Government College

About: Government College is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Ring (chemistry). The organization has 4481 authors who have published 5986 publications receiving 57398 citations.

Thermoreversible nanoethosomal gel for the intranasal delivery of Eletriptan hydrobromide

Abstract: The objective of the current study was to formulate and characterize thermoreversible gel of Eletriptan Hydrobromide for brain targeting via the intranasal route. Ethosomes were prepared by 3(2) factorial design with two independent variables (concentration of soya lecithin and ethanol) and two response variables [percent entrapment efficiency and vesicle size (nm)] using ethanol injection method. Formulated ethosomes were evaluated for preliminary microscopic examination followed by percent drug entrapment efficiency, vesicle size analysis, zeta potential, polydispersibility index and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM confirms spherical morphology of ethosomes, whereas Malvern zeta sizer confirms that the vesicle size was in the range of 191 ± 6.55-381.3 ± 61.0 nm. Ethosomes were incorporated in gel using poloxamer 407 and carbopol 934 as thermoreversible and mucoadhesive polymers, respectively. Ethosomal gels were evaluated for their pH, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo drug permeation through the sheep nasal mucosa. Mucoadhesive strength and pH was found to be 4400 ± 45 to 5500 ± 78.10 dynes/cm(2) and 6.0 ± 0.3 to 6.2 ± 0.1, respectively. In-vitro drug release from the optimized ethosomal gel formulation (G4) was found to be almost 100 % and ex vivo permeation of 4980 µg/ml with a permeability coefficient of 11.94 ± 0.04 × 10(-5) cm/s after 24 h. Histopathological study of the nasal mucosa confirmed non-toxic nature of ethosomal gels. Formulated EH loaded ethosomal thermoreversible gel could serve as the better alternative for the brain targeting via the intranasal route which in turn could subsequently improve its bioavailability.

Determination of Montelukast Sodium and Bambuterol Hydrochloride in Tablets using RP HPLC.

Abstract: An accurate, specific and precise assay level gradient reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of montelukast sodium and bambuterol hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. An inertsil ODS C-18, 5 µm column having 250×4.6 mm I.D. in gradient mode, with mobile phase A, containing 0.025 M sodium phosphate buffer: methanol (85:15) and mobile phase B, containing acetonitrile:methanol (85:15) was used at different time intervals. The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 218 nm. The retention times of montelukast sodium and bambuterol hydrochloride were 21.2 min and 5.8 min respectively. The linearity for both the drugs was in the range of 0.25-0.75 mg/ml with correlation coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9996 for montelukast sodium and bambuterol hydrochloride, respectively.

Competition Between Different Decay Modes of Superheavy Element Z = 116 and Synthesis of Possible Isotopes

Abstract: We have predicted possible isotopes for Z = 116 by studying the competition between different decay modes such as binary, ternary, cluster radioactivity, and alpha decay. The spontaneous fission is a dominant decay mode for 274-276Lv and 295-339Lv; alpha decay is a prominent decay mode for the nuclei 277-294Lv. In the second part, we have identified the most possible projectile-target combinations to synthesize the superheavy nuclei with Z = 116. We have also identified the most suitable projectile-target combinations to form compound nucleus with Z = 116 which are 36Ar + 248Cf, 36Ar + 249Cf, 36Ar + 250Cf, 36Ar + 251Cf, 36Ar + 252Cf, 36Ar + 253Cf, 37Ar + 253Cf, 38Ar + 253Cf, 39Ar + 253Cf, 40K + 253Bk and, 40K + 254Bk. We also identified the most probable spontaneous fission fragments after alpha decay chains of 284-294Lv.

Middle East: research productivity and performance across nations

Abstract: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the research productivity and performance of countries that fall in the Middle East The data was gathered from the research analytical tool of Thomson Reuters, InCites The data was collected over a period of 33 years (1981 through 2013) with "global comparisons" as the dataset and "compare countries/territories" as the report name under "national comparisons" The data was collected from 15 countries of Middle East (as per InCites categorization) viz; Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen Each country was assessed on the basis of six parameters: total no of web of science documents; total citation count; average citations per documents, percentage of cited documents; impact relative to the world; and aggregate performance indicator On all these parameters, Israel occupies the first position The 2nd rank in terms of total web of science documents and total citation count is occupied by Turkey Kuwait has 2nd highest percentage of cited documents, and Lebanon occupies 2nd rank in terms of relative impact (in comparison to world) In terms of aggregate performance, Qatar ranks 2nd

A review on aerobic self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor: Formation, performance, fouling and cleaning

Abstract: Over the past few decades, much importance has been given to Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) in order to obtain a better substrate removal, considering the biomass retention in biochemical reactors. This review article begins with an overall scenario of the Membrane Bioreactor, then narrowing down to the Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor followed by Self-forming Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor (SFDMBR). It focuses on the formation of Self-Forming Dynamic Membrane (SFDM), performance of SFDMBR and cleaning methods. Based on the literature, it was observed that, by adopting physical cleaning alone, more than 90 % of flux recovery can be achieved, but irreversible foulants like extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) necessitate chemical cleaning. This article provides a technical overview of the research studies on the various factors affecting the performances of SFDMBR, including operating conditions (applied flux or pressure, aeration rate, solids retention time (SRT), etc.) and sludge characteristics (particle size distribution, settleability, flocculability, dewaterability, extracellular polymeric substance and soluble microbial product (SMP)). They influence the SFDM formation and the performance of SFDMBR. Relation between MLSS and formation time has also been discussed. Eventually, future perspective of SFDM study is also provided.