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Showing papers by "Government of Canada published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gustatory responses to amino acids and derivatives obtained from the palatine nerve (VIIth cranial nerve) of rainbow trout were studied, demonstrating that the facial taste system is more narrowly-tuned to amino acid stimuli than the olfactory system.
Abstract: 1. Gustatory responses to amino acids and derivatives obtained from the palatine nerve (VIIth cranial nerve) of rainbow trout (Salmogairdneri) were studied. 2. The response to an amino acid was characterized by its fast-adapting, phasic nature that returned to baseline within 5 s during continuous stimulation. 3. Complete recovery of the response took place 120 s after stimulation when tested with two identical stimuli given successively (Figs. 2, 3). 4. Among common amino acids tested, onlyL-isomers of proline, hydroxyproline, alanine, leucine, and phenylalanine were stimulatory (Table 1), demonstrating that the facial taste system is more narrowly-tuned to amino acid stimuli than the olfactory system. The arginine derivative,L-α-amino-β-guanidinopropionic acid (L-AGPA) andL-argininic acid, and betaine were also effective. 5. Concentration-response relations, when plotted semi-logarithmically, were generally sigmoidal, saturating at higher concentrations (>1 mM) (Fig. 5). The threshold concentration forL-proline, the most effective amino acid tested, was estimated to be 50 nM. The thresholds for other stimulatory chemicals ranged between 1 and 100 μM. 6. L-AGPA, though having higher threshold (10 μM), could induce responses three times the magnitude of that ofL-proline at 1 mM. 7. The stimulatory activity of heterocyclic-imino acids having 4-, 5-, and 6-membered rings and also of thioproline and hydroxyproline suggests that the receptor recognizes primarily the imino acid region (Fig. 6). 8. Taste responses to amino acids were independent of pH, except that arginine analogues were only active at basic pHs (Fig. 7 and Table 3). larginine was active only at pHs higher than 8.5. The palatal chemoreceptors were stimulated by waters with pHs below 7.0, suggesting the existence of receptors for pH and/or CO2 (Fig. 7).

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The virus, which was isolated in the walleye ovarian (WO) cell line, was identified as a herpesvirus on the basis of size, morphology, morphology and apparent pattern of replication, and was ether-labile.
Abstract: . A new virus, provisionally named Herpesvirus vitreum, was isolated from hyperplastic epidermal tissue from a walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill), taken in Saskatchewan, Canada. The virus, which was isolated in the walleye ovarian (WO) cell line, was identified as a herpesvirus on the basis of size (190–230 nm), morphology and apparent pattern of replication. The virus, which passes polycarbonate membranes of 200 nm mean pore diameter, was ether-labile. Virus replicated in WC-1 cells at 4 and 15°C, but not at 20°C. Although walleye cell lines (WO, WC-1, We-2) were susceptible to infection at 15°C, non-period cell lines were refractory. Syncytial formation and lysis occurred in susceptible cell lines. Virus was quantified by plaque assay at 13 to 15°C for two weeks. Replication was inhibited by 10-3.0m phosphonoacetate and by 10-5.0m 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR), but addition of excess thymidine reversed the inhibition by BUDR. Viral replication in WO cells, but not in WC-1 cells, was inhibited by the antiherpetic drug acyclovir (10-5.0m). The relationship of the herpesvirus isolate and epithelial neoplasms was not determined.

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Chironomus tentans larvae were exposed to three different sediments containing 50 to 500 μg/kg (wet weight) of each chemical, or were held in screened containers in water above the treated sediment for 24 or 96-h.
Abstract: Uptake and elimination of 14C-labeled terbutryn, fluridone, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), trans-permethrin, methoxychlor and 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) by Chironomus tentans larvae were studied in sediment-water systems. Animals were exposed to three different sediments containing 50 to 500 μg/kg (wet weight) of each chemical, or were held in screened containers in water above the treated sediment for 24 or 96-h. Elimination of radioactivity was determined over a 48-h interval. Results were analyzed by use of a one-compartment kinetic model. Larvae exposed in sand or in water above sand had significantly higher concentrations of each chemical than those exposed in or above river (silty) or pond (silty clay) sediments. Uptake of terbutryn and fluridone, two hydrophilic compounds, was similar (24-h exposure) to that of methoxychlor and greater than that for TPP, trans-permethrin or HCBP, due to much greater partitioning of the former compounds into water above each sediment. TPP, trans-permethrin, methoxychlor and HCBP concentrations were significantly higher in larvae from sediment than in animals held in water above sediment. Uptake rate constants from water for each chemical were much greater than those for sediment, but due to the relatively large sediment-to-water ratio (1:5) and the high proportion of chemical in sediment, relative contributions of sediment and water uptake to body burden were similar. Assimilation of each compound by larvae from ingested sediments appeared to be negligible except for TPP and HCBP. Estimates of assimilation of TPP and HCBP in sand-water systems were much greater than those for sediments with higher organic matter content.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine strategies used to manage interactional order and identity by concealing, revealing, or disavowing stuttering, and offer insights into the way people manage disabilities: the articulation of premeditated and spontaneous tactics, and how management strategies shape and are shaped by, the experience of disability.
Abstract: This is a study of how stutterers cope with their disability. We examine strategies used to manage interactional order and identity by concealing, revealing, or disavowing stuttering. This offers insights into the way people manage disabilities: the articulation of premeditated and spontaneous tactics, and how management strategies shape, and are shaped by, the experience of disability.

46 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, an extensive review of field and theoretical studies on iceberg behavior and the factors controlling iceberg motion has been carried out, and a comprehensive computerized forecast system to predict the drift of iceberg ensembles off Canada's east coast was designed.
Abstract: The objectives of the study are to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of iceberg motion and the factors controlling iceberg drift, and to develop an iceberg ensemble drift forecast system to be operated by the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service. An extensive review of field and theoretical studies on iceberg behaviour, and the factors controlling iceberg motion has been carried out. Long term and short term behaviour of icebergs are critically examined. A quantitative assessment of the effects of the factors controlling iceberg motion is presented. The study indicated that wind and currents are the primary driving forces. Coriolis Force and ocean surface slope also have significant effects. As for waves, only the higher waves have a significant effect. Iceberg drift is also affected by iceberg size characteristics. Based on the findings of the study a comprehensive computerized forecast system to predict the drift of iceberg ensembles off Canada's east coast has been designed. The expected accuracy of the forecast system is discussed and recommendations are made for future improvements to the system.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: General relationships between movement and distribution of isotopes in water and their accumulation in these fish indicate that direct accumulation from water is not a major route of uptake.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It can be shown that β(n, k) is also the number of cyclically distinct binary sequences of length k which have all k successive sets of n adjacent digits distinct (the sequence to be considered cyclically).

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sommaire as discussed by the authors reviewed the rationale for government aid to industry and identified three broad rationales with examples, including the need to correct for distortions in the workings of the market economy, such as the existence of significant externalities, disproportionate risk aversion, oligopoly or monopoly.
Abstract: This paper, prepared for the 1982 annual conference of ipac, critically reviews the rationale for government aid to industry. the choice of policy instruments and the creation of the proposed new Department of Regional Industrial Expansion. The paper focuses upon the direct subsidization of specific industrial activities, most visibly through direct conditional grants, but also including tariff protection, loans or guarantees of loans at preferred rates. and direct ownership through crown corporations. Drawing upon the theoretical framework presented by Professor Albert Breton in his monograph “A Conceptual Basis for Industrial Stratea,” three broad rationales are identified and discussed, with examples. The first of these is aid to correct for distortions in the workings of the market economy, such as the existence of significant externalities. disproportionate risk aversion, oligopoly or monopoly, and, most prevalent but least analysed. the pervasive influence of policies of foreign governments, past governments, provincial governments and of the federal government in non-economic fields. The second rationale is the concentration of government policies. including direct assistance. to promote a purposeful industrial strategy, which in Canada must include a powerful commitment to reducing regional disparities. Finally, and of increasing importance, is the assistance designed to ease the burden of adjustment, by individuals and by communities. to changes in economic circumstances. The paper closes with a recapitulation of the government's announcement in January 1982 of its intention to create n new Department of Regional Industrial Expansion. Sommaire: Cet expose, prepare pour la conference annuelle de l'I.A.P.C. de 1982, etudie les raisons de l'aide gouvernerrrentale a l industrie, le choix des instruments de politique et le projet de creer un nouveau ministere de l'Expansion industrielle regionale. L'auteur traite du subventionnement direct d'activites industrielles particulitres, surtout evident dans les cas doctrois de subsides conditionnels, mais sans oublier la protection douaniere, les prets ou les garanties de pret a des taux preferentiels et la proprietV elle-meine par le truchernent des societes de la couronne. Utilisant le cadre theorique offert par le professeur Albert Breton dans sa monographie “Le Fondement Theorique d'une Strategie Industrielle” l'auteur identifie et etudie trois raisons principales et donne des exemples. La premiere de ces raisons est d'aider a corriger les distortions dans le jeu de l‘economie du marche, telles qne l'existence d'importants fxteurs externes, le rejet de risques excessifs, l'oligopole ou le monopole et, ce qui est le plus frequent rnais a ete le moins analyse, l'influence envahissante des politiques des gouvernernents etrangers, des gouverne-ments precedents, des gouvernements provinciaux et du gouvernement federal lui-meme dans d'autres domaines que l'econornie. La deuxieme raison est la concertation des politiques gouvernementales, y compris l'assistance directe, pour promouvoir une “strategie industrielle” solide qui, au Canada, doit inclure la ferme volonte de reduire les disparites regionales. La troisieme raison, dont l'importance continue a croitre, est d'alleger les difficultes d'adaptation a de nouvelles circons-tances des individus et des communautes. L'auteur conclut en recapitulant la declaration du premier ministre Trudeau; celui-ci annoncait L'intention du gouvernement de creer un nouveau rninistere de l'Expansion industrielle regionale comme instrument principal d'aide directe aux investissements prives, contribuant a l'innovation en matiere d'industrie, au developpement regional et a l'adaptation de l'industrie.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the cooling behavior of carbon-manganese and low alloy deep penetration welds is compared to the cooling behaviour of equivalent austenitic stainless steel welds where there are no transformation effects.
Abstract: Austenite and ferrite-pearlite cooling rate and cooling time relationships are proposed for deep penetration (electron beam) carbon-manganese and low alloy steel welds. These relationships are based on an analysis of experimental results by the heat transfer methods first suggested by Dorschu, Signes, and recently extended by Graville for the shallow penetration (arc) techniques. The cooling behavior of carbon-manganese and low alloy deep penetration welds is compared to the cooling behavior of equivalent austenitic stainless steel welds where there are no transformation effects. The results are rationalized in terms of the thermal properties of ferrite and austenite.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Smith as discussed by the authors pointed out that the debate over the role of the courts in the enforcement of the constitution did not begin with the federal-provincial disputes of the last 15 years over the entrenchment of a Charter of Rights.
Abstract: Professor Jennifer Smith's article is of particular interest in the light of our recent history because it reminds us that the debate over the role of the courts in the enforcement of the constitution did not begin with the federal-provincial disputes of the last 15 years over the entrenchment of a Charter of Rights. The survey of the debates surrounding Confederation in the 1860s and the establishment of the Supreme Court in the 1870s is an important reminder that we have for a rather long time faced this contradiction in a constitution which engrafted a system of limited government (originally limited by the needs of federalism, now also by the protection of individual rights) onto a parliamentary system which has recognized for three centuries the supremacy of parliament. It is a major thesis of this article that our experience with judicial review under the constitution of 1867, when compared to our expectations expressed at the time of Confederation and of the subsequent enactment of the Supreme Court Act, will give us some indication as to how accurately the expectations recently expressed forjudicial review under the Charter may be fulfilled. I would suggest that there are some important differences between the circumstances of the 1860s and 1870s and the circumstances of 1982 in this respect which perhaps make the future of judicial review more predictable now. The Fathers of Confederation in 1867 and their contemporaries who established the Supreme Court in 1875 had a very limited understanding of judicial review. It had not been practised in Canada prior to 1867 and even the United States experience, about which these British North American statesmen seemed to have been reasonably well informed, was not highly developed. It must be kept in mind that the Reconstruction amendments to the American constitution (the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments) were only adopted in the period 1865-1870 and did not attract a great deal of judicial

1 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
25 May 1983
TL;DR: The Microcell Land Mobile Radio System provides a sophisticated level of service to land mobile radio users with low cost, low power base stations located at street intersections throughout the city and along roads and highways.
Abstract: The Microcell Land Mobile Radio System concept is described in this paper. The system, while designed to meet the basic criteria of cost effective operation, provides a sophisticated level of service to land mobile radio users. Basically it employs low cost, low power base stations located at street intersections throughout the city and along roads and highways. With a total frequency spectrum of less than 8 MHz, the system can handle the voice and data communication traffic to and from all users within the coverage areas.