Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Productivity. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

Education and the development of senior executives

Abstract: . This article explains why governments, as employers, should grant sabbaticals to their senior executives. It begins by identifying the skills usually required of senior civil servants, then evaluates their opportunities to develop these qualities in their day-to-day work, and finally suggests how sabbaticals could improve the performances of career civil servants. The qualities required of senior executives include a thorough knowledge of their disciplines, a general knowledge of related disciplines, a good understanding of analytical techniques, a ‘feeling’ for the society in which they live, an understanding of the parliamentary system, some familiarity with modem management methods and, finally, a knowledge of the Canadian constitutional and legal framework. Skills as broad as these have a better chance of being acquired if civil servants have the opportunity to return to a scholarly environment during the course of their careers. A sabbatical year would also allow them to keep abreast of the rapid developments in subject matters of concern to the public service. Finally, a sabbatical would allow the senior civil servant to consider and discuss with his colleagues the special skills expected of them. During his leave of absence, the civil servant could also contribute to the development of the art of public administration in Canada. He could increase his own knowledge in the area of management and in the disciplines connected with his work. Finally, the sabbatical would afford the civil servant the opportunity to reflect on the main trends of the government organization that he will have to manage. Sommaire. Dans cet article, l'auteur explique pourquoi les gouvernements devraient, en tant qu'employeurs, accorder des conges d'education a leurs cadres superieurs. Il procede en identsant d'abord les qualites generalement requises des fonctionnaires superieurs, puis en evaluant les possibilites qu'ont les fonctionnaires de developper ces qualites dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions, et en suggerant enfin comment un conge d'education peut ameliorer la performance d'un fonctionnaire de carriere. Les qualites requises d'un cadre superieur comprennent une connaissance approfondie d'une discipline, completee d'une connaissance generale de certaines disciplines connexes, une bonne comprehension de certaines techniques d'analyse, une connaissance poussee de la societe dans laquelle il vit, une comprehension du fonctionnement du systeme parlementaire, une certaine familia-rite avec les methodes modernes de gestion, enfin, une connaissance du cadre constitutionnel et juridique canadien. Des collnaissaxlces aussi etendues sont plus susceptibles d'etre acquises si les fonctionnaires ont l'occasion de retourner aux etudes au cows de leu carriere. Un conge d'education permet aussi de se ten& au courant des developpements rapides dans les disciplines importantes. Enfin, un conge d'education devrait permettre au fonctionnaire superieur de perfectionner les talents particuliers qu'on s'attend a trouver chez lui. Ainsi, le fonctionnaire en conge pourrait contribuer au developpement d'une science de l'administration publique au Canada, Il pourrait kgalement ameliorer ses propres connaissances dans le domaine du management et dans Ies disciplines qui sont reliees a son travail. Enfin, le conge d'education devrait etre une occasion pour le fonctionnaire de reflechir sur les grandes orientations de l'organisation gouvernementale qu'il est appelea diriger.

Recent Trends in Measures to Manage Capital Flows in Emerging Economies

Abstract: This paper reviews recent trends in the imposition of capital flow management measures in emerging market economies (EMEs). We find that since the crisis, there has been a shift in the balance of new measures towards net capital inflow reducing measures. However, this is not driven primarily by an increase in inflow tightening measures (e.g. taxes on inflows) relative to pre-crisis periods of inflow surges, but rather by significantly slower inflow liberalization trends (i.e. existing capital controls remaining in place). In addition, there has been a compositional shift in net capital inflow reducing measures: outflow liberalizations were the predominant tools for reducing net capital inflows pre-crisis, but such measures have become less important post-crisis. Overall, the pre-crisis trend towards capital account openness has stalled. The use of capital flow management measures is motivated by macroeconomic as well as financial stability concerns. The IMF recently endorsed use of capital controls as “last resort” measures in macroeconomic management. We also find that by IMF criteria, capital flow measures have not been introduced as a last resort since 2004 – alternative macroeconomic policies to deal with the surge in net capital inflows were available to the majority of countries. Moreover, most capital flow measures introduced by EMEs since 2004 are pure capital controls rather than currency based and/or prudential type measures, suggesting that they were not directly targeted to promote financial stability. However, since the crisis, there has been a small shift towards prudential-type measures.

Robust Inference in First-Price Auctions: Experimental Findings as Identifying Restrictions

Abstract: In laboratory experiments bidding in first-price auctions is more aggressive than predicted by the risk-neutral Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (RNBNE) - a finding known as the overbidding puzzle. Several models have been proposed to explain the overbidding puzzle, but no canonical alternative to RNBNE has emerged, and RNBNE remains the basis of the structural auction literature. Instead of estimating a particular model of overbidding, we use the overbidding restriction itself for identification, which allows us to bound the valuation distribution, the seller's payoff function, and the optimal reserve price. These bounds are consistent with RNBNE and all models of overbidding and remain valid if different bidders employ different bidding strategies. We propose simple estimators and evaluate the validity of the bounds numerically and in experimental data.

Government aid to industry: a public sector perspective

Abstract: This paper, prepared for the 1982 annual conference of ipac, critically reviews the rationale for government aid to industry. the choice of policy instruments and the creation of the proposed new Department of Regional Industrial Expansion. The paper focuses upon the direct subsidization of specific industrial activities, most visibly through direct conditional grants, but also including tariff protection, loans or guarantees of loans at preferred rates. and direct ownership through crown corporations. Drawing upon the theoretical framework presented by Professor Albert Breton in his monograph “A Conceptual Basis for Industrial Stratea,” three broad rationales are identified and discussed, with examples. The first of these is aid to correct for distortions in the workings of the market economy, such as the existence of significant externalities. disproportionate risk aversion, oligopoly or monopoly, and, most prevalent but least analysed. the pervasive influence of policies of foreign governments, past governments, provincial governments and of the federal government in non-economic fields. The second rationale is the concentration of government policies. including direct assistance. to promote a purposeful industrial strategy, which in Canada must include a powerful commitment to reducing regional disparities. Finally, and of increasing importance, is the assistance designed to ease the burden of adjustment, by individuals and by communities. to changes in economic circumstances. The paper closes with a recapitulation of the government's announcement in January 1982 of its intention to create n new Department of Regional Industrial Expansion. Sommaire: Cet expose, prepare pour la conference annuelle de l'I.A.P.C. de 1982, etudie les raisons de l'aide gouvernerrrentale a l industrie, le choix des instruments de politique et le projet de creer un nouveau ministere de l'Expansion industrielle regionale. L'auteur traite du subventionnement direct d'activites industrielles particulitres, surtout evident dans les cas doctrois de subsides conditionnels, mais sans oublier la protection douaniere, les prets ou les garanties de pret a des taux preferentiels et la proprietV elle-meine par le truchernent des societes de la couronne. Utilisant le cadre theorique offert par le professeur Albert Breton dans sa monographie “Le Fondement Theorique d'une Strategie Industrielle” l'auteur identifie et etudie trois raisons principales et donne des exemples. La premiere de ces raisons est d'aider a corriger les distortions dans le jeu de l‘economie du marche, telles qne l'existence d'importants fxteurs externes, le rejet de risques excessifs, l'oligopole ou le monopole et, ce qui est le plus frequent rnais a ete le moins analyse, l'influence envahissante des politiques des gouvernernents etrangers, des gouverne-ments precedents, des gouvernements provinciaux et du gouvernement federal lui-meme dans d'autres domaines que l'econornie. La deuxieme raison est la concertation des politiques gouvernementales, y compris l'assistance directe, pour promouvoir une “strategie industrielle” solide qui, au Canada, doit inclure la ferme volonte de reduire les disparites regionales. La troisieme raison, dont l'importance continue a croitre, est d'alleger les difficultes d'adaptation a de nouvelles circons-tances des individus et des communautes. L'auteur conclut en recapitulant la declaration du premier ministre Trudeau; celui-ci annoncait L'intention du gouvernement de creer un nouveau rninistere de l'Expansion industrielle regionale comme instrument principal d'aide directe aux investissements prives, contribuant a l'innovation en matiere d'industrie, au developpement regional et a l'adaptation de l'industrie.