Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Debt. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

In-situ bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil in Canada's Arctic territory: a case study at the Whitehorse International Airport, Yukon Territory

Abstract: Effective remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils in the Arctic is becoming increasingly important as the magnitude of environmental risks becomes better defined. Unfortunately, some of the solutions implemented in southern Canada are too costly to use in the Arctic. However, effective remediation is still necessary. Consequently, traditional techniques are employed, such as excavation and landfarming, which are disruptive to the immediate soils, permafrost, and the surrounding habitat. These remedial methods, however, are becoming unacceptable to First Nations people in some Canadian Arctic communities. This paper describes preliminary results from an in-situ biodegradation study of petroleum-contaminated soils. This technique has the potential to provide an easily applied effective solution to the problem of devising a low cost and uncontroversial method of remediation. Based on bench-scale laboratory feasibility studies, it has been determined that the zone of contaminated soil at the Whitehorse Airport is suitable for in-situ bioremediation application.

DEVS execution acceleration with machine learning

Abstract: Discrete Event System Specification DEVS separates modeling and simulation execution. Simulation execution is done within a runtime environment that is often called a DEVS simulator. This separation creates an opportunity to incorporate smart algorithms in the simulator to optimize simulation execution. In this paper, we propose incorporating some predictive machine learning algorithms into the DEVS simulator that can cut simulation execution times significantly for many simulation applications without compromising the simulation accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a specific learning mechanism that can be embedded into the DEVS simulator to incrementally build a predictive model that learns from past simulations. We further look into issues related to the predictive model selection, its prediction accuracy, its effect on the overall simulation performance, and when to switch between the predictive model and the simulation during an execution.

Managerial Compensation and Stock Price Manipulation

Abstract: This paper studies the role of optimal managerial compensation in reducing uncertainty about a manager's reporting objective. I show that, paradoxically, firm owners allow managers with higher propensity to manipulate the short-term stock price to push for higher-powered and more short-term focused equity incentives. Such managers also work harder, and manipulate more, but may not generate higher firm profits. Consistent with existing empirical evidence on top manager pay, the model predicts a positive relationship between manipulation activity and both overall strength and short-term focus of equity incentives, but no relationship between firm value and equity incentives.

Estimates of future cancer mortality attributable to modifiable risk factors in Canada.

Abstract: Modifiable lifestyle, environmental, and infectious risk factors associated with cancer impact both cancer incidence and mortality at the population level. Most studies estimating this burden focus on cancer incidence. However, because these risk factors are associated with cancers of disparate mortality rates, the burden associated with cancer incidence could differ from cancer mortality. Therefore, estimating the cancer mortality attributable to these risk factors provides additional insight into cancer prevention. Here, we estimated future cancer deaths and the number of avoidable deaths in Canada due to modifiable risk factors. The projected cancer mortality data came from OncoSim, a web-based microsimulation tool. These data were applied to the methodological framework that we previously used to estimate the population attributable risks and the potential impact fractions of modifiable risk factors on Canadian cancer incidence. We estimated that most cancer deaths will be attributed to tobacco smoking with an average of 27,900 deaths annually from 2024 to 2047. If Canada’s current trends in excess body weight continue, cancer deaths attributable to excess body weight would double from 2786 deaths in 2024 to 5604 deaths in 2047, becoming the second leading modifiable cause of cancer death. Applying targets to reduce these risk factors, up to 34,600 cancer deaths could be prevented from 2024 to 2047. Our simulated results complement our previous findings on the cancer incidence burden since decreasing the overall burden of cancer will be accelerated through a combination of decreasing cancer incidence and improving survival outcomes through improved treatments.

Mexacarbate residues in selected components of a conifer forest following aerial applications of oil‐based and aqueous spray formulations

Abstract: Mexacarbate (4‐dimethylamino‐3,5‐xylyl N‐methylcarbamate) insecticide has potential for use in spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) control operations in Canada. Its persistence and fate in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), litter and soil samples were studied by spraying aerially oil‐based and water‐based formulations, each at 70 g A.I./ha over a coniferous forest near Bathurst, New Brunswick. The oil‐based formulation gave the maximum concentration of the chemical in the substrates studied. In fir needles, the highest concentrations observed were 0.51 ppm and 0.19 ppm (fresh weight) for the oil‐based and emulsion formulations respectively, 1 h after application. The residue levels decreased very rapidly with a half‐life of approximately 5 h. Three and eight days after the spray application of the emulsion and oil formulations respectively, the concentrations of mexacarbate in foliage decreased to trace levels ( 0.008 ppm). Only very low levels of residue were detected in litter...