Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Debt. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

A Small Quarterly Multi-Country Projection Model

Abstract: This is the second of a series of papers that are being written as part of a larger project to estimate a small quarterly Global Projection Model (GPM). The GPM project is designed to improve the toolkit for studying both own-country and cross-country linkages. In this paper, we estimate a small quarterly projection model of the US, Euro Area, and Japanese economies. The model is estimated with Bayesian techniques, which provide a very efficient way of imposing restrictions to produce both plausible dynamics and sensible forecasting properties. We show how the model can be used to construct efficient baseline forecasts that incorporate judgment imposed on the near-term outlook.

Particular Social Group: A Human Rights Based Approach in Canadian Jurisprudence

Abstract: Increased international attention over the years on the interpretation of the 1951 Convention refugee definition reflects a growing interest in how elements of the definition are applied both within and between domestic jurisdictions. In Canada, this interest is reflected in legal commentary and in the jurisprudence of both the Convention Refugee Determination Division (CRDD) of the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) and the higher courts that have jurisdiction to review CRDD decisions. This article focuses on how «particular social group» has been interpreted in Canadian law. The central issue is whether there is a framework of analysis, consistent with the overall purposes of the Convention, which, if applied rigorously would yield consistent and principled results. The authors approach this by looking first at the human rights framework of analysis for the particular social group ground articulated by the Supreme Court of Canada in 1993 and the development of the relevant Canadian jurisprudence since then. They identify a rather diverse body of jurisprudence not united by a consistent and principled analytical approach, and provide examples of how a human rights framework of analysis could be applied to the various types of claims which are brought on the particular social group ground. They conclude that such a framework of analysis promises to provide consistent and principled results that are in keeping with the purposes of the Convention and the underlying themes of human rights.

Comparing negative health indicators in male and female veterans with the Canadian general population.

Abstract: Introduction Sex-based information on differences between Canadian veterans and the general population is important to understand veterans’ unique health needs and identify areas requiring further research. This study compared various health indicators in male and female veterans with their Canadian counterparts. Methods Health indicators for recent-era Regular Force veterans (released between 1998 and 2015) were obtained from the 2016 Life After Service Survey and compared with the general population in the 2015–16 Canadian Community Health Survey using a cross-sectional approach. Age-adjusted rates and 95% CIs were calculated for males and females separately. Results Compared with Canadians, veterans (both sexes) reported higher prevalence of fair or poor health and mental health, needing help with one or more activity of daily living, lifetime suicidal ideation and being diagnosed with mood and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, migraines, back problems, chronic pain, arthritis, ever having cancer, hearing problems, chronic pain and gastrointestinal problems. A higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (all types) and high blood pressure was observed in male veterans compared with their Canadian counterparts. Within veterans only, males reported a higher prevalence of diagnosed hearing problems and cardiovascular disease compared with females; conversely females reported a higher prevalence of diagnosed migraines, mood, anxiety and gastrointestinal disorders, and needing help with activities of daily living. These sex differences are similar to the Canadian general population. Some similarities in reporting prevalence between male and female veterans (eg, fair or poor mental health, lifetime suicidal ideation, arthritis, asthma, lifetime cancer incidence, chronic pain and diabetes) were not observed in other Canadians. Conclusion Male and female veterans differed from comparable Canadians, and from each other, in various areas of health. Further research is needed to explore these findings, and veteran-based policies and services should consider sex differences.

Efficiency and Bargaining Power in the Interbank Loan Market

Abstract: Using detailed transactions-level data on interbank loans, we examine the efficiency of an overnight interbank lending market, and the bargaining power of its participants. Our analysis relies on the equilibrium concept of the core, which imposes a set of no-arbitrage conditions on trades in the market. For Canada's Large-Value Transfer System, we show that while the market is fairly efficient, systemic inefficiency persists throughout our sample. The level of inefficiency matches distinct phases of both the Bank of Canada's operations as well as phases of the 2007-2008 financial crisis. We find that bargaining power tilted sharply towards borrowers as the financial crisis progressed, and (surprisingly) towards riskier borrowers.