Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Productivity. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

Assessment of canopy and ground deposits of fenitrothion following aerial and ground application in a Northern Ontario forest

Abstract: Spray deposit patterns on simulated and live foliage of balsam fir and white birch were determined at different heights and at periphery and interior locations of the tree crown, following aerial and ground applications of fenitrothion formulations over a boreal forest near Searchmont, Ontario. Droplet size spectra and AI deposits were assessed at ground level with ‘Kromekote’ card/glass plate units. Aerial application was made with a Cessna 188 aircraft fitted with ‘Micronair’ AU3000 atomizers. For ground application, a ‘Soloport’ 423 backpack mistblower fitted with an extension tube and a diffuser nozzle at the tip was used. Deposit data on the ground samplers indicated significantly larger droplets and greater deposits from the aerial spray trial than from the mistblower treatment. However, foliar deposits at tree canopy level were only slightly higher in the former trial than in the latter. Analysis of spray deposits on simulated and live fir foliage showed definite gradients in deposit levels, decreasing from top to bottom crown, and from periphery to inner tree crown. In the birch tree crown, such gradients were not observed. The simulated leaves generally acted as better collectors of spray droplets than the natural leaves. The overall mean deposit values, expressed in ng cm−2, showed a wide variation, although there was generally a close relationship between the deposits on the simulated and natural surfaces.

Building an Epidemiology of Happiness

Abstract: Starting from the assumption that improving well-being is the central consideration for public policies, we show how subjective well-being research can help, and already is helping, to choose public policies based on their consequences for all aspects of life. The core of the paper lies in examples where the methods we propose, often in systematic experimental contexts, have already been used to guide the evaluation and ranking of alternative policy options in public health, education, workplace training, and social welfare. The arrival of COVID-19 has increased the urgency for a well-being focus, since the policy decisions being faced by governments dealing with the pandemic require an approach much broader than provided by more typical policy evaluations in all disciplines, including especially the social context and the distribution of costs and consequences. A broader approach to policy design and choice is fully consistent with the underlying aims of epidemiology, with similar gains likely in other policy disciplines. A focus on subjective well-being as an umbrella measure of welfare might help to restore to economics the breadth of purpose and methods it had two centuries ago, when happiness was considered the appropriate goal for private actions and public policies.

Canada-United States agricultural trade under the shadow of NAFTA: liberalization, conflicts and challenges

Abstract: This article investigates the ability for regional trade agreements (RTAs) to push forward agricultural liberalization. Our study of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) demonstr...

Post-Secondary Attendance by Parental Income in the U.S. And Canada: What Role for Financial Aid Policy?

Abstract: This paper examines the implications of tuition and need-based financial aid policies for family income - post-secondary (PS) attendance relationships. We first conduct a parallel empirical analysis of the effects of parental income on PS attendance for recent high school cohorts in both the U.S. and Canada using data from the 1997 Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and Youth in Transition Survey. We estimate substantially smaller PS attendance gaps by parental income in Canada relative to the U.S., even after controlling for family background, adolescent cognitive achievement, and local residence fixed effects. We next document that U.S. public tuition and financial aid policies are actually more generous to low-income youth than are Canadian policies. By contrast, Canada offers more generous aid to middle-class youth than does the U.S. These findings suggest that the much stronger family income - PS attendance relationship in the U.S. is not driven by differences in the need-based nature of financial aid policies. Based on previous estimates of the effects of tuition and aid on PS attendance, we consider how much stronger income - attendance relationships would be in the absence of need-based aid and how much additional aid would need to be offered to lower income families to eliminate existing income - attendance gaps entirely.