability and are the promising candidates for improvement of bioavailability by solid dispersion. Some of the practical aspects to be considered for the preparation of solid dispersions, such as selection of carrier, molecular arrangement of drugs in solid dispersions are discussed in this article. This article reviews the various preparation techniques for solid dispersion, characterization and compiles some of the recent technology transfers. Availability of a wide variety of polymers that are themselves poorly soluble or which swell under aqueous conditions suggests that solid dispersions have tremendous potential in the area of controlled release dosage forms. Keywords: Solid dispersions, solubility, carrier, Biopharmaceutical classification system
TL;DR: Findings suggest that the MEMI and EMEMI possess potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantitative assessment of water collected from the midstream of Karatoa river in Bangladesh, 31 water samples were analyzed to assess heavy metals, major ionic constituents and suitability parameters for irrigation usage.
Abstract: In a quantitative assessment of water collected from the midstream of Karatoa river in Bangladesh, 31 water samples were analyzed to assess heavy metals, major ionic constituents and suitability parameters for irrigation usage. The electrical conductivity of all collected samples were within the range of 450 to 1653 μS cm -1 indicating medium to high salinity. Total dissolved solids ranged from 247 to 789 mg L -1 and the samples were rated as fresh water ( Mg > Na > K, 8 samples as Ca > K > Na > Mg, 7 samples as Ca > Mg > K > Na, 6 samples as Ca > Na > K > Mg and only 2 samples as Ca > K > Mg > Na. Among the studied heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni), the most dominant metal was Fe and Mn. The concentration of Mn in 13 water samples exceeded the surface water quality standard (0.10 mg L -1 ) indicating Mn toxicity. Considering hardness, 6 water samples were graded as moderately hard while the rest 25 samples were graded as hard. As regards to permeability index, 65% of the water samples collected from the midstream of Karatoa river belongs to the unsuitable category. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14806 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 149-160 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of number of immersion cycles on the stoichiometry and structural properties of CdS films were studied using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR).
TL;DR: Novel metal(II) complexes derived from furfurylidene-4-aminoantipyrine and 2-aminobenzothiazole were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and other analytical methods and provide evidence for monomeric and neutral nature of the complexes.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of surfactant structure on the optical and photoluminescence (PL) emission properties of CdS NPs has been investigated under identical reaction conditions.
Abstract: Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs), prepared by a convenient chemical precipitation method, have been characterized using techniques such as TEM, XRD, zeta potential, absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy to establish the structure directing role of different cationic and anionic surfactants and their impact on the nanoparticles stabilization. In the synthesis of the CdS NPs, cadmium acetate and sodium sulfide, employed as starting reagents, were dissolved in aqueous solutions of different surfactants to study the effect of their structures on the nucleation, growth, optical and PL emission properties of the NPs. By varying the surfactant species, the CdS NPs have significantly different optical and PL emission properties despite being produced under similar reaction conditions. Depending on the surfactant structure, the growing CdS NPs were stabilized by the surfactants to different extents. For example, in the surfactant with the longest chain length (e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB), the CdS NPs were most stable, whereas using a surfactant with a smaller chain length i.e. DTAB, the NPs were unstable for even 1 h. On the other hand, anionic surfactants of even smaller chain lengths were able to stabilize the CdS NPs for quite long times. The generalized study of growth of spherical CdS NPs involves monitoring the kinetics during the progress of the reaction. Additionally, an interesting prominent effect of surfactant structure on the PL emission properties of the NPs has been established under identical reaction conditions.