Government College

About: Government College is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Ring (chemistry). The organization has 4481 authors who have published 5986 publications receiving 57398 citations.

Photovoltaic properties of nanocrystalline CdS films deposited by SILAR and CBD techniques—a comparative study

Abstract: CdS films were fabricated using Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique from starting solutions having S:Cd ratio 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 7:1 and their structural, surface morphological and optical properties were investigated and compared with that of their chemical bath deposited counterparts. The X-ray diffraction profiles showed that the films have cubic crystal structure with preferential orientation along the (111) plane and the intensity of the (111) plane increases for both the techniques as the S:Cd ratio increases. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that for SILAR deposited films, the S/Cd ratio in the sample increases from 0.8308 (for S:Cd 1:1) to 1.04 (for S:Cd 7:1) as the molar concentration of sulphur in the starting solution increases. But for CBD films, the S/Cd is only ~0.80 for all concentrations of sulphur in the starting solution. The optical band gap increases with the increase in S:Cd ratio in the starting solution in both the techniques.

Application of Ethnobotanical Indices on the Use of Traditional Medicines against Common Diseases.

Abstract: The present study was aimed at documenting the detailed ethnomedicinal knowledge of an unexplored area of Pakistan. Semistructured interviews were taken with 55 informants randomly chosen regarding detailed ethnomedicinal and sociocultural information. The study exposed 67 medicinal plant species used to prepare 110 recipes and the major modes of herbal formulation were decoction and powdering (20% each). The disease categories with the highest Fic values were gastrointestinal and dermatological (0.87 each). The study determined 3 plant species, i.e., Acacia modesta Wall., Caralluma tuberculata R.Br., and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal with a FL of 100%. DMR results showed that Olea ferruginea (Sol.) Steud. ranked first, Morus alba L. ranked second, and Melia azedarach L. ranked third. Among the 55 informants, the male concentration was high (61%) and most of them were over 40 years old while a leading quantity of respondents (45%) was uneducated. There is a dire need to take necessary steps for the conservation of important medicinal plants by inhibiting overgrazing and providing alternate fuel resources. Young generations should be educated regarding the importance of ethnomedicinal knowledge and plants with high Fic and FL values should be further checked chemically and pharmacologically for future exploration of modern medicine.

Recent advances in nanocellulose processing, functionalization and applications: a review

Abstract: In recent years, environmental and ecological concerns have become a major issue owing to the expansion of petroleum-based synthetic materials and products, and therefore the development of novel and effective synthetic materials that have ecofriendly and economical properties is of significant interest. With the improvements in nanotechnology, biopolymer nanocellulose has gained further attention owing to its remarkable properties and easy availability from various plant species and agricultural waste products, such as rice husk, tea leaves, sugarcane bagasse and so forth. Nanocellulosic materials have wider applications, for example they are used in bio-sensing, catalysis, wastewater treatment, drug delivery, tissue engineering, flame retardants and so on, owing to their long-lasting nature, anisotropic shape, splendid biocompatibility, potent surface chemistry, and efficacious mechanical and optical properties. Chemical, mechanical, physicochemical and enzymatic pretreatments can be utilized to synthesize nanocellulose from cellulosic waste. The features of nanocellulosic materials are mainly dependent on the extraction technique, source and efficient subsequent surface functionalization. Surface functionalization of nanocellulosic materials involves various routes of functionalization, for example, to provide ionic charges on the surface of nano-cellulose via phosphorylation, carboxymethylation, oxidation and sulfonation on nanocellulosic surfaces, or to generate a hydrophobic surface on a nanocellulosic material via acetylation, etherification, silylation, urethanization and amidation. Functionalization of nanocellulose through grafting of a polymer onto its backbone is also an interesting route owing to its wider applications in various dimensions. These modifications provide potential nanomaterials which can be utilized as reinforcing agents in various nanocomposites and also promotes specific features for the production of novel cellulosic nanomaterials, with the objective of promoting their applications in the field of functionalized nanomaterials.