Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Productivity. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

The role of social science in crime and delinquency policy

Abstract: . At present in Canada we are facing an era of increasing change, not only of the institutions and systems within our society, but in the values of both individuals and groups in society itself. These changes are perhaps nowhere more apparent than in the increasing crises and problems in the administration of justice in Canada. Given the many impacts of technology, increased communication and urbanization, the future of the society, of crime, and of the administration of justice are extremely uncertain. As discussed in the paper, in responding to this uncertainty those guiding the criminal justice system have a triple responsibility: to the public, to the offenders, and to the staff of the system itself. However, as I suggest, there are some major difficulties in carrying out these responsibilities. The paper then reviews the past application of social science to crime and delinquency policy in Canada. As I suggest, the contribution of social scientific research to the administration of justice has been minimal, probably because of limited resources and a lack of good information and statistics. Even if these problems were not present, there are other important problems facing the application of social science to this policy area in the future. The paper describes problems as the negative result, which seems to dominate social scientific results and does not encourage administrators to return for more advice, since typically the advice is either, we don't know, or the way we have been proceeding is wrong. The paper concludes by suggesting some alternatives for improving the interface between social science and social policy in the future. Sommaire. A l'heure actuelle nous traversons au Canada une ere de changement croissant, non seulement dans les institutions et les systemes au sera de notre societe, mais aussi dans les valeurs fondamentales des individus et des groupes. Ces crises et changements croissants se manifestent peut-etre davantage dans l'administration de la justice que dans toute autre activite au pays. Vu les nombreuses influences de la technologic, des communications accrues et de l'urbanisation, l'avenir de la societe, de la criminalite, et de la justice sont extremement incertains. Les personnes chargees de guider le systeme de justice penale ont, comme en discute mon expose, une triple responsabilite: envers le public, envers les delinquants et envers le personnel du systeme lui-meme. Toutefois, certaines difficultes majeures entravent l'exercice de ces responsabilites. Dans le meme expose, j'examine ensuite l'application des sciences humaines aux politiques concernant la criminalite et la delinquance au Canada. J'ai trouve plutot minime la contribution que la recherche en sciences humaines a apportee a l'administration de la justice, a cause peut-etre de ressources limitees et de manque de bonnes donnees et de statistiques. Meme si les problemes susmentionnes etaient absents, il existe neanmoins d'autres problemes importants que devra surmonter a 1'avenir l'application des sciences humaines aux politiques concernant la criminalite et la delinquance. Les problemes sont decrits dans mon expose comme etant le resultat negatif qui parait caracteriser la recherche en sciences humaines et qui decourage les administrateurs a solliciter d'autres conseils, vu que typiquement ont leur repond: ‘nous ne savons pas’ ou bien ‘la voie suivie jusqu'ici est mauvaise.’ Pour conclure, 1'expose suggere quelques solutions de rechange en vue d'ameliorer a l'avenir la liaison entre les sciences humaines et la politique sociale.

The Intergenerational Income Mobility of Canadian Men

Abstract: In this paper we use administrative data associated with the tax system to: (1) document the extent of intergenerational income mobility among Canadian men; and (2) estimate the income disadvantage (in adulthood) of being raised in a low income household. We find that there is considerable intergenerational income mobility in Canada among middle income earners, but that the inheritance of economic status is significant at both the very top and very bottom of the income distribution. About one-third of those in the bottom quartile were raised by fathers who occupied the same position in the income distribution. In fact, the income advantage of someone who had a father in the top decile over someone who had a father in the bottom decile is in the order of 40%. We also discuss some of the policy implications of these findings, as well as some of their limitations and the directions implied for future research.

Capelin Mallotus villosus population differentiation among and within regions using relative warps

Abstract: Arctic and sub-Arctic ecosystems are rapidly changing, but morphological diversity can increase a species’ resilience to these environmental fluctuations. Capelin Mallotus villosus is a cold-water forage fish distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, but is not thoroughly studied outside the Atlantic Ocean, which impedes our ability to infer the functional significance of morphometric variation among populations. The objective of this study was to use relative warps, a comprehensive geometric morphometric method, to determine if capelin populations could be distinguished by beach spawning location in the western Canadian Arctic (one location), Newfoundland, Canada (three locations), and Alaska, USA (two locations). Morphometry was examined separately by sex and compared among and within geographic regions using relative warp analysis (RWA), Procrustes ANOVA, estimates of morphological disparity, and canonical variates analysis (CVA). For both sexes, capelin from the western Canadian Arctic were differentiated from other regions, primarily by pelvic fin location. Within Newfoundland, capelin from Witless Bay, Bellevue Beach (males only), and Middle Cove were only distinguishable from each other using CVA. Within Alaska, males from Norton Sound were distinct from Prince William Sound using RWA and CVA. When all subregions were examined together, evidence for population separation was weaker for both sexes than when regions or subregions were examined separately. These morphological variations imply diversity throughout this species’ geographic distribution. Biological attributes (e.g., total length, weight, fecundity), which are influenced by multiple environmental factors such as prey availability, also varied among and within regions and may explain some of the identified morphometric diversity.

Optimal Intermediary Rents

Abstract: This paper studies a dynamic production economy with financial intermediation. It is assumed that claims held on intermediaries cannot be fully enforced such that intermediation is subject to intermediary equity requirements. It is shown that competitive equilibria are not constrained efficient whenever the aggregate amount of intermediary equity in the economy is low enough to limit production. Specifically, a constrained social planner can achieve a Pareto improvement by creating long-term rents for intermediaries which immediately reduces intermediary equity requirements. The constrained-efficient allocation can be implemented by a positive tax on future intermediary activity.