Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Debt. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

The Impact of Trade Promotion Services on Canadian Exporter Performance

Abstract: We evaluate the impact of the export promotion program delivered by the Canadian Trade Commissioner Service on various dimensions of export performance. Over the 1999-2006 time period we study, Canadian firms successfully diversified their exports to destinations beyond the United States and smaller firms increased their share of total exports. Both of these achievements are explicit aims of the program, but in order to make causal inferences we rely on various identifying assumptions from the treatment effects literature. The results indicate very robustly that the program had an effect at the intensive margin, boosting the average level of exports to given product-destination markets. Effects at the extensive margins of trade, increasing the number of export destinations or number of products exported, are smaller and more sensitive to the identification assumption. This finding differs from previous studies for several Latin American countries where extensive margin effects were most robust. One reason is that the Canadian program was most effective for larger firms and for firms already active on several export markets.

Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) Infections in Pen-Reared Atlantic Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean with a Survey of Potential Nonsalmonid Reservoir Hosts

Abstract: The seasonality of the infective stage of Kudoa thyrsites was investigated via natural exposure of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar held in seawater net-pens in Departure Bay near Nanaimo, British Columbia, an area for which this parasite is enzootic. Atlantic salmon were exposed for various 8-week periods throughout the year, and it was determined that the infections were readily contracted in the summer and fall but not through the winter and early spring months. The progression of K. thyrsites infections was followed in populations of Atlantic salmon held in either seawater net-pens or seawater tanks for periods of up to 20 months. The majority of postsmolts contracted infections within a few months after their transfer to the seawater net-pens, and sporulation of the parasite occurred 4–6 months posttransfer. Mature myxospores could be detected as early as 1,000 degree-days postexposure (p.e.); however, the majority of infections did not progress to sporulation until 2,000 degree-days p.e. The pre...

Bank stock returns, leverage and the business cycle

Abstract: The returns on bank stocks rise and fall with the business cycle, making bank equity financing cheaper in the boom and dearer during a recession. This provides support for prudential tools that give incentives for banks to build capital buffers at times when the cost of equity is lower. In addition, banks with higher leverage face a higher cost of equity, which suggests that higher capital ratios are associated with lower funding costs.

Trade-offs between reducing complex terminology and producing accurate interpretations from environmental DNA: Comment on “Environmental DNA: What's behind the term?” by Pawlowski et al., (2020)

Abstract: In a recent paper, "Environmental DNA: What's behind the term? Clarifying the terminology and recommendations for its future use in biomonitoring," Pawlowski et al. argue that the term eDNA should be used to refer to the pool of DNA isolated from environmental samples, as opposed to only extra-organismal DNA from macro-organisms. We agree with this view. However, we are concerned that their proposed two-level terminology specifying sampling environment and targeted taxa is overly simplistic and might hinder rather than improve clear communication about environmental DNA and its use in biomonitoring. This terminology is based on categories that are often difficult to assign and uninformative, and it overlooks a fundamental distinction within eDNA: the type of DNA (organismal or extra-organismal) from which ecological interpretations are derived.