Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Debt. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

R&D Spending and Knowledge Spillovers

Abstract: Understanding firm constraints in R&D expenditures is a key component to addressing broader economic goals. We investigate the role of local intensity of university-industry knowledge spillovers on the amount of firm R&D expenditure. To investigate this issue we use firm-level dataon R&D expenditures from Italy. We find that geographical variation in the R&D intensity of higher education sector, which is shown to be a good proxy for the local intensity of knowledge spillovers, plays an important role for the amount of R&D expenditures financed by the local business sector. We argue that our findings have important policy implications.

Game Theory and Cyber Defense

Abstract: The extensive use of information technology systems in military sector has changed the face of the battlefield and the nature of war. A growing body of literature argues that the game-theoretic reasoning is well-suited to many problems in cyber defense. A game between a defender and an attacker trying to gain access to computers remotely is a typical strategic interaction in this domain. This chapter discusses how game theory can be applied in cyberspace. It offers a comprehensive review of literature on the application of game theory in this area. It proposes and illustrates a new game formulation combining game theory and other techniques. The chapter highlights the recognized challenges associated with the applicability of game theory in the cyber world. It discusses how the game-theoretic formalism can be adapted to obtain sound solutions in a reasonable time.

Impact of Trade on Canada's Employment, Skill and Wage Structure

Abstract: Using newly constructed data for 88 Canadian industries (including primary, manufacturing and services), for 15 years (1992–2007), we analyse the impact of trade and technological change on labour demand, skill structure, wage premiums and welfare in Canada. Results show that export growth has no impact, whereas import growth reduces employment growth. But contrary to popular belief, Canada's job loss due to imports has been very small, only about 6,000 persons annually. China's negative impacts are more pronounced in industries where the share of information and communication technology (ICT) capital is rising fast and among low R&D intensive industries. In terms of skill change, ICT use and real exchange rate appreciation are biased towards high skill workers. Imports from the United States and China are skill-neutral, whereas imports from Mexico are skill-upgrading. Overall, neither export nor import growth has an impact on the wage rate. However, had there been no imports from China, the annual wage growth rate of high skill manufacturing workers would have been 0.6 per cent higher. Between 1992 and 2007, there was an annual net gain from the rise in imports at about 0.4 per cent of GDP, in addition to the gains obtained from 1992 import levels vis-a-vis autarky.

FDI, Absorptive Capacity, and Productivity Growth: The Role of Inter-Industry Linkages

Abstract: This paper examines the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on total factor productivity growth in Canadian manufacturing industries. In contrast with most previous studies, this paper focuses on the spillover effects of FDI taking place through inter-industry linkages and studies the role of absorptive capacity in enhancing the productivity benefits of FDI. Our main findings are: (i) FDI generates strong and positive spillover effects on TFP growth through both backward and forward linkages; (ii) the absorptive capacity in downward stream industries enhances the positive spillover effects of FDI on productivity growth; (iii) research and development (RD and (iv) imports raises productivity growth in R&D-intensive industries.