Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Debt. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

Did the Renewable Fuel Standard Shift Market Expectations of the Price of Ethanol

Abstract: It is commonly believed that the response of the price of corn ethanol (and hence of the price of corn) to shifts in biofuel policies operates in part through market expectations and shifts in storage demand, yet to date it has proved difficult to measure these expectations and to empirically evaluate this view.

Inflation-Forecast Targeting for India: An Outline of the Analytical Framework

Abstract: India formally adopted flexible inflation targeting (FIT) in June 2016 to place price stability, defined in terms of a target CPI inflation, as the primary objective of monetary policy. In this context, the paper draws on Indian macroeconomic developments since 2000 and the experience of other countries that adopted FIT to bring out insights on how credible policy with an emphasis on a strong nominal anchor can reduce the impact of supply shocks and improve macroeconomic stability. For illustrating the key issues given the unique structural characteristics of India and the policy options under an FIT framework, the paper describes an analytical framework using the core quarterly projection model (QPM). Simulations of the QPM are carried out to illustrate the monetary policy responses under different types of uncertainty and to bring out the importance of gaining credibility for improving monetary policy efficacy.

Social and genetic determinants of size variation in tanks of Nauyuk, Norwegian, and hybrid Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)

Abstract: An experiment was performed to determine the relative importance of social and genetic factors on the development of size variation in tanks of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.). Growth and the development of size variation were monitored for approximately 300 days in one-year-old fish from 18 families of Nauyuk, Norwegian and hybrid charr. Initial mean weights ranged between 21 and 85 g, and initial CVs (CV= coefficient of variation = 100 X standard deviation / mean) were between 4% and 52%. The final mean fish weights and variances of weight in tanks were highly predictable in terms of initial mean weights, initial variances, and elapsed time, suggesting that the same social influences were present in test tanks. Changes in CV depended on both the initial mean weights and initial CVs. The largest increases in CV occurred in tanks of small fish with initially small CVs and the largest decreases in tanks of large fish with initially large CVs. In general, tanks tended toward CVs of 20–40%, with tanks of initially small fish tending toward the larger CVs. On the basis of the observed results, it is suggested that to optimize growth and minimize size variation, charr should be sorted to CVs between 25% and 35% and then cultured at high densities (> 40 kg m-3). As expected, there were significant differences in strain and family growth rates. However, the relationship between size variation and mean weight did not differ between strains, but differed slightly but significantly between families within strains. These effects were weak compared with social effects. It is concluded that social factors are the most important in determining the growth of individual charr, and may have confounded previous experiments examining the genetic basis of growth.

Recent Canadian Evidence on Job Quality by Firm Size

Abstract: We provide recent evidence on job characteristics by firm size in Canada. Using a variety of household surveys, we assemble a wide set of facts on wages, fringe benefits and work schedules in small and large firms. We show that the wage gap between small and large firms has remained fairly stable over the past decade. After controlling for observable worker characteristics and industry-specific effects, large firms pay 15-20% more than small firms. Pension plan coverage remains at least four times higher in large firms than in small firms. While the gap in pension coverage between small and large firms has not increased over time for men, there is some evidence that it has increased for women. We assess the extent to which work schedules vary between small and large firms. Our results indicate that compared to workers in large firms, employees of small firms work at least as many weekly hours. Furthermore, they are more likely to work more than five days per week. This implies that the firm size wage premium cannot be explained by a longer workweek in large firms. As long as workers prefer working during the day, the greater frequency of shift work in large, goods-producing companies is one dimension along which work schedules are less desirable in large firms. According to the theory of compensating differentials, the size-wage differential may partially reflect the willingness of large firms to compensate workers for shift work. We test this hypothesis and conclude that shift work has virtually no effect on the firm size wage premium. Our results emphasize the need to look at several dimensions of work to assess how job quality varies between small and large firms.

The Influence of Measures of Economic Freedom on FDI: A Comparison of Western Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: This research found that recent efforts aimed at stimulating both domestic and foreign investment have attached great importance to the improvement of the regulatory framework and institutions of e...