scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Government of Canada published in 1989"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: G. ogac is intermediate between the elevated rate of Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, and eurythermal temperate species, and available data indicate they are not important in marine mammal and bird food webs.
Abstract: The distribution and relative abundance, life history parameters, food habits, and metabolic rate were determined forGadus ogac in Sagvagjuac Inlet, northwest coast of Hudson Bay (63° N). Fish were demersal, non-schooling, and distributed evenly down to 35 m depth. Growth was slow (maximum age 12 y) and mortality relatively low (0.5 y−1).G. ogac first spawned at 2–3 y and spawned annually thereafter, in late March – early April. They tended to remain in the inlet and were not taken on the open coast. They are top carnivores, taking primarily capelin when available, benthic crustacea (crabs, amphipods) when not. The metabolic rate ofG. ogac is intermediate between the elevated rate of Arctic cod,Boreogadus saida, and eurythermal temperate species. Available data indicate they are not important in marine mammal and bird food webs. Their biology is contrasted with that of Arctic cod, which are short-lived, cryopelagic, feed on pelagic crustacea, and are an extremely important component of Arctic marine food webs.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the existing models of smuggling do not provide a proper treatment of risk, and they develop a new model which is an application of James Tobin's celebrated risk analysis to the smuggling situation.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of changes in capital income taxation in a two-commodity life cycle general equilibrium growth model is discussed, where consumption and capital goods are separately identitied, with an endogenously determined relative price between them.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a characterization of the forest vegetation and soils in two adjacent; contrasting headwater lake basins located in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia.
Abstract: Characterization of the forest vegetation and soils in two adjacent; contrasting headwater lake basins located in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia was completed in 1980. Precipitation chemistry was studied during May to November, 1981–83 at two forested plots in each basin. There were 2012 stems ha-1 in Beaverskin basin and 1816 stems ha-1 in Pebbleloggitch basin. Beaverskin species composition was predominantly coniferous (72% of stems) while Pebbleloggitch was predominantly deciduous (52% of stems). Thickness and mass of organic soil layers were greater in Beaverskin. Mineral soil cation concentrations were similar. There were no differences between the basins in mean incident bulk precipitation pH. Mean volume-weighted pH for the period (73 collections) was 4.80. Sixteen percent of collections had a pH < 4.25. Sulphate deposition in incident bulk precipitation (May – November) ranged from 5.4–8.5 kg ha-1 during 1981–83 while NOinf3sup-ranged from 0.04–0.93 kg ha-1. The partitioning of incident precipitation into throughfall varied considerably (69%–38%) year-to-year. Temporal flux of ions did not differ significantly. Amounts of all major ions in throughfall especially SOinf4sup2-and base cations(Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+ + Na+) were enriched.

9 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The broad acceptance of the conclusions and recommendations contained in the Brundtland Report with its emphasis on environmentally sustainable development is a good indication that this concept is gaining world-wide recognition as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The broad acceptance of the conclusions and recommendations contained in the Brundtland Report with its emphasis on environmentally sustainable development is a good indication that this concept is gaining world-wide recognition. Science and the ensuing technology must be credited for creating and sustaining our modern society and we must now apply our expertise to minimize the adverse impacts of industrial growth and preserve our environment.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, spray deposit patterns on simulated and live foliage of balsam fir and white birch were determined at different heights and at periphery and interior locations of the tree crown, following aerial and ground applications of fenitrothion formulations over a boreal forest near Searchmont, Ontario.
Abstract: Spray deposit patterns on simulated and live foliage of balsam fir and white birch were determined at different heights and at periphery and interior locations of the tree crown, following aerial and ground applications of fenitrothion formulations over a boreal forest near Searchmont, Ontario. Droplet size spectra and AI deposits were assessed at ground level with ‘Kromekote’ card/glass plate units. Aerial application was made with a Cessna 188 aircraft fitted with ‘Micronair’ AU3000 atomizers. For ground application, a ‘Soloport’ 423 backpack mistblower fitted with an extension tube and a diffuser nozzle at the tip was used. Deposit data on the ground samplers indicated significantly larger droplets and greater deposits from the aerial spray trial than from the mistblower treatment. However, foliar deposits at tree canopy level were only slightly higher in the former trial than in the latter. Analysis of spray deposits on simulated and live fir foliage showed definite gradients in deposit levels, decreasing from top to bottom crown, and from periphery to inner tree crown. In the birch tree crown, such gradients were not observed. The simulated leaves generally acted as better collectors of spray droplets than the natural leaves. The overall mean deposit values, expressed in ng cm−2, showed a wide variation, although there was generally a close relationship between the deposits on the simulated and natural surfaces.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, four-year data on spring outplanted black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce, and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were subjected to stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with mixed models containing both continuous and categorical variables.
Abstract: Four‐year data on spring outplanted black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were subjected to stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with mixed models containing both continuous and categorical variables. Several treatments had been imposed on two provenances of seedlings of each species, including machine‐ and hand‐planting in furrows, or hand‐planting on untreated ground; and heavy, light, or no NPK fertilization immediately after planting. Furrow depth, initial height, vertically, and direction of lean of each newly planted tree, and first‐ through fourth‐year survival, growth, and condition were recorded. For each species, survival and total height equations are tabulated to show the proportion of variability explained by qualitative variables (site and stock factors), planting stock characters, and plantation age. Age accounted for 13–92% of the total variability in survival and growth. Both planting without si...

2 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a pseudoplastic spray mixture was prepared from fenitrothion, polymeric adjuvants and humectants, which was applied over potted seedlings of balsam fir using a spinning disc atomizer.
Abstract: A pseudoplastic spray mixture was prepared from fenitrothion, polymeric adjuvants and humectants. Three Newtonian spray mixtures were prepared, one each from fenitrothion, aminocarb and mexacarbate respectively, using oils, surfactants and cosolvents. The spray mixtures were sprayed over potted seedlings of balsam fir using a spinning disc atomizer, at an application rate of 1.5 L/ha. Aminocarb and mexacarbate were each sprayed at 70 g active ingredient (AI)/ha, whereas fenitrothion, at 210 g AI/ha. Spray droplets were sampled with Kromekote® cards and deposits were collected on glass plates. Foliar droplets were counted and pesticide concentrations were measured by gas-liquid-chromatography. Physical properties measured were: viscosity-shear rate relationship, surface tension and volatility. The data indicated that the presence of the polymeric adjuvants imparted pseudoplastic behavior to the spray medium. Because of this, the mixture provided a markedly larger droplet size spectrum and much greater deposit concentrations of the insecticide both on conifer foliage and on the sampling units.

2 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the interrelationships between physical properties of two spray mixtures, application parameters, meteorological conditions, drop size spectra, ground deposits and foliar concentrations of aminocarb are described.
Abstract: Experimental observations made in eight aerial spray trials on the inter-relationships between physical properties of two spray mixtures, application parameters, meteorological conditions, drop size spectra, ground deposits and foliar concentrations of aminocarb are described in this paper. In 1981, the spray mixtures were applied using a small aircraft (Cessna 188) equipped with four rotary (Micronair® AU3000) atomizers. In 1982, the mixtures were sprayed using a large aircraft (TBM avenger) fitted with 24 hydraulic (1010 Flatfan Teejet®) nozzles. Spray drops were collected at ground level with sampling cards, and ground deposits were assessed using glass plates. Canopy deposits were determined directly on live foliage. Physical properties measured were: viscosity, surface tension and volatility, In the 1981 study, the drop size spectra of both spray mixtures were narrow and contained small drops with a volume median diameter (D V . 5 ) less than 50 μm. In the 1982 study, the drop size spectra were wide and contained large drops with a D V . 5 greater than 100 μm. The ground deposits were higher in 1982 than those in 1981. Foliar deposits, on the other hand, were similar in both years. Among the three physical properties studied, viscosity and volatility played significant roles on the drop size spectra and ground deposits obtained in 1981; but no similar relationships could be found in 1982.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Matacil® 180F, a commercial formulation of aminocarb, was diluted with carrier diluents to provide eight different oil-based tank mixes and the interrelationships between physicochemical properties, solubility aspects, phase separation, resuspensibility of sediments, and chemical compatibility were investigated during storage for 96 h at 10°C.
Abstract: Matacil® 180F, a commercial formulation of aminocarb, was diluted with carrier diluents to provide eight different oil‐based tank mixes. The diluents included three vegetable oils, Dowanol ®TPM (a glycol ether), kerosine and fuel oil (mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons), Cyclosol® 63 (a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons) and a 50:50 mixture of canola oil and Cyclosol 63. The interrelationships between physicochemical properties, solubility aspects, phase separation, resuspensibility of sediments, and chemical compatibility were investigated during storage for 96 h at 10°C. Among the physicochemical properties studied, only viscosity and solubility played important roles in the physical compatibility of the tank mixes: high‐viscosity diluents (vegetable oils) imparted high viscosity to the tank mixes and provided good suspensibility for the milled aminocarb particles present. The medium‐viscosity diluent, Dowanol TPM, showed very high solubility for aminocarb and therefore, no phase separation prob...