Showing papers by "Government of Canada published in 1980"

Sum-frequency light generation in optical fibers.

Abstract: The generation in an optical-fiber waveguide of a spectral continuum spanning 29000 cm−1 from the near infrared to the ultraviolet is reported. A Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser is used to excite the fiber. An unexpected phenomenon is the generation of sum-frequency light derived from the pump frequency and the characteristic Raman Stokes frequencies of fused silica. This light is observed as visible light in cladding modes of the fiber.

Modal noise in multimode fiber links: theory and experiment

Abstract: The generation of modal noise caused by the random interference of fiber modes in the presence of a mode-selective loss is described theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The results permit quantitative prediction of modal noise in optical systems.

Fused biconical tapered fiber-optic devices: Application to data buses

Abstract: The technology of fiber-optic couplers based on fused biconical tapered structures is reviewed, and the linear and star data-bus configurations that can be constructed using these couplers are discussed. A useful network topology for interconnecting star couplers using the hybrid transmission-reflection star coupler is also proposed. This network configuration has the advantage of requiring significantly less optical fiber than networks employing a single transmission or reflection star.

Comparison of Technology and Capital Costs for New Home Services

Abstract: This paper compares on a per subscriber basis the capital cost requirements of several new home services provided via a number of delivery system alternatives. The study was limited to alarm monitoring, electronic information, messaging, energy load management and pay-TV services, since it is expected that these services will play an important role among new telecommunicatin services offered to homes during the 1980' s. Since the role and penetration of new network architectures and technologies in the local distribution plant during the 80's is uncertain only existing off-air broadcast, telephone and coaxial cable networks and their suitably augmented versions have been considered as delivery network alternatives.

Some Aspects of the Canadian Experience with Flexible Exchange Rates in the 1970s

Abstract: In this study, the authors examine three aspects of the Canadian experience with flexible exchange rates in the 1970s: the movements in the Canadian dollar-U.S. dollar exchange rate, the sharp growth of external borrowings by Canadians in the 1974-76 period, and the real effects of relative price movements. Several theoretical and empirical exchange rate models are found to have done poorly in explaining the movements of the value of the Canadian dollar over the decade. In the examination of external borrowings in the mid-1970s, it is concluded that there was some response in borrower and lender behaviour to movements in nominal long-term interest rate differentials. Four sources of explanation for such behaviour are examined. A three-sector model comprising non-tradable goods, resource-based tradable goods and non resource-based tradable goods, is used to study the effects of changes in raw material prices, domestic unit labour costs, and the exchange rate on various real variables in the Canadian economy.

Intergovernmental Canada: government by conference ? A fiscal and economic perspective

Abstract: . This paper first reviews the main financial and economic issues discussed at federal-provincial conferences in the last twenty years. The author notes that intergovernmental accomplishments during this period are very impressive, conflicts not withstanding. At present, however, there is much concern in Canada about federal-provincial relations and the author submits a list of problems which seem to be the source of this concern. He wonders if the machinery set up in the past twenty years will be adequate to handle the problems of the future. It is clear that the federal government's share in the total revenues of the public sector cannot decrease in the next two decades as it did between 1958 and 1978. Discussion will shift from purely financial issues, and focus to a greater extent on economic development and on questions of federal rather than provincial jurisdiction. Increasingly, the federal government will be called upon to play the role of mediator between the provinces. In the author's view, Canadian federalism now faces two possible alternatives: either the collaborative or the classical approach. Sommaire. Ľauteur examine ďabord les principales questions financieres et economiques qui ont fait ľobjet de conferences federales-provinciales au cours des vingt dernieres annees. II constate que les realisations intergouvernemen-tales de cette periode, malgre les conflits, sont impressionnantes. II existe tout de meme presentement beaucoup ďinquietude au Canada au sujet des relations federales-provinciales et ľauteur dresse une liste des problemes qui sem-blent etre aľorigine de cette inquietude. II se demande ensuite si les meca-nismes mis en place au cours des vingt dernieres annees seront adequats pour faire face aux problemes des annees a venir. II est evident que la part du gou-vernement federal dans les recettes totales du secteur public ne pourra pas diminuer ďici a 1998 comme elle ľa fait de 1958 a 1978. Les debats s'eloigne-ront des questions purement financieres; on s'attardera davantage au develop-pement economique et a des questions de juridiction federale plutot que pro-vinciale. Le gouvernement federal sera de plus en plus appelea jouer le role de mediateur entre les provinces. Ľauteur pense que le federalisme canadien fait maintenant face a deux orientations possibles: soit une approche dite de collaboration , soit une approche dite classique .

Address to Conference Delegates

Abstract: In extending the good wishes of the Federal government to all the delegates I am aware that you, as scientists, have been concentrating your attention on the scientific aspects of acid precipitation You want to identify and characterize the various sources of atmospheric pollution; you wish to know what components give rise to acid precipitation, how they change with time, and under what conditions they are leached out of the air; you are interested in how they react with plants and farmland, and what the ultimate consequences are for living things Even more important, you want to know what are the gaps in our knowledge and how we can fill them However, as a politician, I am more concerned with what can be done about the problem, about what practical arrangements are most effective, and how scientific considerations can best be integrated into decision-making